Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 4 (week ending 30 January 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 13 | 15 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 14 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 17 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 14 |
| Borrelia sp | - | - | - | 3 | - | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 3 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 22 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 14 | 15 |
| Campylobacter curvus | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 226 | 124 | 144 | 248 | 208 | 217 |
| Campylobacter sp | 685 | 447 | 561 | 608 | 638 | 693 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 21 | 27 | 31 | 23 | 22 | 20 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 120 | 66 | 68 | 30 | 24 | 30 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 145 | 123 | 196 | 167 | 185 | 117 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 84 | 82 | 327 | 2,578 | 84 | 95 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 768,608 | 1,088,148 | 1,092,726 | 693,268 | 645,495 | 601,187 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 5,481 | 6,622 | 9,794 | 6,523 | 4,447 | 3,734 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody negative | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 2,085 | 1,519 | 2,253 | 2,112 | 1,721 | 1,558 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 4,270 | 3,300 | 4,909 | 5,076 | 4,823 | 3,808 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 1 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 3,707 | 2,462 | 6,174 | 22,216 | 3,196 | 2,407 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 6,185 | 5,118 | 8,672 | 20,523 | 6,870 | 6,382 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 7 | 11 | 23 | 25 | 11 | 4 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 28 | 6 | 18 | 20 | 31 | 43 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 44 | 41 | 29 | 42 | 28 | 36 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 10 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 9 |
| Hepatitis B | 166 | 101 | 106 | 139 | 131 | 137 |
| Hepatitis C | 387 | 195 | 191 | 397 | 389 | 329 |
| Hepatitis D | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Hepatitis E | 28 | 13 | 15 | 25 | 19 | 15 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 198 | 169 | 150 | 73 | 77 | 68 |
| Influenza B | 31 | 18 | 28 | 38 | 29 | 31 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 4 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 6 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella other named | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 5 | - | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 57 | 43 | 51 | 49 | 39 | 35 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 9 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 8 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Mumps virus | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | - | 8 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 36 | 20 | 14 | 37 | 31 | 27 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 46 | 43 | 39 | 37 | 17 | 24 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 16 | 5 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 6 |
| Salmonella infantis | 8 | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 6 | - | 12 | 47 | 54 | 63 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 6 | - | - | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 20 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 20 | 14 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 9 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 9 |
| Shigella sonnei | 12 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
| Shigella sp | 8 | 17 | 10 | 16 | 24 | 29 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 32 | 19 | 12 | 28 | 26 | 22 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 110 | 126 | 79 | 65 | 62 | 71 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | ||||||
| Citrobacter spp | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 1 |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Enterobacter | ||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| KPC | 4 | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| OXA48 | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - |
| NDM | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | 5 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Klebsiella | ||||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | - | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | - |
| NDM | 3 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| OXA48 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | 4 | 3 | - | 1 | - |
| Raoultella | ||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | ||||||
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/51 | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | ||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||||
| IMP | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - |