Guidance

A3/2019 Mixed age couples: changes to entitlement conditions from 15 May 2019

Updated 10 July 2019

Who should read

All Housing Benefit staff.

Action

For information.

Subject

Mixed age couples: changes to entitlement conditions from 15 May 2019.

Guidance Manual

The information in this circular affects the content of the Housing Benefit guidance manual. Please annotate this circular number against paragraph 2.20 and P2.490 – P2.497 in Chapter A2.

Queries

Extra copies of this circular and copies of previous circulars can be found on our Housing Benefit for local authorities: adjudication circulars page.

For technical content of this circular, contact housing.benefitenquiries@dwp.gsi.gov.uk.

For distribution of this circular, contact housing.correspondenceandpqs@dwp.gsi.gov.uk.

Introduction

1. This circular provides guidance on the Welfare Reform Act 2012 (Commencement No. 31 and Savings and Transitional Provisions and Commencement No. 21 and 23 and Transitional and Transitory Provisions (Amendment)) Order 2019 (SI 2019/37), which makes changes to the Housing Benefit (persons who have attained the qualifying age for state pension credit) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/214) (pension age Housing Benefit).

2. The Commencement Order was made on 14 January 2019 and the changes come into force on 15 May 2019. These changes also apply to claims for Pension Credit.

The changes

3. From 15 May 2019, mixed age couples (where one party of the couple is over Pension Credit qualifying age and the other under that age) will no longer be able to choose whether they claim Universal Credit or Pension Credit or pension age Housing Benefit. Both parties of a couple will have to reach the Pension Credit qualifying age before they can be entitled to Pension Credit and/or pension age Housing Benefit. These changes are subject to certain savings provisions as detailed in paragraphs 5-7 below.

4. The definition of mixed age couples includes a polygamous marriage where at least one party to the polygamous marriage has reached the Pension Credit qualifying age and at least one party has not.

Savings provisions

5. The Commencement Order includes savings provisions which protect existing mixed age couples as though the changes had not come into force. This means that where a mixed age couple were entitled to the following on 14 May 2019, they will continue to be entitled on or after 15 May 2019:

• pension age Housing Benefit
• Pension Credit or
• both

6. These savings provisions will cease to have effect in relation to the party of the mixed age couple, on any day on or after 15 May 2019, when that person is not entitled to either pension age Housing Benefit or Pension Credit as a part of the same mixed age couple.

7. These savings provisions apply to parties of a polygamous marriage in the same way as other mixed age couples.

Example 1 – New claim from a mixed age couple on or after 15 May 2019

The claimant and partner have been continuously entitled to Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit since December 2018. The claimant and their partner move to a new address in a new local authority (LA) area so their current Housing Benefit claim closes. As they were entitled to Pension Credit on 14 May 2019 and continue to be entitled to it they are able to make a new claim for pension age Housing Benefit.

Example 2 – No longer entitled to either Pension Credit or pension age Housing Benefit as part of the same mixed age couple

The claimant and partner have been continuously entitled to pension age Housing Benefit and Pension Credit since November 2016. In March 2019 the partner starts a temporary job. Their total income takes them off both Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit. When the partner’s job ends they reapply for both benefits in August 2019. However, as they have not been continuously entitled to either benefit since 14 May 2019, they are not able to re-qualify and would need to make a claim for Universal Credit.

Example 3 – Existing mixed age couples who separate

The claimant and partner have been continuously entitled to pension age Housing Benefit and Pension Credit since September 2017. Due to a change of circumstances in June 2019 they are no longer treated as a couple. The claimant’s Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit award continues as an award for a single person. The couple subsequently re-form and as the partner is still under pensionable age the claimant ceases to be entitled to Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit. This is because the exemption from the new rule excluding mixed age couples from entitlement to Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit only applies to claimants who have remained continuously entitled to either benefit since 14 May 2019 as part of the same couple. Therefore, they have to make a claim for Universal Credit.

Single pensioners who form a mixed age couple

8. If a single pensioner forms a couple with a person below the qualifying age on or after 15 May 2019, entitlement to pension age Housing Benefit and Pension Credit will end.

Example 4

The claimant has been in receipt of Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit from November 2018. The claimant forms a couple with a person below the qualifying age on 4 June 2019. This is a change of circumstances which ends the claimant’s entitlement to Pension Credit and pension age Housing Benefit. The couple must claim Universal Credit.

Advance claims

9. Existing legislation allows for a claim for pension age Housing Benefit to be made up to 17 weeks before a person attains the qualifying age. Decision Makers can decide Housing Benefit claims made in advance for periods starting on or after 15 May 2019 based on the changes being made to regulations for Mixed Age Couples from 15 May 2019.

Backdated claims

10. The normal rules on the 3 month time limit for claiming pension age Housing Benefit will apply. This means that claims made on or before 13 August 2019 can be backdated to before the rule change applies, provided the claimant meets the entitlement conditions applicable on the earlier date.

Example 5

A claim is made by the pension age partner in a mixed-age couple on 13 August 2019. The claimant satisfied the conditions of entitlement that applied on 14 May 2019. Therefore, the claim has been made in time for 14 May 2019 onwards and pension age Housing Benefit for a mixed age couple can be awarded.

Polygamous marriages

11. Where parties to a polygamous marriage would be prevented from claiming pension age Housing Benefit or Pension Credit because at least one party is under the qualifying age, their entitlement is to be assessed by applying the Universal Credit legislation relating to the treatment of polygamous marriage so that the two parties to the earliest marriage are treated as a couple and any additional party is treated as a single person.

12. Where both parties to the polygamous marriage who are to be treated as a couple for the purposes of being a mixed age couple, have reached the qualifying age they may claim or remain entitled to pension age Housing Benefit and/or Pension Credit.

13. If the other party to the polygamous marriage is under the qualifying age they must claim Universal Credit as a single person.

14. Where one of the parties treated as a couple is over the qualifying age and the other is under, they may not claim pension age Housing Benefit or Pension Credit and will have to claim Universal Credit instead.

15. Once all the parties to a polygamous marriage reach the qualifying age, their entitlement to pension age Housing Benefit and Pension Credit is assessed as a polygamous unit in the usual way.

Example 6

Ravi, Imina and Kara are a polygamous unit, who make a claim for pension age Housing Benefit on a date after 15 May 2019. Ravi and Imina’s marriage was the earliest and, as they are both over pension age, they are able to make a claim for pension age Housing Benefit and pension credit as a couple. However, as Kara has not reached pension age, she has to make a claim for Universal Credit as a single claimant.

Next steps

16. Further guidance will be issued closer to the implementation of this policy.

Annex A: Mixed age couples questions and answers

Q1: Does it matter when the partner joins the claim, in other words, is it only if they join the claim after 15 May 2019?

A1: No, the changes apply to all mixed age couples regardless of when they became a couple. However, mixed age couples who are in receipt of Housing Benefit paid under the Housing Benefit (persons who have attained the qualifying age for pension credit) Regulations 2006 (SI 2006/213) (pension age Housing Benefit) on 14 May 2019 will be unaffected as long as continue to be entitled to pension age Housing Benefit.

If the couple stop being entitled to pension age Housing Benefit, the new rules will apply unless they are also receiving Pension Credit and they are still entitled to it when they make a new claim for pension age Housing Benefit.

If the change does apply it means they won’t be able to start getting pension age Housing Benefit and Pension Credit until their partner has also reached pension age.

Q2: For an existing pension age Housing Benefit claim; where a partner joins a household and is identified as under pension age, the Housing Benefit claim must be terminated and the claimant directed to claim Universal Credit. Is this still the case even if the claimant is in receipt of Pension Credit?

A2: Yes, the Pension Credit claim will also be terminated where a younger partner joins the household after the policy comes into force.

Q3: Is the 15 May 2019 the date the claim is actually made, or treated as made? I.e. is it the date a claim is physically received by the LA, or is it the ‘date of claim’?

A3: The appointed day is the 15 May 2019 and any claims made or treated as made on or after that date are subject to the mixed age couple policy. Claims made or treated as made before the appointed day are protected from the changes.

Q4: If Pension Credit ceases, can claimants continue to receive pension age Housing Benefit?

A4: Yes, pension age Housing Benefit can remain in payment due to the savings provisions included in the Commencement Order. Pension age Housing Benefit will need to be re-assessed on the grounds of low income once Pension Credit ceases.

Q5: What about claimants who are currently on working age Housing Benefit because they or their partner are receiving income based Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA), income related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) or Income Support (IS)?

A5: If they are currently claiming income based JSA, income related ESA or IS through the younger partner, they should continue to claim those benefits until they both reach pension age or move onto Universal Credit.

Q6: What happens if the claimant has a break in their pension age Housing Benefit claim?

A6: If they were in receipt of Pension Credit continuously on or before 14 May 2019, they can reclaim pension age Housing Benefit.

If they are not receiving Pension Credit or they have a break in claim for both benefits, then they will need to make a claim to Universal Credit.

Q7: Can claimants backdate their claim to pension age Housing Benefit after 15 May 2019?

A7: People will have until 13 August to make a backdated claim to pension age Housing Benefit to a period which includes 14 May providing they would have been entitled on that date had they claimed it at the time.

Q8: What about claimants who made an advance claim to pension age Housing Benefit before the mixed age couple changes came into force?

A8: These changes apply to advanced claims for pension age Housing Benefit where the date of claim is on or after 15 May 2019 and they are part of a mixed age couple.