Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 5 (week ending 6 February 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 15 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 14 | 16 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 3 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 12 |
| Borrelia sp | - | - | 3 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 14 | 16 | 19 | 14 | 15 | 14 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 124 | 144 | 249 | 215 | 254 | 222 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 447 | 562 | 608 | 633 | 676 | 693 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 27 | 31 | 23 | 23 | 21 | 29 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 66 | 68 | 30 | 24 | 30 | 29 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 123 | 196 | 168 | 186 | 117 | 148 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 82 | 327 | 2,579 | 86 | 99 | 56 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 1,089,334 | 1,091,986 | 692,624 | 645,160 | 598,001 | 462,659 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 6,622 | 9,795 | 6,526 | 4,451 | 3,741 | 14,904 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody negative | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,519 | 2,253 | 2,112 | 1,721 | 1,558 | 1,409 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 3,300 | 4,909 | 5,077 | 4,823 | 3,814 | 3,479 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 1 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 2,462 | 6,174 | 22,218 | 3,195 | 2,407 | 18,699 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 5,118 | 8,671 | 20,518 | 6,856 | 6,364 | 25,514 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 11 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 9 | 3 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 6 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 39 | 39 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 5 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 1 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 41 | 29 | 44 | 28 | 37 | 38 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 2 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
| Hepatitis B | 101 | 106 | 139 | 134 | 147 | 121 |
| Hepatitis C | 195 | 191 | 397 | 405 | 333 | 345 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Hepatitis E | 13 | 15 | 25 | 20 | 16 | 18 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 169 | 150 | 73 | 78 | 75 | 96 |
| Influenza B | 18 | 28 | 38 | 29 | 31 | 15 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella other named | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | - | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 43 | 51 | 51 | 46 | 38 | 45 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 9 | 5 | 14 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | - | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 8 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 20 | 14 | 37 | 31 | 27 | 32 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 42 | 39 | 50 | 27 | 24 | 15 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 5 | 15 | 22 | 21 | 8 | 7 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | 8 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | - | 12 | 15 | 17 | 59 | 63 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | - | - | 7 | 7 | 7 | 16 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 13 | 18 | 29 | 31 | 17 | 15 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | - | 3 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 6 | 8 | 5 | 12 | 12 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 11 |
| Shigella sp | 17 | 10 | 16 | 19 | 26 | 38 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 19 | 12 | 28 | 27 | 22 | 33 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 126 | 79 | 65 | 64 | 73 | 84 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | |||||||
| KPC | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| NDM | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | |||||||
| IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | 3 | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | |||||||
| KPC | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - | |
| NDM | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | |||||||
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | |||||||
| IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| KPC | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | - | |
| Other | 4 | 3 | - | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | |||||||
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2021/52 | 2022/01 | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |||||||
| IMP | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | - |