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Flu and COVID-19 surveillance reports bulletin 2025

This bulletin (formally Weekly Winter Briefing) brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses common in winter.

From:: UK Health Security Agency
Published: 6 February 2025
Last updated: 6 March 2025 — See all updates

For updates from previous years, see Flu and COVID-19 surveillance reports published up to week 52 2024

Latest

Thursday 6 March 2025

In week 9:

influenza (flu) activity decreased overall across most indicators and was at low to medium activity levels.
COVID-19 activity showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at baseline levels

For more information see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data

In week 9:

flu activity decreased overall across most indicators and was at low to medium activity levels
flu positivity decreased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 11.7%, compared to 12.5% in the previous week - this is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested
overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to 3.73 per 100,000 population, compared with 4.62 per 100,000 in the previous week
the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate decreased slightly to 9.1 per 100,000 compared with 10.1 per 100,000 in the previous week

Reporting of the weekly influenza vaccine uptake for the 2024 to 2025 season has concluded. Up to the end of week 4 (week ending 26 January 2025), vaccine uptake was 39.7% for those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.8% in all pregnant women and 74.6% for all those aged 65 years and over. Uptake was 41.4% for children aged 2 years of age and 43.2% for children aged 3 years of age.

COVID-19 surveillance data

In week 9:

COVID-19 activity showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline activity levels
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 3.3% compared with 2.9% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations decreased slightly to 1.23 per 100,000 compared to 1.33 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.03 per 100,000 compared with 0.02 per 100,000 in the previous week
there were 5 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 9
the highest hospital admission rate was in the West Midlands, which decreased slightly to 2.08 per 100,000 compared with 2.22 per 100,000 in the previous week
those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which remained stable at 13.11 per 100,000 compared with 13.28 per 100,000 in the previous week

The majority of COVID-19 vaccinations were completed by 20 December 2024 with additional outreach activity occurring to the end of January 2025. As COVID vaccinations have now ended, weekly publication of COVID-19 vaccination uptake has now ceased. Please refer to last week’s report for the latest data.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data

In week 9:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
RSV positivity decreased slightly to 1.6% compared with 1.8% in the previous week
overall, hospital admissions decreased to 0.48 per 100,000 compared with 0.68 per 100,000 in the previous week

UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. hMPV is a common respiratory infection in winter and current levels are expected at this time of year. Infections are usually mild, causing symptoms of a common cold and most people have had hMPV by the time they are 5 years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 9, hMPV laboratory test positivity decreased slightly to 4.5% from 5% in the previous week.

Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

It’s promising to see the downward trend continuing for flu, which is now circulating at low to medium levels. Despite this, it’s still important that people continue to take steps to protect themselves and others against respiratory viruses at this time of year.

If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data

In week 8:

Norovirus cases remained high in recent weeks, but with a slight decrease of 4.7% from week 7 to 8 of 2025. Norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 10 to 23 February 2025 were 11.6% higher than the previous 2-week period. The total number of reports was 167.9% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.

Laboratory reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over.

Rotavirus reporting has increased in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 7 and 8 of 2025.

The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) during weeks 7 and 8 were 66.7% higher than the 5-season average.

While some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed rise.

During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (91.7%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (54.5%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored — at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease).

Laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases.

Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Dr Gauri Godbole, Deputy Director, Gastrointestinal Infections at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus levels remain very high for this time of year.

We are seeing the biggest impacts in health and social care settings, such as hospitals and care homes. If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, please do not visit hospitals and care homes or return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others, as you can still pass on the virus during this time.

Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus. Wash your hands with soapy warm water and clean surfaces with bleach-based products where possible to help stop infections from spreading.

Thursday 27 February 2025

In week 8:

Influenza (flu) activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at low activity levels - there continues to be an increase in influenza B activity, predominantly in children of school going age and adults up to 44 years of age
COVID-19 activity showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity trends showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels

For more information see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data

In week 8:

flu activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at low activity levels - there continues to be an increase in influenza B activity, predominantly in children of school going age and adults up to 44 years of age
flu positivity remained stable with a weekly mean positivity rate of 12.4%, compared to 12.7% in the previous week - this is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested
overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to 4.15 per 100,000 population, compared with 4.79 per 100,000 in the previous week
in week 8, the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate decreased to 10.1 per 100,000 compared with 11.3 per 100,000 in the previous week
reporting of the weekly influenza vaccine uptake for the 2024 to 2025 season has concluded - up to the end of week 4 (week ending 26 January 2025), vaccine uptake was 39.7% for those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.8% in all pregnant women and 74.6% for all those aged 65 years and over - uptake was 41.4% for children aged 2 years of age and 43.2% for children aged 3 years of age

COVID-19 surveillance data

In week 8:

COVID-19 activity showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline activity levels
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings remained stable with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.8% compared with 2.8% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations increased to 1.32 per 100,000 compared to 1.15 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.02 per 100,000 compared with 0.05 per 100,000 in the previous week
there were 8 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 8
the highest hospital admission rate was in the West Midlands, which increased to 2.22 per 100,000 compared with 1.93 per 100,000 in the previous week
those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which remained stable at 13.14 per 100,000 compared with 13.11 per 100,000 in the previous week
the majority of COVID-19 vaccinations were completed by 20th December 2024 with additional outreach activity occurring to the end of January 2025
as COVID vaccinations have now ended, weekly publication of COVID-19 vaccination uptake has now ceased - please refer to last week’s report for the latest data

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data

In week 8:

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity trends showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis decreased
RSV positivity decreased slightly to 1.9% compared with 2.3% in the previous week
overall, hospital admissions slightly increased to 0.67 per 100,000 compared with 0.62 per 100,000 in the previous week
UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. hMPV is a common respiratory infection in winter and current levels are expected at this time of year. Infections are usually mild, causing symptoms of a common cold and most people have had hMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 8, hMPV laboratory test positivity increased to 5.6% from 4.2% in the previous week

Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

We’re pleased to see that flu is now at low activity levels after circulating at medium levels for the past few weeks and this is what we expect at this time of year. Even though less flu is around now as we head towards spring, it’s still important that people continue to take steps to protect themselves and others against respiratory viruses.

If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data

In week 7:

Norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 3 to 16 February 2025 2025 were 29.4% higher than the previous 2-week period - the total number of reports was 168% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period - laboratory reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over
Rotavirus reporting has increased in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 6 and 7 of 2025
the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) during weeks 6 and 7 of the 2024/25 season is 59.3% higher than the 5-season average
while some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed rise
during the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (91.5%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (53.9%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored - at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease)
latest information on circulating strains can be found here: Flu and COVID-19 surveillance reports bulletin 2025 - GOV.UK
laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time

Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus levels are still exceptionally high and now with multiple genotypes spreading at the same time, people could end up getting infected more than once this season.

We are seeing the biggest impacts in health and social care settings, such as hospitals and care homes. Symptoms of norovirus can be more severe in older adults, young children and those who are immunocompromised. If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, please do not visit hospitals and care homes or return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others, as you can still pass on the virus during this time.

Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus. Wash your hands with soapy warm water and clean surfaces with bleach-based products where possible to help stop infections from spreading.

Thursday 20 February 2025

Influenza activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels. There continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators.

COVID-19 activity showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at baseline levels.

For more information see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data for week 7

Flu activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels. There continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators.

Flu positivity decreased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 12.5%, compared to 13.5% in the previous week. This is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested.

Overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to 4.60 per 100,000 population, compared with 5.18 per 100,000 in the previous week.

In week 7, the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate decreased to 11.3 per 100,000 compared with 12.6 per 100,000 in the previous week.

COVID-19 surveillance data

For COVID-19 in week 7:

activity showed a mixed picture across indicators and was circulating at baseline activity levels
positivity in hospital settings increased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.8% compared with 2.6% in the previous week
hospitalisations decreased slightly to 1.12 per 100,000 compared to 1.20 per 100,000 in the previous week
ICU admissions remained stable at 0.03 per 100,000 compared with 0.04 per 100,000 in the previous week
there were 10 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 7
the highest hospital admission rate was in the North-East, which remained stable at 2.00 per 100,00 compared with 1.95 per 100,000 in the previous week
those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased slightly to 13.47 per 100,000 compared with 14.69 per 100,000 in the previous week

The majority of COVID-19 vaccinations were completed by 20th December 2024 with additional outreach activity occurring to the end of January 2025. As COVID vaccinations have now ended, weekly publication of COVID-19 vaccination uptake has now ceased. Please refer to last week’s report for the latest data.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data

For Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in week 7:

activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall
emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis decreased
RSV positivity remained stable at 2.3% compared with 2.4% in the previous week
overall, hospital admissions decreased to 0.54 per 100,000 compared with 0.79 per 100,000 in the previous week

UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. hMPV is a common respiratory infection in winter and current levels are expected at this time of year. Infections are usually mild, causing symptoms of a common cold and most people have had hMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 7, hMPV laboratory test positivity increased slightly to 4.5% from 4% in the previous week.

Norovirus surveillance data

For norovirus in week 6:

reports in the 2-week period between 27 January to 9 February 2025 were 23.5% higher than the previous 2-week period
the total number of reports was 145.2% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
laboratory reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over

Rotavirus reporting has increased in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 5 and 6 of 2025.

The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 27.1% higher than the 5-season average.

During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (91.6%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (54.3%). An increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored. At present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease).

Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus cases are still exceptionally high and continue to rise, though we are hopeful that the school half term provides a break. It remains important to take steps to avoid passing on the infection.

Norovirus remains high in other settings like hospitals and care homes too, and can be more severe in older adults, younger children and those who are immunocompromised. Please do not visit hospitals and care homes or return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others as you can still pass on the virus.

Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus. Wash your hands with soapy warm water and clean surfaces with bleach-based products where possible to help stop infections from spreading.

Thursday 13 February 2025

Influenza activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels. There continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators
COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at baseline levels

The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report has been published here. The norovirus surveillance report has been published here.

Flu surveillance data for week 6

Flu activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels. There continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators
Flu positivity remained stable with a weekly mean positivity rate of 13.4%, compared to 13.9% in the previous week - this is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested
overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to 5.05 per 100,000 population, compared with 6.60 per 100,000 in the previous week
in week 6, the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate decreased slightly to 12.6 per 100,000 compared with 13.9 per 100,000 in the previous week
reporting of the weekly influenza vaccine uptake for the 2024 to 2025 season has concluded (up to the end of week 4 ending 26 January 2025, vaccine uptake was 39.7% for those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.8% in all pregnant women and 74.6% for all those aged 65 years and over and uptake was 41.4% for children aged 2 years of age and 43.2% for children aged 3 years of age

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 6

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings remained stable with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.6% compared with 2.5% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations remained stable at 1.19 per 100,000 compared to 1.20 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.04 per 100,000 compared with 0.03 per 100,000 in the previous week
there were 12 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 6.
the highest hospital admission rate was in the North-East, which increased to 1.95 per 100,00 compared with 1.16 per 100,000 in the previous week
those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased slightly to 14.46 per 100,000 compared with 15.67 per 100,000 in the previous week.
the majority of COVID-19 vaccinations were completed by 20 December 2024 with additional outreach activity occurring to the end of January 2025.

As COVID vaccinations have now ended, weekly publication of COVID-19 vaccination uptake has now ceased. Please refer to last week’s report for the latest data.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 6

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall
Emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
RSV positivity remained stable at 2.4% compared with 2.5% in the previous week
overall, hospital admissions decreased to 0.80 per 100,000 compared with 1.09 per 100,000 in the previous week

UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. hMPV is a common respiratory infection in winter and current levels are expected at this time of year. Infections are usually mild, causing symptoms of a common cold and most people have had hMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 6, hMPV laboratory test positivity increased slightly to 4.5% from 4.2% in the previous week.

Norovirus surveillance data for week 5

Norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 20 January 2025 to 2 February 2025 were 17.4% higher than the previous 2-week period. The total number of reports was 116.7% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period. Laboratory reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over.

Rotavirus reporting increased in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 4 and 5 of 2025.

The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 22.6% higher than the 5-season average.

During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (91.3%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (54.7%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored — at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease).

Dr Gauri Godbole, Deputy Director at UKHSA said:

Norovirus cases are still exceptionally high and continue to rise. Half term usually provides a bit of a firebreak, so hopefully we will see a fall in numbers in the next few weeks. However, it’s really important that if you have diarrhoea and vomiting, you take steps to avoid passing the infection on. Please avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings.

Do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. This is because you can still pass on the virus in the days after you stop being sick.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Thursday 06 February 2025

In week 5:

influenza (flu) activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels - there continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators
COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall

For more information see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data

In week 5:

flu activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels - there continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators
flu positivity decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 14%, compared to 15.6% in the previous week, this is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested
overall, flu hospitalisations decreased slightly to 6.40 per 100,000 population, compared with 7.00 per 100,000 in the previous week
in week 5, the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate decreased to 13.9 per 100,000 compared with 15.4 per 100,000 in the previous week
reporting of the weekly influenza vaccine uptake for the 2024 to 2025 season concluded last week
up to the end of week 4 (week ending 26 January 2025), vaccine uptake was 39.7% for those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.8% in all pregnant women and 74.6% for all those aged 65 years and over
uptake was 41.4% for children aged 2 years of age and 43.2% for children aged 3 years of age

COVID-19 surveillance data

In week 5:

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings remained stable with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.5% compared with 2.4% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations remained stable at 1.15 per 100,000 compared to 1.12 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.03 per 100,000 compared with 0.03 per 100,000 in the previous week
there were 9 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 4
the highest hospital admission rate was in the North-West, which increased to 1.79 per 100,00 compared with 1.36 per 100,000 in the previous week
those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which increased to 13.84 per 100,000 compared with 11.78 per 100,000 in the previous week
up to the end of week 5 (week ending 2 February 2025), 23.6% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group and 59.3% of all people aged over 65 years old, who are living and resident in England had been vaccinated

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data

In week 5:

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall
emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
RSV positivity decreased to 2.5% compared with 3.9% in the previous week
overall, hospital admissions decreased to 1.06 per 100,000 compared with 1.42 per 100,000 in the previous week

UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report.

hMPV is a common respiratory infection in winter and current levels are expected at this time of year. Infections are usually mild, causing symptoms of a common cold. Most people have had hMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 5, hMPV laboratory test positivity increased slightly to 4.2% from 3.8% in the previous week.

Dr Alexander Allen, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

We’re pleased to see that the downward trend in flu activity has continued into this week.

If you have already had your flu vaccine this season, you can be reassured that the vaccine offers the best defence and protects against multiple strains. The predominant circulating flu strain continues to be A H1N1 clade 5a.2a. and the flu vaccine is well matched.

If you’re eligible and haven’t yet had your flu vaccine, it’s important that you take this offer up if available through local services. This includes anyone recently pregnant or newly diagnosed as in an eligible clinical risk group.

If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data

In week 4:

norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 13 January 2025 to 26 January 2025 were 15% higher than the previous 2-week period
the total number of reports was 114.5% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period - reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over
rotavirus reporting increased in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 3 and 4 of 2025
the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 15.8% higher than the 5-season average
while some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed rise
during the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (90.7%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (55.4%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored - at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease)
laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases
norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs
norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time

Amy Douglas, Epidemiologist at UKHSA said:

Norovirus cases are way above what we would usually see at this time of year and outbreaks in hospitals continue to rise. Just because you’ve had norovirus doesn’t mean you won’t get it again.

It’s really important that if you have diarrhoea and vomiting, you take steps to avoid passing the infection on, including not visiting people in hospitals and care homes.

Do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. This is because you can still pass on the virus in the days after you stop being sick.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Thursday 30 January 2025

This bulletin (formally Weekly Winter Briefing) brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses common in winter.

In week 4:

influenza activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels - there continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators
COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity showed a mixed picture and was circulating at low levels overall

For more information see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data for week 4

Flu activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels. There continues to be an increase in influenza B across some indicators.
Flu positivity decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 15.6%, compared to 27.4% in the previous week. This is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested.
Overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to 7.13 per 100,000 population, compared with 8.51 per 100,000 in the previous week.
For primary care surveillance, due to a technical issue in processing the data, the influenza-like-illness (ILI) consultations indicator has not been updated this week. In week 3, the weekly ILI General Practice (GP) consultation rate decreased to 17 per 100,000 compared with 23.1 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Up to the end of week 4 (week ending 26 January 2025), vaccine uptake was 39.7% for those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.8% in all pregnant women and 74.6% for all those aged 65 years and over. Uptake was 41.4% for children aged 2 years of age and 43.2% for children aged 3 years of age.

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 4

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels.
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings remained stable with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.4% compared with 2.4% in the previous week.
COVID-19 hospitalisations decreased to 1.13 per 100,000 compared to 1.33 per 100,000 in the previous week.
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.03 per 100,000 compared with 0.05 per 100,000 in the previous week.
There were 11 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 4.
The highest hospital admission rate was in the North-East, which decreased to 2.37 per 100,00 compared with 2.74 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased to 11.86 per 100,000 compared with 15.14 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Up to the end of week 4 (week ending 26 January 2025), 23.6% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group and 59.3% of all people aged over 65 years old, who are living and resident in England had been vaccinated.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 4

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity showed a mixed picture and was circulating at low levels overall.
Emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable.
RSV positivity decreased slightly to 3.8% compared with 4.2% in the previous week.
Overall, hospital admissions increased to 1.42 per 100,000 compared with 1.20 per 100,000 in the previous week.
UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. hMPV is a common respiratory infection in winter and current levels are expected at this time of year. Infections are usually mild, causing symptoms of a common cold and most people have had hMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 4, hMPV laboratory test positivity decreased to 3.9% from 4.5% in the previous week.

Dr Alexander Allen, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

We’re continuing to see flu activity decrease, which is really promising at this stage in the season. People are still reminded to take protective measures to ensure we keep cases down as we have seen a recent increase in cases of influenza B amongst children, although this is to be expected at this time of year.

The vaccine offers the best defence against flu and protects against multiple flu strains, including B strains. The predominant circulating flu strain continues to be A H1N1 clade 5a.2a. Analysis by UKHSA laboratory scientists shows that the H1N1 component of the flu vaccine is well matched.

If you’re eligible and have not yet had your flu vaccine, it’s important that you take this offer up if available through local services. This includes anyone recently pregnant or newly diagnosed as in an eligible clinical risk group.

If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data for week 3

Norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 6 January 2025 to 19 January 2025 were 18.3% higher than the previous 2-week period. The total number of reports was 113.3% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period. Reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over.
Rotavirus reporting has started to increase again in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 2 and 3 of 2025.
The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 14.3% higher than the 5-season average.
While some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed rise.
During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (90.4%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (56.3%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored — at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it is not accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease)
Laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases.
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Epidemiologist at UKHSA said:

Norovirus cases are over double what we would usually see at this time of year. This isn’t just unpleasant for those affected - it’s having a big impact on hospitals and care homes.

It’s really important that if you have diarrhoea and vomiting, you take steps to avoid passing the infection on. Please avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings.

Do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. This is because you can still pass on the virus in the days after you stop being sick.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so do not rely on these alone.

Thursday 23 January 2025

This bulletin (formally Weekly Winter Briefing) brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses common in winter.

In week 3:

influenza activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels; however, laboratory surveillance indicated an increase in influenza B
COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels of activity

For more information see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data for week 3

Flu activity overall decreased across most indicators and was at medium activity levels. However, laboratory surveillance indicated an increase in influenza B.
Flu positivity decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 17.5%, compared to 21.1% in the previous week. This is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested.
Overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to 8.41 per 100,000 population, compared with 9.92 per 100,000 in the previous week.
The weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) general practice (GP) consultation rate decreased to 17 per 100,000 compared with 23.1 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Up to the end of week 3 (week ending 19 January 2025), vaccine uptake was 39.5% for those aged under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.5% in all pregnant women and 74.4% for all those aged 65 years and over. Uptake was 41.2% for children aged 2 years of age and 43% for children aged 3 years of age.
Some indicators suggested an increase in flu activity in children over the last week, this is in line with an expected increase in respiratory virus activity in children following the post Christmas return to school.

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 3

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels.
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings increased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.4%, compared to 2.2% in the previous week.
COVID-19 hospitalisations remained stable at 1.32 per 100,000 compared to 1.35 per 100,000 in the previous week.
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.04 per 100,000 compared with 0.04 per 100,000 in the previous week.
There were 10 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 3.
The highest hospital admission rate was in the North-East, which remained stable at 2.74 per 100,000, compared with 2.78 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased slightly to 14.65 per 100,000 compared with 15.45 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Up to the end of week 3 (week ending 19 January 2025), 23.6% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group and 59.3% of all people aged over 65 years old, who are living and resident in England had been vaccinated.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 3

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall.
Emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis increased.
RSV positivity decreased slightly to 4.2% compared with 4.7% in the previous week.
Overall, hospital admissions decreased to 1.21 per 100,000 compared with 1.57 per 100,000 in the previous week.
UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. Most people have had hMPV by the time they are 5 years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 3, Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) laboratory test positivity increased to 4.9% from 3.5% in the previous week.

Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

It’s encouraging that flu activity is continuing to decrease this week and is currently circulating at medium levels. Flu positivity has decreased by 3.6% this week, but we should remember that flu season is not over yet and people should continue to take protective measures to keep us on this downward trend.

We’re monitoring a slight increase in Influenza B positivity this week, which is to be expected towards the end of winter and the vaccine protects against multiple flu strains, including B. The predominant circulating flu strain continues to be A H1N1 clade 5a.2a. Analysis by UKHSA laboratory scientists shows that the H1N1 component of the flu vaccine is well matched.

If you’re eligible and have not yet had your flu vaccine, it’s important that you take this offer up if available through local services. This includes anyone recently pregnant or newly diagnosed as in an eligible clinical risk group.

If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses.

Norovirus surveillance data for week 2

Norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 30 December 2024 to 12 January 2025 were 12% higher than the previous 2-week period. The total number of reports was 89.8% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.
Rotavirus reporting has started to increase again in recent weeks but was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 1 and 2 of 2025.
The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 7.2% higher than the 5-season average.
During weeks 1 and 2 of 2025, reporting remained highest in adults aged 65 years and over.
While some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed rise.
During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (90.5%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (58%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored — at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease).
Laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases.
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Epidemiologist at UKHSA said:

Norovirus activity has remained high in recent weeks and has started to increase again, as we expected following the post-Christmas return to school and work.

If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, you can take steps to avoid passing the infection on. Do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and do not prepare food for others in that time either. If you are unwell, avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings. Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so do not rely on these alone.

Thursday 16 January 2025

This bulletin (formally Weekly Winter Briefing) brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses common in winter.

In week 2:

influenza (flu) activity showed a mixed picture with some recent decline, and was circulating at medium levels
COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels of activity

For more information, see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data for week 2

Flu activity showed a mixed picture with some indicators suggesting that activity may have reached a peak, and declined in recent weeks to medium levels
Flu positivity decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 20.9%, compared to 28.4% in the previous week (this is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested)
Overall, flu hospitalisations decreased to medium levels of 9.47 per 100,000 population, compared with 13.43 per 100,000 in the previous week.
The weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate increased to 23.1 per 100,000 compared with 20.6 per 100,000 in the previous week. Note that this is not considered to indicate rising activity as it follows two weeks with bank holidays, in which the number of GP appointments available was reduced
Up to the end of week 2 (week ending 12 January 2025), vaccine uptake stood at 39.1% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 34.2% in all pregnant women and 74.1% in all those aged 65 years and over, 41.1% of children aged 2 years of age and 42.7% of children aged 3 years of age have been vaccinated

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 2

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.1%, compared to 2.3% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations remained stable at 1.34 per 100,000 compared to 1.39 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.04 per 100,000 compared with 0.06 per 100,000 in the previous week
There were 8 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 2
The highest hospital admission rate was in the North-East, which remained stable at 2.74 per 100,000, compared with 2.78 per 100,000 in the previous week
Those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which remained stable at 15.47 per 100,000 compared with 15.13 per 100,000 in the previous week
Up to the end of week 2 (week ending 12 January 2025), 23.6% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group and 59.2% of all people aged over 65 years old, who are living and resident in England had been vaccinated

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 2

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall
Emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis decreased
RSV positivity decreased to 4.7% compared with 6.2% in the previous week
Overall, hospital admissions decreased to 1.52 per 100,000 compared with 2.10 per 100,000 in the previous week
UKHSA monitors Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) detections in patients seen in GP practices or tested by hospital laboratories and reports on this in the weekly surveillance report. Most people have had hMPV by the time they are five years old and catch it again throughout their lives. In week 2, Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) laboratory test positivity decreased to 3.5% from 4.6% in the previous week

Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Flu activity is currently heading in the right direction, falling from high to medium levels overall this week. One of our key indicators is the percentage of positive flu tests, and this has come down from 28% to 21%. This is promising but we are nowhere near out of flu season yet. Mixing increases in January as people return to workplaces and schools which increases the chances for flu viruses to spread.

We urge everyone to do their bit to keep us on this downward trend. If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses.

If you’re eligible and haven’t yet had your flu vaccine, it’s important that you take this offer up if available through local services. This includes anyone recently pregnant or newly diagnosed as in an eligible clinical risk group.

The vaccine protects against multiple flu strains and we are monitoring influenza type B activity closely as this can rise towards the end of winter. The predominant circulating flu strain continues to be A H1N1 clade 5a.2a. Analysis by UKHSA laboratory scientists shows that the H1N1 component of the flu vaccine is well matched.

Norovirus surveillance data for week 1

Norovirus reports in the 2-week period between 23 December to 05 January 2024 were 6.7% lower than the previous 2-week period, although have increased in week 1 of 2025.
The decrease over the festive period has also been seen in previous years should be interpreted with caution as likely reflects changes in patterns of healthcare use, social mixing and lagged reporting due to the Christmas holidays, as well as the impact of school holidays. However, the total number of reports was 70.1% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.
Rotavirus reporting has decreased in recent weeks and was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 52 of 2024 and 1 of 2025.
The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 8.7% higher than the 5-season average.
Norovirus reporting remained high across all regions of England and all age groups, with the highest number of reports in adults aged 65 years and over.
While some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed rise.
During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (90.4%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (58.1%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored — at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease)
Laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases.
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Epidemiologist at UKHSA said:

Norovirus activity remains high.

If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, you can take steps to avoid passing the infection on. Do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. If you are unwell, avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings. > Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Thursday 09 January 2025

This bulletin (formally Weekly Winter Briefing) brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses common in winter.

In week 1:

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was at baseline activity levels
influenza (flu) activity showed a mixed picture with some indicators suggesting that activity may have reached a peak, though activity remains at high levels
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels

For more information, see the flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report and norovirus surveillance report.

Flu surveillance data for week 1

Flu activity showed a mixed picture with some indicators suggesting that activity may have reached a peak, though activity remains at high levels
flu positivity decreased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 28.1%, compared to 29.7% in the previous week. This is based on a percentage of people who test positive among those with symptoms tested at sentinel “spotter” laboratories, reported through the Respiratory DataMart surveillance system
overall, flu hospitalisations remained stable at 13.41 per 100,000, compared with 13.90 per 100,000 in the previous week
the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate increased to 20.6 per 100,000 compared with 13.9 per 100,000 in the previous week
up to the end of week 1, vaccine uptake stood at 38.6% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group, 33.8% in all pregnant women and 73.8% in all those aged 65 years and over. 40.9% of children aged 2 years of age and 42.5% of children aged 3 years of age have been vaccinated

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 1

COVID-19 activity remained stable across most indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 2.2%, compared to 2.5% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations remained stable at 1.39 per 100,000 compared to 1.32 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 ICU admissions remained stable at 0.06 per 100,000 compared with 0.04 per 100,000 in the previous week
there were 12 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 1
the highest hospital admission rate was in the North-East at 2.78 per 100,000, increasing from 1.68 per 100,000 in the previous week
those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which increased to 15.36 per 100,000 compared with 12.64 per 100,000 in the previous week
up to the end of week 1, 23.5% of those under 65 years in a clinical risk group and 59.1% of all people aged over 65 years old, who are living and resident in England had been vaccinated

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 1

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity decreased across most indicators and was circulating at low levels overall
emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis decreased
RSV positivity decreased slightly to 6.2% compared with 7.2% in the previous week
overall, hospital admissions decreased to 2.14 per 100,000 compared with 2.48 per 100,000 in the previous week

Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

We are continuing to see high levels of flu this week and ongoing admissions to hospitals and intensive care. Although activity has remained stable coming into the new year, influenza activity can be unpredictable as people return to work and school and opportunities for the virus to spread can increase.

The predominant circulating flu strain continues to be A H1N1 clade 5a.2a, and the World Health Organization has so far concluded that the H1 component of the flu vaccine is well matched. If you’re still offered a vaccine through local services, it’s important that you take this up, including if you are pregnant or a health and social care worker.

If you have symptoms of flu or COVID-19 such as a high temperature, cough and feeling tired and achy, try to limit your contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses.

Norovirus surveillance data for week 52

Norovirus activity has decreased in recent weeks, with reports in the 2-week period between 16 to 29 December 2024 12.1% lower than the previous 2-week period. The decrease over the festive period has also been seen in previous years and should be interpreted with caution as it likely reflects changes in patterns of healthcare use, social mixing and lagged reporting due to the Christmas holidays, as well as the impact of school holidays. However, the total number of reports was 63.6% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.
Rotavirus reporting has decreased in recent weeks and was within expected levels during the 2-week period of weeks 51 and 52.
The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2024/2025 season is 11.7% higher than the 5-season average.
Norovirus reporting remained high across all regions of England and all age groups, with the highest number of reports in adults aged 65 years and over.
While some of the increased reporting may be attributable to the increased use of PCR multiplex technology (capable of detecting multiple gastrointestinal pathogens in one test), it is likely that the emergence of an unusual norovirus genotype, GII.17, as well as changes in the epidemiology following the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors are contributing to the observed high levels.
During the 2024/2025 season to date, the majority (89.5%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequently identified genotype was GII.17 (59.7%), an increase of this genotype has also been observed in other counties during 2024 and is being closely monitored — at present there is no indication it leads to more severe illness (note: it isn’t accurate to refer to GII.17 as ‘Kawasaki’ and this term is causing confusion with Kawasaki Disease, which is an unrelated disease)
Laboratory reports represent just a small proportion of total norovirus cases and it has been estimated that for every case of norovirus reported to national surveillance in the UK there are about 288 in the community that go unreported, representing an annual burden of around 3 million cases.
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Although there was a decrease in reports of norovirus over the festive period, cases still remain high and we expect levels to rise further with the return to school.

If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, you can take steps to avoid passing the infection on. Do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. If you are unwell, avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Published 6 February 2025
Last updated 6 March 2025 + show all updates

6 March 2025
Updated with latest winter surveillance report for week 9.
27 February 2025
Updated with latest version.
20 February 2025
Updated with latest release.
13 February 2025
Updated with latest version.
6 February 2025
First published.

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Flu and COVID-19 surveillance reports bulletin 2025

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Thursday 6 March 2025

Flu surveillance data

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Thursday 27 February 2025

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Thursday 20 February 2025

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Thursday 13 February 2025

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Thursday 06 February 2025

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Norovirus surveillance data

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Thursday 30 January 2025

Flu surveillance data for week 4

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Norovirus surveillance data for week 3

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Thursday 23 January 2025

Flu surveillance data for week 3

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 3

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 3

Norovirus surveillance data for week 2

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Thursday 16 January 2025

Flu surveillance data for week 2

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 2

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 2

Norovirus surveillance data for week 1

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Thursday 09 January 2025

Flu surveillance data for week 1

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 1

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 1

Norovirus surveillance data for week 52

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