Laboratory reports of hepatitis C in England and Wales: April to June 2022
Published 3 February 2025
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2025
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Between April and June 2022, a total of 4,646 laboratory reports of hepatitis C were reported to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) (previously PHE).
There was a 52% increase in the number of reports compared to the first quarter of 2021 (n=2,432). This increase is due to the addition of previously missing backdated confirmed hepatitis C laboratory reports originating from either the private laboratory Abbott (formerly known as Alere), or a laboratory from the North West region.
Since 2017, one laboratory in north-west England has undertaken HCV dried blood spot testing alongside hepatitis C routine laboratory testing. This single laboratory has taken on testing for a large part of the country; however, some samples where geographical information is lacking may have been incorrectly assigned to this specific laboratory rather than the laboratory from which the sample originated.
Age and sex were well reported (96% complete). Where sex was known, males accounted for 70% (3,146 out of 4,476) of reports, which is consistent with previous quarters and years (1). Adults aged 35 to 54 years accounted for 31% of the total number of hepatitis C reports.
Table 1. Laboratory reports of hepatitis C in England and Wales, April to June 2022
| Age group | Male | Female | Unknown | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 to 4 years | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 to 9 years | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 to 14 years | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 15 to 24 years | 56 | 22 | 3 | 81 |
| 25 to 34 years | 370 | 185 | 34 | 589 |
| 35 to 44 years | 950 | 435 | 63 | 1,448 |
| 45 to 54 years | 928 | 318 | 34 | 1,280 |
| 55 to 64 years | 494 | 188 | 18 | 700 |
| ≥65 years | 213 | 134 | 7 | 354 |
| Unknown | 133 | 45 | 11 | 189 |
| Total | 3,146 | 1,330 | 170 | 4,646 |
Notes: Individuals aged under 1 year are excluded, since positive tests in this age group may reflect the presence of passively-acquired maternal antibody rather than true infection. Laboratory reports are not reliable for differentiating acute and chronic hepatitis C infections. Laboratory reports include individuals with a positive test for hepatitis C antibody, antigen and/or detection of hepatitis C RNA. A small proportion of these specimens are diagnosed following DBS testing, however not all DBS testing is reported by laboratories.
In Table 2, laboratory reports are presented broken down by Operational Delivery Network (ODN). ODNs were launched in July 2013 following the publication of the NHS England strategy to sustain and develop clinical networks.
ODNs are the networks through which hepatitis C treatment is being delivered across England. Between April and June 2022, 3,021 out of 3,849 individuals in England have been allocated to an ODN.
Table 2. Laboratory reports of hepatitis C by Operational Delivery Network, April to June 2021
| Primary ODN | Total |
|---|---|
| Barts | 141 |
| Birmingham | 325 |
| Bristol and Severn | 133 |
| Cheshire and Merseyside | 281 |
| Eastern Hepatitis Network | 262 |
| Greater Manchester and Eastern Cheshire | 370 |
| Humberside and North Yorkshire | 57 |
| Kent Network via Kings | 64 |
| Lancashire and South Cumbria | 218 |
| Leicester | 134 |
| North Central London | 308 |
| North East and Cumbria | 333 |
| Nottingham | 120 |
| South Thames Hepatitis Network | 752 |
| South West Peninsula | 78 |
| South Yorkshire | 156 |
| Surrey Hepatitis Services | 102 |
| Sussex Hepatology Network | 170 |
| Thames Valley Hep C ODN | 20 |
| Wessex Hep C ODN | 120 |
| West London | 224 |
| West Yorkshire | 177 |
ODNs are based on NHS England Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) geographic boundaries. NHS England allocates a primary or lead ODN for CCGs which may cross more than one ODN.