Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 7 (week ending 20 February 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West nile virus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 22 | 18 | 17 | 20 | 11 | 16 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 11 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 6 |
| Borrelia sp | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 19 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 16 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 247 | 217 | 262 | 259 | 207 | 197 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 616 | 647 | 678 | 689 | 575 | 731 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 30 | 25 | 27 | 35 | 24 | 35 |
| Clostridium tetani | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 31 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 16 | 103 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 168 | 186 | 117 | 148 | 147 | 107 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 2,579 | 86 | 99 | 57 | 1,594 | 49 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 694,559 | 647,414 | 598,464 | 462,125 | 315,343 | 241,286 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 6,530 | 4,453 | 3,758 | 14,930 | 3,694 | 2,149 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody negative | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 2,115 | 1,726 | 1,564 | 1,416 | 1,474 | 4,833 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 5,086 | 4,831 | 3,854 | 3,493 | 3,790 | 3,837 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 6 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 22,219 | 3,196 | 2,435 | 18,712 | 16,780 | 3,056 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 20,528 | 6,867 | 6,407 | 25,575 | 18,855 | 6,448 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 26 | 27 | 28 | 21 | 15 | 5 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 20 | 14 | 20 | 21 | 23 | 19 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | - | 1 | 3 | - | 2 | - |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 48 | 35 | 40 | 47 | 52 | 54 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 9 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 17 |
| Hepatitis B | 144 | 138 | 165 | 141 | 177 | 129 |
| Hepatitis C | 397 | 407 | 352 | 375 | 421 | 319 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 25 | 20 | 17 | 20 | 23 | 19 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 73 | 78 | 75 | 98 | 106 | 199 |
| Influenza B | 38 | 29 | 31 | 15 | 19 | 37 |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella pneumophila | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| Legionella sp | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 7 | 5 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 56 | 49 | 48 | 54 | 46 | 39 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 14 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 5 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Mumps virus | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 37 | 31 | 27 | 32 | 21 | 34 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 3 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 48 | 32 | 44 | 39 | 21 | 16 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 22 | 23 | 14 | 13 | 11 | 7 |
| Salmonella infantis | 8 | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 7 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 12 | 9 | 13 | 20 | 53 | 81 |
| Salmonella stanley | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 7 | 7 | 8 | 21 | 15 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 29 | 31 | 36 | 30 | 20 | 18 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 5 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 6 |
| Shigella sonnei | 5 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 7 | 12 |
| Shigella sp | 17 | 19 | 22 | 30 | 32 | 51 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 28 | 26 | 27 | 34 | 32 | 19 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 68 | 67 | 79 | 98 | 66 | 79 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | ||||||
| Citrobacter spp | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| OXA48 | - | 3 | 2 | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | ||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | ||||||
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli | ||||||
| IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 7 | - |
| NDM | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - |
| OXA48 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Klebsiella | ||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | ||||||
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | ||||||
| KPC | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | ||||||
| IMP | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| NDM | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms[footnote 1]
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/02 | 2022/03 | 2022/04 | 2022/05 | 2022/06 | 2022/07 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | ||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||||
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other | 3 | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | ||||||
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |