Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 26 (week ending 2 July 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
© Crown copyright 2024
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk.
Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.
This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2023/noids-causative-agents-week-26-week-ending-2-july-2023
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/21 | 2023/22 | 2023/23 | 2023/24 | 2023/25 | 2023/26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 10 | 17 | 25 | 19 | 24 | 19 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 4 | 3 | 6 | 22 | 4 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 17 | 13 | 24 | 16 | 22 | 26 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Borrelia tillae | 3 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella sp | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 23 | 27 | 41 | 43 | 70 | 43 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 314 | 294 | 361 | 400 | 457 | 256 |
| Campylobacter lari | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,048 | 960 | 1,360 | 1,419 | 1,331 | 1,448 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 2 | - | - | 3 | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 49 | 27 | 35 | 27 | 31 | 51 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 36 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 8 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 80 | 74 | 70 | 116 | 109 | 60 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 1 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 5,889 | 4,704 | 4,299 | 3,215 | 2,505 | 1,869 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 68 | 71 | 48 | 96 | 28 | 28 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 59 | 48 | 46 | 87 | 75 | 50 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 181 | 120 | 173 | 376 | 346 | 127 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 79 | 38 | 62 | 58 | 42 | 24 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 201 | 118 | 136 | 158 | 125 | 126 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 1 | 7 | - | 3 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 64 | 46 | 45 | 42 | 41 | 15 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 25 | 20 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 31 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 21 | 17 | 16 | 11 | 20 | 13 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 8 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 69 | 74 | 64 | 60 | 61 | 71 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 11 | 8 | 19 | 14 | 16 | 8 |
| Hepatitis B | 302 | 258 | 307 | 304 | 275 | 284 |
| Hepatitis C | 468 | 331 | 407 | 425 | 433 | 389 |
| Hepatitis D | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 |
| Hepatitis E | 38 | 20 | 29 | 39 | 28 | 45 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 33 | 50 | 41 | 48 | 60 | 25 |
| Influenza B | 53 | 26 | 34 | 28 | 26 | 13 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 14 | 1 | 5 | - | 1 | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 5 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 114 | 106 | 104 | 104 | 94 | 73 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 18 | 8 | 15 | 25 | 18 | 12 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | - | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 6 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 7 |
| Mumps virus | 6 | 2 | - | 13 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 5 | 2 | - | 18 | 1 | 12 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium vivax | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 28 | 34 | 38 | 38 | 86 | 45 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 11 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 11 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | - | 5 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 75 | 62 | 61 | 69 | 41 | 28 |
| Salmonella agona | - | - | - | 8 | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | - | - | 6 | - | 5 | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 57 | 65 | 65 | 88 | 46 | 19 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | - | 9 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 5 | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella panama | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 10 | 11 | 9 | 29 | 96 | 175 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | 5 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 14 | 14 | 17 | 6 | 9 | 10 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 29 | 35 | 31 | 24 | 21 | 12 |
| Salmonella enterica | 6 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | 2 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 12 | 17 | 13 | 18 | 6 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 14 | 11 | 35 | 28 | 22 | 23 |
| Shigella sp | 40 | 42 | 40 | 66 | 51 | 65 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 99 | 67 | 92 | 82 | 91 | 61 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 106 | 113 | 104 | 91 | 105 | 68 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 | - | 1 | 3 | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/21 | 2023/22 | 2023/23 | 2023/24 | 2023/25 | 2023/26 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | 4 | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 3 | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 3 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | 11 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 5 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | 3 | - | - |
| KPC | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 2 | |
| NDM | 14 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 2 | |
| OXA48 | 11 | 15 | 13 | 16 | 8 | 3 | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 8 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 5 | |
| NDM | 9 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 5 | |
| OXA48 | 8 | 7 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 5 | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella serogenes | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | |||||||
| Pluralibacter gergoviae | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other proteus spp | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Salmonella | |||||||
| Salmonella kentucky | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
| Week notification received | 2023/21 | 2023/22 | 2023/23 | 2023/24 | 2023/25 | 2023/26 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| Other pseudomonas spp | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | |||||||
| KPC | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.