Commons registration authorities: correct mistakes
Correct mistakes in commons registers, including adding or removing buildings or land, and registering greens wrongly recorded as commons.
Applies to England
The content on this page is in beta and may be updated frequently. This guide is part of a collection which will replace guidance for commons registration authorities and the Planning Inspectorate.
All this guidance applies to pioneer authorities and 2014 authorities.
The only part of this guidance that applies to 1965 authorities relates to applications to make Section 19 corrections to the registers and to remove buildings or other land.
You may find the following types of mistakes in your commons registers:
- boundary lines of commons or greens drawn in the wrong place by the registration authority
- commons or greens that should have been registered but weren’t
- greens that were wrongly registered as common land
As part of your duty to review your registers, you should search the for commons and greens made under Part 1 of the Commons Act 1899 or schemes of regulation for commons and greens made under the Metropolitan Commons Acts 1866 to 1898.
Also check that your registers match the areas of common land and greens defined in any current:
- statutory schemes of management set up by your authority
- orders of regulation regulating public use of specific commons
- local or personal Acts of Parliament
If you find any mistakes, you could make a proposal to amend the register provided there is a public interest in the matter.
If you receive any objections to an application or a proposal from anyone with a legal interest in the land (such as an owner, rights holder, occupier or mortgage lender), you must refer the application to the Planning Inspectorate. You must also refer applications and proposals if you have an interest in the outcome to the extent that it could make your decision seem biased (eg if your authority owns the land and plans to develop it so doesn’t want it registered).
Register statutory common land or greens
Only pioneer and 2014 commons registration authorities can accept applications and make proposals to register the following:
- as common land - land recognised by law as common land that wasn’t finally registered (meaning that the provisional registration was confirmed) under the Commons Registration Act 1965
- as a green - land that had been, and still was on 31 July 1970, allotted to local people for recreation but wasn’t finally registered under the Commons Act 1965
Any land in an application or a proposal under the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraphs 2 or 3 must still be legally recognised as a common or a green by the relevant piece of law - the legislation that created that particular common or green can’t have been revoked.
If you register a piece of land under Schedule 2, paragraphs 2 or 3 it won’t create new rights of common. But if it’s land that’s added to an existing common that has rights over it, then the rights can be used over the new part of the common.
You can’t accept applications or make proposals for land covered by a building or within its curtilage (the land that ‘belongs’ to a building) unless the owner agrees. The meaning of ‘curtilage’ isn’t clearly defined. In recent judgments, common ownership seems to be less important than current use - for example, a basement area, driveway, passageway, garden and yard. A whole common or green is unlikely to be the curtilage of a building, but if a house has a physical enclosure around it (eg a wall or a fence), then the whole area within that enclosure (except the house) could be considered to be curtilage.
The deadlines for applications and proposals are:
- 31 December 2020 for pioneer authorities
- 15 March 2027 for 2014 authorities
You must put up a notice with details of the application or proposal at or near an obvious entrance to the site.
Evidence you need
To register common land or greens that should previously have been registered you need:
- application form CA13
- an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- evidence that the law which identified the land as common land or allotted it for recreation is still in force
- evidence of consent from the owner if any of the land is covered by a building or the curtilage of a building
Once you’ve made a decision, in the notice on your website quote:
- the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 2 for land recognised by law as common land that wasn’t finally registered under the Commons Registration Act 1965
- the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 3 for land that was still allotted to local people for recreation on 31 July 1970
Amend the register
Use model entry 17 as a reference if you’re registering an extension to an existing common or green. Use model entry 18 as a reference if you’re registering a new common or green.
Register waste land of a manor as common land
Only pioneer and 2014 commons registration authorities can accept an application or make a proposal to register waste land as common land.
Waste land of a manor is land that fulfils all of the following:
- the land was at any point, or still is, part of a manor
- the land is open, uncultivated and unoccupied at the date of the application or proposal
- the land hasn’t been registered as common land or a green
But land is only eligible to be registered as waste land if it had been provisionally registered as common land under the Commons Registration Act 1965 but it was cancelled for any of the following reasons:
- the Commons Commissioner dismissed it because the land was no longer part of a manor
- the Commons Commissioner dismissed it because the land wasn’t subject to rights of common, but the Commissioner didn’t consider whether the land was waste land of a manor
- the applicant withdrew or agreed to withdraw the application, whether or not it was referred to a Commons Commissioner
Check that waste land is open, uncultivated and unoccupied
Waste land is legally defined as land that’s open, uncultivated and unoccupied.
What is open land
Open land means land with no physical barriers that prevent access to that land.
Fencing that sets the boundaries of ownership can be open land, especially if the land can still be accessed on foot.
You’ll need to check what barriers are for and whether they’re temporary or permanent.
Ignore fencing on adjacent land, even if the common is completely surrounded by it - fencing is only relevant on land that’s part of the application.
What is unoccupied land
Whether land is occupied or unoccupied will depend on whether the land is used by the occupant, and if it is, how much.
Unoccupied land means that nobody is physically using the land in a way that prevents other people from using it. The High Court has commented that while a golf course had rights over a piece of land, the rights did not amount to occupation (see R v Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council).
Land won’t automatically be considered occupied because it’s subject to a tenancy, lease or licence whose sole purpose is to allow grazing on the land.
Land may be considered as occupied if it’s been physically improved by tenants, eg cultivating and reseeding moorland only for the tenants’ use and benefit.
What is uncultivated land
Whether land is cultivated or uncultivated land depends on what the land’s used for and how much it’s used. For example, intensive arable cultivation would count as cultivated land but grass cutting would not.
Contact Natural England to check if the land is subject to an agri-environment scheme agreement. Check the terms of the agreement - schemes may require cultivation of the land either by physical or chemical means, eg ploughing, harrowing, fertilisers.
You can use the following to check if land was part of a manor:
- A2A (Access to Archives)
- British History online
- local records offices
- the National Archives.
- the Victoria County History
You usually can’t prove for certain that land was part of a manor, but you should be able to show that land probably was or still is part of a manor.
If you register waste land of a manor it won’t create new rights of common, but if it’s land that’s added to an existing common with rights over it, then the existing rights can be used over the new part of the common.
The deadlines for applications are:
- 31 December 2020 for pioneer authorities
- 15 March 2027 for 2014 authorities
You must put up a notice with details of the application or proposal at or near an obvious entrance to the site.
Evidence you need
To reregister waste land of the manor you need:
- application form CA13
- an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- evidence of the provisional registration
- evidence that the land is still waste land of the manor at the time of the application
- evidence that the provisional registration was cancelled or withdrawn
Once you’ve made a decision, quote the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 4 in the notice on your website.
Amend the register
Use model entry 17 as a reference if you’re registering an extension to an existing common or green. Use model entry 18 as a reference if you’re registering a new common or green.
Register a town or village green wrongly registered as common land
Some greens were wrongly registered as common land because the land had rights of common over it, but greens can have rights of common over them. Only pioneer and 2014 commons registration authorities can accept applications or make proposals to transfer these to the register of town and village greens.
The deadlines for applications are:
- 31 December 2020 for pioneer authorities
- 15 March 2027 for 2014 authorities
You must put up a notice with details of the application or proposal at or near an obvious entrance to the site.
Evidence you need
To register town or village greens wrongly registered as common land you need:
- application form CA13
- an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- evidence of the provisional registration of the land as common land
- the circumstances in which the provisional registration became final (eg a Commons Commissioner’s decision)
- evidence that the land was a town or village green immediately before it was provisionally registered as common land - this can be formal evidence, such as an inclosure award or order of exchange, or it could be by 20 years’ use as of right, or if it was in customary use as a green
Once you’ve made a decision, quote the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 5 in the notice on your website.
Amend the register
Use model entry 19 to amend the register. Remove the land and any rights of common from the commons register and record it as a new register unit in the greens register. Commoners will be able to use their rights on the green.
Deregister buildings wrongly registered as common land or town or village green
Pioneer authorities, 2014 authorities and 1965 authorities can deregister land that’s covered by a building or the curtilage of a building (the land that ‘belongs’ to a building) that was wrongly registered as common land or as a town or village green if all of the following apply:
- the land was provisionally registered as common land or green
- the land was covered by a building or belonged to a building on the date of the provisional registration
- the provisional registration became final
- the land has been at all times, and still is, covered by a building or belongs to a building - though it doesn’t have to be the same building or even a building that was legally built
You can’t accept applications or make proposals for land covered by a building or within its curtilage unless the owner agrees.
The meaning of ‘curtilage’ isn’t clearly defined. In recent judgments, common ownership seems to be less important than current use - for example, a basement area, driveway, passageway, garden and yard. A whole common or green is unlikely to be the curtilage of a building, but if a house has a physical enclosure around it (eg a wall or a fence), then the whole area within that enclosure (except the house) could be considered to be curtilage.
The deadlines for applications and proposals are:
- 31 December 2020 for pioneer authorities
- 15 March 2027 for 1965 and 2014 authorities
You must put up a notice with details of the application or proposal at or near an obvious entrance to the site.
Evidence you need
To deregister buildings you need:
- application form CA13
- an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- evidence of the provisional registration as common land or green
- the circumstances in which the provisional registration became final (eg a Commons Commissioner’s decision)
- evidence that the land has been at all times and still is covered by a building or belongs to a building
Once you’ve made a decision, in the notice on your website quote the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 6) for a building wrongly registered as common land and paragraph 8 for a building wrongly registered as a town or village green.
Amend the register
Use model entries 15 or 16 to amend the register.
Deregister other land wrongly registered as common land
Pioneer authorities, 2014 authorities and 1965 authorities can deregister land wrongly registered as common land if all of the following apply:
- the land was provisionally registered as common land
- the provisional registration became final without being referred to a Commons Commissioner
- immediately before its provisional registration the land wasn’t subject to rights of common, or waste land of a manor, or a green (within the original meaning under the Commons Registration Act 1965), or land described in section 11 of the Inclosure Act 1845
The deadlines for applications and proposals are:
- 31 December 2020 for pioneer authorities
- 15 March 2027 for 2014 authorities
Evidence you need
To deregister other land wrongly registered as common land you need:
- application form CA13
- an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- evidence that the land was provisionally registered as common land
- evidence that the registration became final without being referred to a Commons Commissioner
You also need evidence that before registration the land wasn’t any of the following following at the time of its provisional registration under the 1965 Act:
- subject to rights of common
- waste land of a manor
- a town or village green within the original meaning under the Commons Registration Act 1965
- land described in section 11 of the Inclosure Act 1845
Once you’ve made a decision, quote the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 7 in the notice on your website.
Amend the register
Use model entries 15 or 16 to amend the register.
Deregister other land wrongly registered as a town or village green
Pioneer authorities, 2014 authorities and 1965 authorities can deregister land wrongly registered as a town or village green if all of the following apply:
- it was provisionally registered as a town or village green
- the provisional registration wasn’t referred to a Commons Commisioner
- immediately before its provisional registration the land wasn’t common land or town or village green
The deadlines for applications and proposals are:
- 31 December 2020 for pioneer authorities
- 15 March 2027 for 1965 and 2014 authorities
Evidence you need
To deregister other land wrongly registered as common land you need:
- application form CA13
- an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- evidence that the land was provisionally registered as a town or village green
- evidence that the provisional registration became final without being referred to a Commons Commissioner
- evidence that the provisional registration became final
You also need evidence that immediately before provisional registration the land wasn’t:
- common land, meaning it wasn’t subject to rights of common or waste land of a manor
- a town or village green, meaning that during the 20 years before its provisional registration it was physically unusable for sports and pastimes (eg because of buildings, cultivation or fencing), or it hadn’t been allotted as a green under an enactment
Once you’ve made a decision, quote the Commons Act 2006, Schedule 2, paragraph 9 in the notice on your website.
Amend the register
Use model entries 15 or 16 to amend the register.
When costs are awarded
If you refer an application under Schedule 2 to the Planning Inspectorate and they hold a public inquiry (but not a hearing), then the inspector responsible for the inquiry may award costs to the applicant or to an objector (who takes part in the inquiry) if:
- a claim is made for an award of costs
- applicants, any objectors or registration authorities taking part in the public inquiry behave unreasonably, causing significant expense that wouldn’t otherwise have been incurred
Examples of unreasonable behaviour include:
- late introduction of evidence
- the adjournment (putting off ) or prolongment of an inquiry
- an applicant insisting on an inquiry and failing to present a reasonable case in support of the application
The inspector will use the Department for Communities and Local Government’s Planning Practice Guidance on Appeals when deciding whether to award costs.
Costs can’t be awarded for proposals.
Section 19 corrections
Section 19 allows for applications and proposals to correct certain types of mistake in the registers of common land and town and village greens.
1965 authorities
1965 authorities can only correct the registers if the registration authority made a mistake when it made or amended an entry in the register - for example, if a registration authority recorded the boundary of a common in a way that didn’t match the way it was shown in the application; read Section 19(2)(a). But if the authority recorded all the information in an application then it doesn’t qualify as a local authority’s mistake
Pioneer and 2014 authorities
Pioneer and 2014 authorities can make all of the following corrections:
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if the registration authority made a mistake when it made or amended an entry in the register - for example, if a registration authority recorded the boundary of a common in a way that didn’t match the way it was shown in the application - read Section 19(2)(a). But if the authority recorded all the information in an application then it doesn’t qualify as a local authority’s mistake
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to correct other mistakes provided they don’t affect the extent of land registered or what can be done by virtue of a right of common - for example, if the applicant wrongly defined the boundary of the land to which a right of common is attached, or stated that the right was only usable over part of the common when it was actually usable over the whole common - read Section 19(2)(b)
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to remove duplicate entries - these mistakes tended to happen when the landowner and the tenant made separate applications to record the same right of common - read Section 19(2)(c)
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to update the name and address of any person in an entry - this will usually relate to a change to either the name or address of the owner of a right of common in gross, for example through marriage or moving - read Section 19(2)(d). But it can’t be used to record a change in ownership of the right - applicants must use form CA6 instead
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if the boundary of a common or green is extended or reduced due to a natural change in the shape of a body of water - read Section 19(2)(e)
Given the broad scope of Section 19 corrections, make sure you advertise applications to everyone with a potential interest in them.
If the application would add or remove land, you must put up a site notice with details of the application or proposal at or near an obvious entrance to the site.
There are no deadlines for these types of application. The deadline for proposals is 31 December 2020 for pioneers and 15 March 2027 for 2014 authorities. 1965 authorities can’t make proposals.
The High Court may order an authority to amend either register if:
- any entry or any information relating to an entry was included due to fraud
- it would be fair to amend the register
When you can’t make Section 19 corrections
You can’t correct mistakes if it would be unfair to. For example, someone may have bought land thinking it wasn’t a common or a green because it wasn’t in the register. But the land turns out to be a common or a green that your registration authority left out of the register by mistake. You must balance the needs of those who own the land with those who want to correct the register.
Evidence you need
To make corrections you need:
- application form CA10
- if relevant, an Ordnance Survey map of the land at the correct scale - at least 1:10,560 for moorland and 1:2,500 for other land
- a statement from the applicant to say which type of correction under Sections 19(2)(a) to (e) they want to make
- the mistake to be corrected
- details of the correction to be made
You must refer an application or proposal to the Planning Inspectorate if it would add or remove land from the register or correct the numbers of rights in an entry and the application receives any objections from anyone with a legal interest in the land (such as owners, tenants, rights holders or mortgage lenders). You must also refer an application or a proposal to the Planning Inspectorate if your authority has an interest in the outcome to the extent that there would be no confidence in your authority’s ability to make an unbiased decision.
Once you’ve made a decision, quote the relevant part of the Commons Act 2006, section 19 in the notice on your website.
Amend the register
Use this table to find the right model entry to use to amend the register.
| Part of the register to be amended | Possible amendments | Model entry |
|---|---|---|
| Land | Deregistration of all of an existing unit | 16 |
| Land | Deregistration of part of an existing unit | 15 |
| Land | Registration of new land that increases the size of an existing unit | 17 |
| Land | Increase or decrease in the size of a unit due to the change of shape of a body of water | 17 or 15 |
| Rights | Change in the quantity or type of registered rights, whether the rights are in gross (attached to 1 or more people) or attached to land | 4 |
| Rights | Removal of a right of common from the register | 9 |
| Rights | Increase or decrease in the area of a unit over which a right can be used | 4 |
| Rights | Correction or improvement of the details or definition of a dominant tenement (the land that rights are attached to) | 7 |
| Rights | Updating of the name or address of the holder of a right in gross | 8 |
| Rights | Correction to the registration of a right in gross that has been wrongly registered as attached to a dominant tenement | 14 |
| Rights | Correction to the registration of a right that is attached to a dominant tenement but has been wrongly registered as being held in gross | 6 |
Sometimes an application meets the criteria under both Schedule 2 and Section 19. The applicant must choose which to apply under.
Further information
This guidance relates to Part 1 of the Commons Act 2006 and The Commons Registration (England) Regulations 2014.
The Association of Commons Registration Authorities supports commons registration officers and staff whose work includes common land and town and village greens.
Updates to this page
Published 17 November 2015Last updated 18 November 2015 + show all updates
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Added link to original guidance document.
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First published.