Guidance

1,2-dibromoethane: general information

Updated 5 March 2025

Overview

1,2-dibromoethane is also known as ethylene dibromide and EDB. It is non-flammable, colourless liquid with a sweet odour. It is used in the production of other industrial chemical and pharmaceuticals.

1,2-dibromoethane was previously used as an additive in leaded petrol and as pesticide.

In the event of fire involving 1,2-dichloromethane, use fine water spray and chemical protective clothing with liquid-tight connections and breathing apparatus.

Uses of 1,2-dibromoethane

1,2-dibromoethane is used in the production of resins, gums, waxes, dyes and pharmaceuticals. It is also used to produce other industrial chemicals. In the past, 1,2‑dibromoethane was used as an additive in leaded petrol and as a pesticide.

How 1,2-dibromoethane gets into the environment

It is released into the environment during its production and use.

Exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane

The general public may be exposed to very low levels of 1,2-dibromoethane as a contaminant in air or drinking water.

Exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane is more likely to occur in an occupational setting. However, safe limits are enforced to protect the employees; such levels are below those that are thought to cause harmful effects.

How exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane can affect your health

The presence of 1,2-dibromoethane in the environment does not always lead to exposure. In order for it to cause any adverse health effects you must come into contact with it. You may be exposed to 1,2-dibromoethane by breathing or ingesting the substance, or by contact with skin or eyes with it. Following exposure to any chemical, the adverse health effects you may encounter depend on several factors, including the amount to which you are exposed (dose), the way you are exposed, the duration of exposure, the form of the chemical and if you were exposed to any other chemicals.

Breathing in vapours of 1,2-dibromoethane can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. In severe cases an accumulation of fluid in the lungs may occur. Ingestion of 1,2‑dibromoethane can cause stomach upset and ulceration of the mouth, throat and stomach. Skin contact with 1,2-dibromoethane may cause blistering, redness and ulceration. Prolonged skin contact can cause chemical burns.

1,2-dibromoethane can also be absorbed into the body following inhalation, ingestion or prolonged skin exposure causing dizziness, drowsiness, headache and heart, kidney and liver problems.

Eye exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane can cause irritation and in severe cases eye damage.

1,2-dibromoethane and cancer

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified 1,2-dibromoethane as probably having the ability to cause cancer in humans.

Pregnancy and the unborn child

Due to lack of data it is not possible to assess the reproductive and developmental effects of 1,2-dibromoethane. It is unlikely that exposure to low concentrations of 1,2-dibromoethane which do not affect the mother would result in harm to the unborn child.

Children

Children exposed to 1,2-dibromoethane are likely to experience similar health effects as adults.

What to do if you are exposed to 1,2-dibromoethane

It is very unlikely that the general population will be exposed to a level of 1,2-dibromoethane high enough to cause adverse health effects. However, if you have any health concerns regarding exposure to 1,2-dibromoethane seek guidance from your GP or contact NHS 111.

Additional sources of information

UKTIS. Best Use of Medicines in Pregnancy

The information contained in this document from the UKHSA Radiation, Chemicals, Climate, and Environmental Hazards Directorate is correct at the time of its publication.

Email chemcompendium@ukhsa.gov.uk if you have any questions about this guidance or enquiries@ukhsa.gov.uk if you have any other questions.

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