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How many people are detained or returned?

Published 23 August 2018

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Data relate to the year ending June 2018 and all comparisons are with the year ending June 2017, unless indicated otherwise.

This section contains data on:

• individuals held in immigration detention (solely under Immigration Act powers)
• returns of people, by the Home Office, who do not have any legal right to stay in the UK

1. Key facts

In the year ending June 2018, 26,215 individuals entered the detention estate (down 6% compared with the previous year) and 27,481 left the detention estate (down 1%).

At the end of June 2018, there were 1,905 persons held in the detention estate (excluding HM Prisons), a fall of 36% compared with the same date 12 months earlier. Additionally, 321 individuals were held in immigration detention in HM Prisons.

The total number of enforced returns from the UK, decreased by 13% to 10,892 in the year ending June 2018 compared with 12,509 in the previous year.

Provisional data show that 5,724 Foreign National Offenders (FNOs) were returned in the year ending June 2018, down 8% compared to 6,238 in the previous year; of these:

• just over two thirds (68%) were EU nationals (3,905)
• just under one third (32%) were non-EU nationals (1,819)

2. Immigration detention

2.1 Detention

From July 2017, data on detention of immigration detainees in prisons are included in the immigration detention figures. Previously, individuals who were detained in prison would have been recorded in the data upon entering the detention estate through an immigration removal centre (IRC), short-term holding facility (STHF) or pre-departure accommodation (PDA); now they are recorded upon entering immigration detention within prison. Data from Q3 2017 onwards are therefore, not directly comparable with earlier data. Further details of these changes can be found in the user guide.

In the year ending June 2018, 26,215 people entered the detention estate. This was down 6% on the previous year, and represents a fall for the third consecutive year.

People entering detention, year ending December 2009 to the year ending June 2018¹

Source:

Table dt 01 q (detention tables)

Chart note:

1. Prior to July 2017, those entering detention in prisons would not be counted in the entering figures until they entered the detention estate. These cases are now included when entering immigration detention in prison. This means those entering through prisons will be recorded earlier than previously, and those who were not moved from the prison to the detention estate would not previously have been counted.

As at the end of June 2018, there were 1,905 people in the detention estate (excluding prisons). This was 36% lower than the same time the previous year. In addition, 321 immigration detainees were held in HM Prisons.

At the end of June 2018, there were 325 EU nationals, and 1,901 non-EU nationals in detention (including prisons).

People entering, leaving, and in detention, year ending June 2014 to the year ending June 2018^1,3

Year ending	Entering detention	Leaving detention	In detention2	In detention (excl. HM Prisons)
June 2014	29,122	29,055	z	3,079
June 2015	32,053	31,649	z	3,418
June 2016	31,593	32,067	z	2,878
June 2017	27,817	27,871	z	2,994
June 2018	26,215	27,481	2,226	1,905
Change: latest year	-1,602	-390	z	-1,089
Percentage change	-6%	-1%	z	-36%

Sources:

Table dt 01 q (detention tables)
Table dt 08 q (detention tables)
Table dt 13 q (detention tables)

Table notes:

1. Data from July 2017 includes those entering and leaving detention through HM Prisons, as well as those held in detention in HM Prisons. Data are not directly comparable with previous years. See the user guide for more details.
2. Data on those in detention are as at the end of June each year.
3. z = not applicable.

2.2 Reason for leaving detention

Following the introduction of the new Immigration Bail in Schedule 10 of the Immigration Bill 2016, the detention closed reasons ‘Bailed (Secretary of State)’ replaced the existing powers of ‘Granted temporary admission/release’ from 15/01/2018, and ‘Bailed (Immigration Judge)’ replaced ‘Bailed’ to differentiate from ‘Bailed (Secretary of State (SoS))’. See the user guide for more details of this change.

Of the 27,481 leaving detention in the year ending June 2018, 45% were returned from the UK, compared with 48% in the year ending June 2017.

People leaving detention, by reason for leaving and nationality (top 5), year ending June 2018

Nationality	Leaving detention	% Returned from the UK1	% Bailed (SoS)2	% Other reason3
Pakistani	2,462	26%	45%	28%
Albanian	2,449	71%	14%	15%
Indian	2,073	28%	44%	29%
Romanian	1,697	92%	3%	5%
Bangladeshi	1,334	22%	52%	26%
Other nationalities	17,466	43%	39%	18%
Total	27,481	45%	36%	19%

Source:

Table dt 08 q (detention tables)

Table notes:

1. ‘Returned from UK on leaving detention’ includes enforced returns, voluntary returns and those refused entry at port (in the UK) who were subsequently detained and then departed the UK.
2. Detention closed reason: Bailed (Secretary of State) replaced the existing powers of Granted temporary admission/release from 15/01/2018, following the introduction of the new Immigration Bail in Schedule 10 of the Immigration Bill 2016.
3. Other reason on leaving detention includes Bailed (Immigration Judge), Granted Leave to Enter/Remain and Other category.

2.3 Length of detention

Just under two thirds (64%) of immigration detainees were held for less than 29 days, a stable proportion over recent years. In the year ending June 2018, 9% had been held for 4 months or more by the time they left detention.

People leaving detention, by length of detention, year ending June 2014 to the year ending June 2018¹

Source:

Table dt 06 q (detention tables)

Chart note:

1. Data from July 2017 includes those leaving detention through HM Prisons. Data are not directly comparable with previous years. See the user guide for more details.

3. Returns

The total number of enforced returns from the UK, decreased by 13% to 10,892 in the year ending June 2018 compared with 12,509 in the year ending June 2017; of these:

• 25% of the total were enforced returns of people who had previously sought asylum (2,734 compared to 22% in the year ending June 2017 (2,748)

Returns from the UK, by type of return, year ending June 2015 to the year ending June 2018

Year ending	Total enforced returns1	Total voluntary returns2	Total refused entry at port who subsequently departed
June 2015	14,093	25,856	16,725
June 2016	12,944	28,784	18,367
June 2017	12,509	23,861	17,203
June 2018	10,892	16,854	18,285
Change: latest 12 months	-1,617	-	+1,082
Percentage change	-13%	-	+6%

Source:

Table rt 01 q (Returns tables, volume 1)

Table notes:

1. ‘Enforced returns’ cover enforced removals from detention, non-detained enforced removals and other returns from detention where the Home Office will have been required to facilitate or monitor the return.
2. ‘Voluntary returns’ include a variety of departures, including assisted voluntary returns, controlled returns and other verified returns (for example, through data matching). These are subject to significant upward revision as matching checks are made on travellers after departure. Comparisons with the previous 12 months for voluntary returns have not been included as data are not comparable over time.

Enforced returns from the UK, by nationality (top 5), year ending June 2018

Nationality	Total enforced returns1	% of Total enforced returns
Albania	1,618	15%
Romania	1,440	13%
Poland	994	9%
Pakistan	663	6%
India	589	5%
Other Nationalities	5,588	51%
Total	10,892	-

Source:

Table rt 02 q (Returns tables, volume 1)

Table note:

See notes above.

Returns of EU and non-EU nationals, by type of return, year ending June 2015 to the year ending June 2018

EU nationals may be returned for not exercising, or abusing, Treaty rights or for deportation on public policy grounds (such as criminality).

Year ending	June 2015	June 2016	June 2017	June 2018	Change: latest year	Percentage change
Total enforced returns1	14,093	12,944	12,509	10,892	-1,617	-13%
EU	3,435	4,424	5,249	4,262	-987	-19%
Non-EU	10,658	8,520	7,260	6,630	-630	-9%
Total voluntary returns2	25,856	28,784	23,861	16,854	-	-
EU	560	673	876	389	-	-
Non-EU	25,296	28,111	22,985	16,465	-	-
Total refused entry at port who subsequently departed	16,725	18,367	17,203	18,285	+1,082	+6%
EU	1,721	2,158	2,798	3,603	+805	+29%
Non-EU	15,004	16,209	14,405	14,682	+277	+2%

Source:

Table rt 02 q (Returns tables, volume 1)

Table note:

See notes above.

In the year ending June 2018, 5,724 Foreign National Offenders (FNOs) were returned from the UK, of which just over two-thirds were EU nationals. Of those FNOs that were returned, 12% were known to have an overseas criminal record. Data on FNO returns can be found in Table rt 06 q.

4. Data tables

Data referred to here can be found in the following tables:

Returns tables volume 1
Returns tables volume 2
Returns tables volume 3
Returns tables volume 4
Returns tables volume 5
Detention tables