Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 31 (week ending 7 August 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
| Week notification received | 2022/26 | 2022/27 | 2022/28 | 2022/29 | 2022/30 | 2022/31 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus anthracis | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus cereus | 22 | 19 | 22 | 41 | 41 | 26 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | - | 1 | - | 3 | - |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 15 | 28 | 31 | 29 | 20 | 24 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 58 | 61 | 48 | 51 | 36 | 35 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 390 | 355 | 336 | 342 | 283 | 242 |
| Campylobacter lari | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 3 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,172 | 1,239 | 1,041 | 1,022 | 1,137 | 953 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 34 | 33 | 30 | 34 | 23 | 21 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 28 | 57 | 11 | 14 | 5 | 8 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 9 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 194 | 148 | 106 | 69 | 72 | 60 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 30 | 37 | 225 | 24 | 10 | 15 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 145,825 | 178,035 | 141,285 | 91,850 | 62,720 | 47,782 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 859 | 963 | 1,115 | 1,013 | 798 | 596 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 777 | 651 | 731 | 603 | 416 | 389 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,021 | 1,819 | 2,560 | 1,883 | 1,690 | 1,292 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 639 | 647 | 1,386 | 754 | 582 | 675 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 1,998 | 2,114 | 3,351 | 2,745 | 2,307 | 2,089 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | - | 1 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 2 | 4 | - | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 27 | 32 | 29 | 16 | 16 | 5 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 25 | 39 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 17 | 15 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia lamblia | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 72 | 86 | 56 | 52 | 50 | 32 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 15 | 19 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 8 |
| Hepatitis B | 187 | 243 | 178 | 179 | 165 | 155 |
| Hepatitis C | 460 | 414 | 308 | 433 | 331 | 336 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| Hepatitis E | 30 | 44 | 31 | 23 | 20 | 20 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 99 | 125 | 141 | 123 | 118 | 115 |
| Influenza B | 31 | 15 | 18 | 23 | 19 | 12 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 23 | 64 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 3 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 67 | 76 | 66 | 45 | 54 | 71 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 | 18 | 8 | 12 | 9 | 4 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Monkeypox virus | 444 | 369 | 372 | 364 | 305 | 230 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 2 | 4 | 4 | - | 1 | 7 |
| Mumps virus | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 9 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 41 | 85 | 25 | 27 | 26 | 30 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 2 | 11 | - | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 65 | 61 | 67 | 74 | 68 | 39 |
| Salmonella corvallis | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 55 | 42 | 49 | 41 | 30 | 19 |
| Salmonella gueuletapee | 11 | 9 | 8 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 12 | 5 | 9 | 7 | - | - |
| Salmonella java | - | - | 7 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mikawasima | 5 | 6 | - | - | 5 | - |
| Salmonella newport | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 33 | 36 | 24 | 33 | 99 | 127 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 6 | 8 | 11 | 12 | - | - |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 38 | 44 | 32 | 33 | 43 | 28 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 2 |
| Shigella flexneri | 21 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 8 |
| Shigella sonnei | 12 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 6 |
| Shigella sp | 39 | 40 | 36 | 29 | 34 | 31 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 52 | 74 | 84 | 76 | 76 | 52 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 109 | 93 | 85 | 51 | 70 | 58 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/26 | 2022/27 | 2022/28 | 2022/29 | 2022/30 | 2022/31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | 3 | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| KPC | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | 4 | 1 | |
| NDM | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| NDM | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 1 |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | KPC | 4 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 5 | - |
| NDM | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | |
| OXA48 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | VIM | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Other | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Providencia | |||||||
| Providencia stuartii | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other serratia spp | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/26 | 2022/27 | 2022/28 | 2022/29 | 2022/30 | 2022/31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other acinetobacter spp | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas monteilli | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | |||||||
| NDM | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period