Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 27 (week ending 9 July 2023)

Updated 2 January 2024

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox (monkeypox) virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2023/22 2023/23 2023/24 2023/25 2023/26 2023/27
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus 2 1 - - 1 -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 17 25 20 24 19 26
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 4 3 6 22 4 5
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 13 24 16 22 27 27
Borrelia sp 2 3 4 4 4 6
Borrelia tillae - 1 - - 2 1
Brucella            
Brucella sp 1 - - - - -
Burkholderia            
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1 - - - - -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 27 41 43 70 46 32
Campylobacter curvus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter fetus - - 1 1 - -
Campylobacter jejuni 294 361 401 457 306 262
Campylobacter lari - - 1 1 - -
Campylobacter other named 1 1 2 3 1 1
Campylobacter sp 960 1,360 1,421 1,332 1,416 1,332
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 - 1 1 1 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - - 3 1 - 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 - 1 1 2 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 27 35 27 31 53 39
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 24 23 25 21 8 14
Human coronavirus hku1 - - 1 - - -
SARS coronavirus - 1 - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 74 70 116 109 60 88
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 9 4 4 4 4
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 4,705 4,298 3,215 2,504 1,873 2,180
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 71 48 96 28 28 34
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 48 46 87 75 50 47
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 120 173 376 346 127 128
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 38 62 58 42 24 44
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 118 136 158 125 126 117
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 7 - 3 - 4
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 - 2 - - 2
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - 1 - - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 5 6 8 5 7 4
Cryptosporidium meleagridis - 1 2 1 - -
Cryptosporidium parvum 46 45 42 42 23 4
Cryptosporidium sp 20 26 25 24 21 56
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 1 - 1 - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 1 1 1 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 17 17 11 20 17 15
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 4 4 2 1 3 2
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 74 64 61 62 72 64
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 8 20 14 16 9 12
Hepatitis B 259 309 305 298 310 211
Hepatitis C 332 407 424 443 412 410
Hepatitis D 3 4 5 8 7 5
Hepatitis E 20 29 39 28 47 35
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 50 41 48 60 25 56
Influenza B 26 34 28 26 13 15
Influenza indeterminate 1 5 - 1 - -
Influenza ungrouped 1 2 3 2 1 -
Legionella            
Legionella longbeachae - 1 - - - 1
Legionella pneumophila 2 8 5 10 10 5
Legionella sp 1 4 4 2 3 2
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 6 3 7 16 5 8
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 106 104 108 100 78 81
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 8 15 25 19 12 20
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 3 4 1 4 1 3
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 2 5 2 6 7 3
Mumps virus 2 - 13 2 2 6
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 2 - 18 1 12 4
Plasmodium malariae - - - - 1 -
Plasmodium ovale - - 1 - 1 -
Plasmodium vivax - - 1 - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 34 38 38 86 46 41
Polyomavirus JC 8 12 12 13 11 19
Polyomavirus untyped - 1 - 2 1 1
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - 2 - - 1 -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 5 4 2 5 2 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 63 61 72 64 53 16
Salmonella agona - - 8 - - -
Salmonella chester - 6 - 6 - -
Salmonella enteritidis 66 65 93 83 56 21
Salmonella infantis - - 11 - 6 -
Salmonella newport - - 5 - - -
Salmonella panama - - 5 - - -
Salmonella sp 9 9 19 26 105 138
Salmonella stanley 5 5 - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 14 17 6 9 10 5
Salmonella typhimurium 35 31 24 33 18 8
Salmonella enterica 6 - - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 2 - - 2 -
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - 2 1 1 -
Shigella flexneri 17 13 18 6 8 9
Shigella sonnei 11 35 28 24 31 13
Shigella sp 42 40 66 49 55 52
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 67 92 82 91 64 55
Streptococcus pneumoniae 113 104 91 106 68 67
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - 1 3 - - -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2023/22 2023/23 2023/24 2023/25 2023/26 2023/27
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp KPC 1 1 - - - -
  NDM 1 4 - 1 1 -
  OXA48 1 5 3 1 1 -
  Other - 1 - - - -
Cronobacter              
Cronobacter malonaticus NDM - - - - 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 - - 1 3 -
  KPC 5 2 6 1 1 2
  NDM 7 9 4 7 6 -
  OXA48 1 - 3 2 6 -
  Other - 1 - 1 - 1
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 2 1 - - -
  KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - 1 - 1 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  VIM - 1 - 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - - 3 - - -
  KPC 3 5 6 7 2 4
  NDM 10 13 9 13 9 6
  OXA48 15 13 16 11 9 2
  VIM - 1 1 1 1 -
  Other 2 1 - 1 - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 2 1 1 - 1 -
  NDM 1 - - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 1 - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 1 1 - - -
  KPC 7 6 11 8 10 9
  NDM 4 11 2 8 5 3
  OXA48 7 14 3 7 9 1
  VIM - 1 1 1 - -
  Other - 1 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella serogenes NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Pluralibacter              
Pluralibacter gergoviae Other - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Other proteus spp KPC - - 1 - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM 1 - - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Week notification received 2023/22 2023/23 2023/24 2023/25 2023/26 2023/27
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 1 - - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex IMP - - - 1 - -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Acinetobacter pittii NDM - - - - 1 -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - - 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM - 1 - - 1 1
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other 1 3 3 1 2 1
Other pseudomonas spp NDM 1 - - - - -
Other              
  KPC 1 - 1 - - -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
  Other - 1 - - - -

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.