Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 1 (week ending 9 January 2022)

Updated 16 January 2023

NOIDs weekly report

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile Virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2021/48 2021/49 2021/50 2021/51 2021/52 2022/01
Arboviruses            
West nile virus 1 - - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 19 17 29 12 15 12
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 2 - - 1 2 1
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 26 15 9 17 3 10
Borrelia sp - 1 - - - -
Borrelia tillae 1 2 - 3 - 1
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 19 20 22 21 12 12
Campylobacter curvus - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter fetus 1 - - - - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 262 238 217 220 121 111
Campylobacter sp 762 708 647 679 442 581
Campylobacter upsaliensis 2 - - 2 - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 - 2 1 - -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 23 35 23 19 27 31
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 122 130 100 119 66 64
Human coronavirus 229e - 1 - 1 - -
Mers coronavirus - 2 - - - -
SARS coronavirus 1 2 1 - - 1
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 305 172 256 145 123 195
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 62 78 91 84 82 327
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 279,257 304,607 505,919 695,523 977,958 966,864
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 4,323 4,452 4,481 5,447 6,596 9,726
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) negative 2 10 1 1 4 3
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) void 2 1 - 2 1 4
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 2,505 1,965 2,356 2,082 1,519 2,252
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 5,030 4,285 4,784 4,267 3,299 4,906
SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative 44 33 1 1 1 13
SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive 3 2 - - 1 2
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 3,442 4,047 2,911 3,697 2,454 6,149
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 6,526 5,967 5,819 6,176 5,084 8,648
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 2 1 3 - 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 1 1 - 2 - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 55 26 37 7 6 11
Cryptosporidium sp 27 21 41 27 12 29
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 3 - - 5
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 11 6 2 2 4 6
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 2 - 2 2 1 -
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 45 56 60 43 41 27
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 9 9 6 9 2 7
Hepatitis B 186 156 141 157 97 89
Hepatitis C 235 229 425 374 186 171
Hepatitis D 2 3 4 - 2 2
Hepatitis E 16 25 19 27 13 15
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 221 258 243 196 166 146
Influenza B 85 67 78 31 18 25
Influenza indeterminate 2 6 - 4 - -
Influenza ungrouped 6 - 1 6 2 1
Legionella            
Legionella other named - - - - 1 -
Legionella pneumophila 5 2 3 5 - 3
Legionella sp - 4 1 3 2 2
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 5 3 3 4 1
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 67 47 47 49 38 42
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 10 6 14 11 9 5
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus - 1 1 - - -
Mumps virus 2 - 3 1 2 2
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 2 - 10 2 - 8
Plasmodium ovale - - 2 - - -
Plasmodium vivax - - 1 - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 33 20 30 36 20 14
Polyomavirus JC 5 3 2 3 1 -
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp 1 - - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 3 3 2 1 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 43 42 34 43 23 17
Salmonella enteritidis 25 24 20 15 - 6
Salmonella infantis - - 5 5 - -
Salmonella mbandaka - 5 - - - -
Salmonella newport - 6 - - - -
Salmonella sp 11 5 5 19 37 63
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 5 5 - 6 - -
Salmonella typhimurium 16 22 15 17 - -
Shigella            
Shigella dysenteriae - - 1 - - -
Shigella flexneri 13 10 8 8 3 5
Shigella sonnei 14 11 12 12 7 2
Shigella sp 26 12 16 8 21 16
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 25 26 25 28 18 10
Streptococcus pneumoniae 123 123 97 108 124 79

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]

Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2021/48 2021/49 2021/50 2021/51 2021/52 2022/01
Citrobacter            
Citrobacter spp            
KPC 1 - - - 1 -
NDM - 1 - - 1 -
OXA48 - 2 2 - 2 -
Enterobacter            
Enterobacter cloacae complex            
IMP - - 1 - - -
KPC 3 2 1 4 1 -
OXA48 1 2 1 1 - -
Other - - - - 1 -
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli            
IMP - 1 - - - -
KPC 1 4 1 1 4 -
NDM 3 - 4 1 4 -
OXA48 6 2 2 5 - -
VIM 1 - - - - -
Other - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella            
Klebsiella aerogenes            
NDM - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca            
KPC - - 1 1 1 -
OXA48 - - 1 - 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae            
KPC 2 5 2 - 1 1
NDM 2 5 1 3 5 -
OXA48 5 4 1 4 6 -
VIM - 1 - 1 - -
Other 1 - - - 4 -
Raoultella            
Raoultella ornithinolytica            
OXA48 - - - - 1 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]

Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2021/48 2021/49 2021/50 2021/51 2021/52 2022/01
Pseudomonas            
Pseudomonas aeruginosa            
IMP 1 - - - 2 -
NDM 1 - - - - -
VIM - 2 - - 1 -
Other 1 - 1 2 1 1
  1. For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.  2