Research and analysis

Data tables for Figures 1 to 8b

Published 3 December 2021

This was published under the 2019 to 2022 Johnson Conservative government

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Figure 1

Percentage of people who said they were likely to accept or had already accepted the COVID-19 vaccine, by ethnicity and research period

Ethnic group 10 December 2020 to 10 January 2021 23 June to 18 July 2021
Black 49% 79%
Other 65% 95%
Asian 72% 94%
Mixed 80% 93%
White 85% 96%

Figure 2a

Risk of death involving COVID-19 compared with White British people, expressed as hazard ratios, by ethnicity and sex during the first wave of the pandemic (24 January to 11 September 2020)

Ethnic group Sex Model Hazard ratio Lower 95% confidence limit Upper 95% confidence limit
Bangladeshi Male Adjusted for age 3 2.55 3.53
Bangladeshi Male Residence type 3.48 2.96 4.1
Bangladeshi Male Geography 2.14 1.8 2.54
Bangladeshi Male Socio-economic factors 1.66 1.4 1.98
Bangladeshi Male Health variables interacted with age 1.29 1.08 1.53
Black African Male Adjusted for age 3.7 3.3 4.14
Black African Male Residence type 3.91 3.49 4.38
Black African Male Geography 2.35 2.09 2.65
Black African Male Socio-economic factors 2.05 1.82 2.31
Black African Male Health variables interacted with age 2.24 1.99 2.52
Black Caribbean Male Adjusted for age 2.66 2.44 2.9
Black Caribbean Male Residence type 2.62 2.4 2.85
Black Caribbean Male Geography 1.59 1.45 1.74
Black Caribbean Male Socio-economic factors 1.46 1.33 1.59
Black Caribbean Male Health variables interacted with age 1.4 1.28 1.53
Chinese Male Adjusted for age 1.39 1.11 1.74
Chinese Male Residence type 1.49 1.19 1.86
Chinese Male Geography 1.08 0.86 1.36
Chinese Male Socio-economic factors 1.12 0.89 1.41
Chinese Male Health variables interacted with age 1.2 0.96 1.51
Indian Male Adjusted for age 1.85 1.72 2.01
Indian Male Residence type 2.05 1.9 2.22
Indian Male Geography 1.38 1.27 1.5
Indian Male Socio-economic factors 1.42 1.3 1.54
Indian Male Health variables interacted with age 1.34 1.23 1.46
Mixed Male Adjusted for age 1.58 1.34 1.87
Mixed Male Residence type 1.64 1.39 1.94
Mixed Male Geography 1.23 1.05 1.46
Mixed Male Socio-economic factors 1.1 0.93 1.3
Mixed Male Health variables interacted with age 1.12 0.95 1.32
Other Male Adjusted for age 2.11 1.93 2.32
Other Male Residence type 2.26 2.06 2.48
Other Male Geography 1.54 1.4 1.7
Other Male Socio-economic factors 1.38 1.25 1.52
Other Male Health variables interacted with age 1.39 1.26 1.53
Pakistani Male Adjusted for age 2.21 2 2.45
Pakistani Male Residence type 2.57 2.32 2.85
Pakistani Male Geography 1.7 1.53 1.89
Pakistani Male Socio-economic factors 1.46 1.31 1.62
Pakistani Male Health variables interacted with age 1.22 1.09 1.36
White other Male Adjusted for age 1.31 1.22 1.4
White other Male Residence type 1.3 1.21 1.39
White other Male Geography 1.01 0.94 1.09
White other Male Socio-economic factors 0.99 0.92 1.06
White other Male Health variables interacted with age 0.95 0.88 1.02
Bangladeshi Female Adjusted for age 1.93 1.5 2.47
Bangladeshi Female Residence type 2.27 1.77 2.91
Bangladeshi Female Geography 1.35 1.04 1.75
Bangladeshi Female Socio-economic factors 0.86 0.66 1.13
Bangladeshi Female Health variables interacted with age 0.82 0.63 1.07
Black African Female Adjusted for age 2.61 2.24 3.05
Black African Female Residence type 2.93 2.51 3.43
Black African Female Geography 1.8 1.54 2.12
Black African Female Socio-economic factors 1.36 1.16 1.6
Black African Female Health variables interacted with age 1.52 1.29 1.79
Black Caribbean Female Adjusted for age 1.81 1.63 2.03
Black Caribbean Female Residence type 2.03 1.82 2.27
Black Caribbean Female Geography 1.21 1.08 1.36
Black Caribbean Female Socio-economic factors 1.11 0.99 1.25
Black Caribbean Female Health variables interacted with age 1.04 0.93 1.17
Chinese Female Adjusted for age 1.2 0.92 1.56
Chinese Female Residence type 1.34 1.03 1.74
Chinese Female Geography 1.03 0.79 1.34
Chinese Female Socio-economic factors 1.05 0.81 1.37
Chinese Female Health variables interacted with age 1.38 1.05 1.8
Indian Female Adjusted for age 1.62 1.46 1.79
Indian Female Residence type 1.85 1.68 2.05
Indian Female Geography 1.24 1.11 1.38
Indian Female Socio-economic factors 1.15 1.04 1.29
Indian Female Health variables interacted with age 1.16 1.04 1.3
Mixed Female Adjusted for age 1.52 1.26 1.84
Mixed Female Residence type 1.6 1.33 1.93
Mixed Female Geography 1.27 1.05 1.53
Mixed Female Socio-economic factors 1.14 0.95 1.38
Mixed Female Health variables interacted with age 1.08 0.89 1.3
Other Female Adjusted for age 1.71 1.52 1.93
Other Female Residence type 1.89 1.68 2.13
Other Female Geography 1.32 1.16 1.49
Other Female Socio-economic factors 1.12 0.99 1.27
Other Female Health variables interacted with age 1.17 1.03 1.32
Pakistani Female Adjusted for age 2.01 1.75 2.31
Pakistani Female Residence type 2.43 2.11 2.79
Pakistani Female Geography 1.64 1.42 1.89
Pakistani Female Socio-economic factors 1.22 1.05 1.41
Pakistani Female Health variables interacted with age 1.02 0.88 1.18
White other Female Adjusted for age 1.03 0.96 1.12
White other Female Residence type 1.07 0.99 1.15
White other Female Geography 0.86 0.79 0.93
White other Female Socio-economic factors 0.85 0.78 0.92
White other Female Health variables interacted with age 0.82 0.76 0.89

Figure 2b

Risk of death involving COVID-19 compared with White British people, expressed as hazard ratios, by ethnicity and sex during the second wave of the pandemic (12 September 2020 to 31 March 2021)

Ethnic group Sex Model Hazard ratio Lower 95% confidence limit Upper 95% confidence limit
Bangladeshi Male Adjusted for age 4.96 4.49 5.48
Bangladeshi Male Residence type 5.51 4.99 6.08
Bangladeshi Male Geography 4.04 3.63 4.5
Bangladeshi Male Socio-economic factors 3.19 2.86 3.57
Bangladeshi Male Health variables interacted with age 2.45 2.19 2.74
Black African Male Adjusted for age 2.16 1.93 2.42
Black African Male Residence type 2.21 1.97 2.47
Black African Male Geography 1.79 1.59 2.01
Black African Male Socio-economic factors 1.58 1.4 1.77
Black African Male Health variables interacted with age 1.72 1.53 1.94
Black Caribbean Male Adjusted for age 1.69 1.55 1.83
Black Caribbean Male Residence type 1.66 1.52 1.8
Black Caribbean Male Geography 1.33 1.22 1.45
Black Caribbean Male Socio-economic factors 1.21 1.11 1.32
Black Caribbean Male Health variables interacted with age 1.19 1.09 1.3
Chinese Male Adjusted for age 1.11 0.91 1.34
Chinese Male Residence type 1.15 0.95 1.4
Chinese Male Geography 1.01 0.83 1.23
Chinese Male Socio-economic factors 1.06 0.87 1.28
Chinese Male Health variables interacted with age 1.13 0.93 1.37
Indian Male Adjusted for age 1.95 1.84 2.07
Indian Male Residence type 2.1 1.98 2.22
Indian Male Geography 1.76 1.65 1.88
Indian Male Socio-economic factors 1.81 1.7 1.93
Indian Male Health variables interacted with age 1.68 1.58 1.8
Mixed Male Adjusted for age 1.39 1.22 1.59
Mixed Male Residence type 1.42 1.24 1.63
Mixed Male Geography 1.25 1.09 1.43
Mixed Male Socio-economic factors 1.11 0.97 1.27
Mixed Male Health variables interacted with age 1.11 0.97 1.28
Other Male Adjusted for age 1.73 1.6 1.87
Other Male Residence type 1.79 1.65 1.93
Other Male Geography 1.54 1.42 1.67
Other Male Socio-economic factors 1.39 1.28 1.51
Other Male Health variables interacted with age 1.39 1.28 1.51
Pakistani Male Adjusted for age 3.4 3.19 3.63
Pakistani Male Residence type 3.79 3.55 4.04
Pakistani Male Geography 2.85 2.67 3.06
Pakistani Male Socio-economic factors 2.45 2.28 2.63
Pakistani Male Health variables interacted with age 2.04 1.9 2.2
White other Male Adjusted for age 1.06 1 1.13
White other Male Residence type 1.05 0.99 1.12
White other Male Geography 0.96 0.91 1.02
White other Male Socio-economic factors 0.94 0.88 1
White other Male Health variables interacted with age 0.91 0.86 0.97
Bangladeshi Female Adjusted for age 4.11 3.62 4.66
Bangladeshi Female Residence type 4.67 4.11 5.3
Bangladeshi Female Geography 3.24 2.82 3.72
Bangladeshi Female Socio-economic factors 2.09 1.8 2.42
Bangladeshi Female Health variables interacted with age 1.93 1.67 2.24
Black African Female Adjusted for age 1.62 1.4 1.88
Black African Female Residence type 1.77 1.53 2.04
Black African Female Geography 1.45 1.25 1.69
Black African Female Socio-economic factors 1.12 0.96 1.3
Black African Female Health variables interacted with age 1.22 1.05 1.42
Black Caribbean Female Adjusted for age 1.35 1.23 1.49
Black Caribbean Female Residence type 1.49 1.35 1.63
Black Caribbean Female Geography 1.18 1.07 1.31
Black Caribbean Female Socio-economic factors 1.09 0.99 1.21
Black Caribbean Female Health variables interacted with age 1.01 0.91 1.12
Chinese Female Adjusted for age 0.92 0.74 1.15
Chinese Female Residence type 1 0.8 1.26
Chinese Female Geography 0.91 0.72 1.14
Chinese Female Socio-economic factors 0.94 0.75 1.18
Chinese Female Health variables interacted with age 1.25 1 1.57
Indian Female Adjusted for age 1.57 1.46 1.69
Indian Female Residence type 1.75 1.62 1.89
Indian Female Geography 1.51 1.39 1.63
Indian Female Socio-economic factors 1.42 1.31 1.54
Indian Female Health variables interacted with age 1.42 1.3 1.54
Mixed Female Adjusted for age 1.36 1.17 1.58
Mixed Female Residence type 1.41 1.22 1.64
Mixed Female Geography 1.31 1.13 1.52
Mixed Female Socio-economic factors 1.18 1.02 1.37
Mixed Female Health variables interacted with age 1.1 0.94 1.27
Other Female Adjusted for age 1.5 1.37 1.65
Other Female Residence type 1.61 1.47 1.77
Other Female Geography 1.42 1.29 1.57
Other Female Socio-economic factors 1.23 1.12 1.36
Other Female Health variables interacted with age 1.29 1.17 1.43
Pakistani Female Adjusted for age 2.84 2.6 3.1
Pakistani Female Residence type 3.28 3.01 3.58
Pakistani Female Geography 2.47 2.26 2.71
Pakistani Female Socio-economic factors 1.83 1.66 2.02
Pakistani Female Health variables interacted with age 1.5 1.36 1.65
White other Female Adjusted for age 0.9 0.85 0.96
White other Female Residence type 0.93 0.87 0.99
White other Female Geography 0.87 0.82 0.93
White other Female Socio-economic factors 0.86 0.8 0.91
White other Female Health variables interacted with age 0.83 0.78 0.88

Figure 3

Monthly age-standardised confirmed COVID-19 case rate per 100,000 person-years in England, by ethnic group (March 2020 to October 2021)

Time period White Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Chinese Asian Other Mixed Any other Black African Black Caribbean Black Other
Mar-2020 544.4 1319.1 1582.8 1328.2 795.8 2127 992.4 1445.2 2936.7 2189.6 5080.4
Apr-2020 2072.1 3562.4 3366.7 2597.6 2005.9 5895.7 2494.5 3902.4 4667.1 3360 7922.6
May-2020 1195.6 1650.5 1918.8 806.1 416.7 1881.3 993.9 1494.4 1522.6 789.1 2223
Jun-2020 407 1544.8 3177.7 1046 179.1 835.8 447.9 648.5 617.2 346.7 514.6
Jul-2020 247.2 1493.4 3176.1 1056.7 107.3 726.2 293.2 582.8 554.5 295.1 581
Aug-2020 418.9 1515 4249.2 1710.9 142 1041 564.4 1155.9 1216.4 621.2 875.1
Sep-2020 2335.6 4816.1 10716.2 5543.5 797.5 3289.8 2074.2 3632.5 2772.1 2274.3 2342
Oct-2020 9517.3 13885.4 24309.2 14160.7 3934.6 10022.3 7438.1 11266.6 7637.2 7081.9 6662.9
Nov-2020 10438.3 16668.4 27947.4 23010.2 3737.1 13829.9 8327.1 14768.8 10581.1 9028 9674.9
Dec-2020 15917.2 29288.3 30274 48090.4 9330.7 29453.4 17905.1 31686.8 24812.8 25903.1 24192.8
Jan-2021 19722.6 36202 41032 52757.5 12910.5 38727.9 21989.9 37022.5 39280.4 39311.2 37956.7
Feb-2021 6272.8 9219.7 13925 9008.1 2950.5 8296.9 5467.3 9217.8 8040.6 7442.8 8206.4
Mar-2021 2597.7 3386.3 7183.8 3472.7 1329 2949.6 2075.4 3885.9 3015.2 2245.2 2757.3
Apr-2021 1025.7 2356.1 4215.1 2091.8 908.8 1823.9 984.8 2013.9 1476.6 938.7 1036.6
May-2021 1023.1 2888 3906.5 2342.3 793.8 2026.5 1079.6 2436.5 1640.7 1145.5 1084.5
Jun-2021 6258.1 5276 7545.7 6126 3250.5 5105.4 5745.1 6874.6 5598.3 6366 4259.9
Jul-2021 20057.1 13594.4 14202.7 12558.3 7513.5 12552.5 16946.2 16503.7 14949.4 22924.9 12869.7
Aug-2021 16315.2 14853.4 14401.7 15676.3 6156.7 12136.4 14955.4 14841.6 14578.4 26062.8 14686.6
Sep-2021 16647.3 16217.4 13396.1 12663.9 10159.9 12799.8 12800.8 14091.7 11278.9 15512.8 9877.1
Oct-2021 22784.8 21668.8 15804.6 14179.8 17063.8 15559.7 15882.2 16750 11226.6 13420.7 9200.1

Figure 4

Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving COVID-19 for men and women, by ethnicity and age group (24 January 2020 to 31 March 2021)

Ethnic group Sex 30 to 64 years 65 to 100 years
Bangladeshi Male 293.9 3722.9
Pakistani Male 207.8 2702
Black African Male 173.2 2297.6
Black Caribbean Male 128.6 2219.9
Indian Male 149.7 1747
Other Male 125.5 1682.5
Mixed Male 72.4 1581.4
White other Male 54.4 1300.6
Chinese Male 48.4 1249.1
White British Male 46.5 1138
Bangladeshi Female 144.3 1800.9
Pakistani Female 119.9 1421.3
Black African Female 77.8 988.3
Black Caribbean Female 70 1068.1
Indian Female 59.7 1043.9
Other Female 55.7 1055.1
Mixed Female 47.3 976.8
White other Female 21.5 696.6
Chinese Female 21.9 795.7
White British Female 30.2 725.2

Figure 5

Cumulative age-standardised COVID-19 case rates per 100,000 people in England, expressed as a relative rate compared with the white ethnic group, by ethnicity and age group (March 2020 to October 2021)

Ethnicity 24 and under 25 to 49 50 to 64 65 and over
Bangladeshi 0.8 1.5 2 2.5
Black African 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.7
Black Caribbean 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.4
Chinese 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7
Indian 1.0 1.1 1.6 2
Mixed 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9
Other 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6
Asian Other 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.8
Black Other 0.5 1.1 1.2 2.3
Pakistani 0.9 1.5 2.1 3.1
White 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Figure 6

Odds ratios for self-reported long COVID of at least 12 weeks compared with the white ethnic group, by ethnicity: detailed employment sector data (5 April to 2 May 2021)

Ethnic group Estimate (unadjusted) Lower 95% confidence limit Upper 95% confidence limit Estimate (adjusted) Lower 95% confidence limit Upper 95% confidence limit Estimate (adjusted, confirmed COVID-19 cases only) Lower 95% confidence limit Upper 95% confidence limit
Asian 0.61 0.49 0.75 0.8 0.65 0.99 0.59 0.45 0.78
Black 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.45 1.03 0.61 0.37 1.02
Mixed 0.74 0.57 0.97 1.14 0.87 1.5 0.98 0.66 1.45
Other 0.91 0.63 1.33 1.14 0.78 1.67 1.08 0.66 1.76

Figure 7

Percentage of people who said they were likely to accept or had already accepted the COVID-19 vaccine, by ethnicity and research period

Ethnic group 10 December 2020 to 10 January 2021 23 June to 18 July 2021
Black 49% 79%
Other 65% 95%
Asian 72% 94%
Mixed 80% 93%
White 85% 96%

Figure 8a

Percentage of people aged over 50 years who had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine by 7 April and by 31 October 2021, by ethnicity

Ethnic group Vaccinated by 7 April 2021 Vaccinated by 31 October 2021
Black Caribbean 61.6% 68.3%
Black Other 62.7% 71.9%
Black African 64.9% 75.1%
Mixed White and Black Caribbean 68.1% 74.8%
Mixed White and Black African 69.0% 76.9%
Pakistani 73.1% 83.7%
Any Other 73.4% 78.5%
Chinese 74.5% 79.3%
White Other 77.4% 80.1%
Mixed Other 78.6% 82.9%
Mixed White and Asian 81.3% 86.1%
Asian Other 81.6% 86.5%
Bangladeshi 83.7% 90.4%
Indian 86.3% 90.2%
White Irish 88.5% 90.7%
White British 93.8% 95.6%

Figure 8b

Percentage of people aged over 50 years who had received both COVID-19 vaccines by 31 May and by 31 October 2021, by ethnicity

Ethnic group Vaccinated by 31 May 2021 Vaccinated by 31 October 2021
Black Other 46.0% 67.4%
Black African 48.3% 70.6%
Black Caribbean 48.5% 64.4%
Mixed White and Black African 52.3% 73.0%
Mixed White and Black Caribbean 52.5% 71.2%
Pakistani 54.2% 78.8%
Chinese 56.7% 77.2%
Any Other 57.6% 75.6%
White Other 63.4% 78.1%
Bangladeshi 63.7% 87.0%
Mixed Other 63.9% 80.4%
Mixed White and Asian 65.4% 83.8%
Asian Other 66.7% 83.9%
Indian 74.2% 88.1%
White Irish 78.4% 88.9%
White British 81.2% 94.3%

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