Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 28 (week ending 16 July 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
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This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2023/noids-causative-agents-week-28-week-ending-16-july-2023--2
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/23 | 2023/24 | 2023/25 | 2023/26 | 2023/27 | 2023/28 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 25 | 19 | 24 | 19 | 29 | 35 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 3 | 6 | 22 | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 24 | 16 | 22 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Borrelia sp | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 41 | 43 | 70 | 47 | 41 | 40 |
| Campylobacter curvus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 361 | 401 | 458 | 335 | 330 | 289 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,360 | 1,422 | 1,333 | 1,415 | 1,332 | 1,298 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 4 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 35 | 27 | 31 | 53 | 43 | 22 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 23 | 25 | 21 | 8 | 14 | 4 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 70 | 116 | 109 | 60 | 88 | 61 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 4,296 | 3,214 | 2,504 | 1,871 | 2,256 | 2,801 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 48 | 96 | 28 | 28 | 34 | 24 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 46 | 87 | 75 | 50 | 46 | 56 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 169 | 376 | 346 | 127 | 132 | 143 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 62 | 58 | 42 | 24 | 44 | 60 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 136 | 158 | 125 | 126 | 117 | 155 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 7 | - | 3 | - | 4 | 1 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 6 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 11 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 45 | 42 | 43 | 33 | 22 | 18 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 25 | 24 | 22 | 9 | 33 | 48 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 17 | 11 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 16 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 65 | 62 | 65 | 73 | 66 | 57 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 20 | 14 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 9 |
| Hepatitis B | 311 | 306 | 299 | 316 | 228 | 270 |
| Hepatitis C | 407 | 425 | 446 | 426 | 417 | 337 |
| Hepatitis D | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 4 |
| Hepatitis E | 29 | 39 | 28 | 47 | 36 | 29 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 40 | 48 | 60 | 25 | 57 | 60 |
| Influenza B | 33 | 28 | 26 | 15 | 15 | 23 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 5 | - | 1 | - | - | 52 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 8 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 8 |
| Legionella sp | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 3 | 7 | 16 | 5 | 8 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 105 | 110 | 101 | 85 | 88 | 70 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 15 | 25 | 19 | 12 | 20 | 16 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 5 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 |
| Mumps virus | - | 13 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 18 | 1 | 12 | 4 | 2 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 38 | 38 | 86 | 46 | 41 | 41 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 12 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 19 | 10 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 61 | 72 | 65 | 73 | 31 | 23 |
| Salmonella agona | - | 8 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | 6 | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 65 | 94 | 85 | 95 | 32 | 24 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 11 | - | 8 | 6 | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella panama | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 9 | 18 | 23 | 29 | 109 | 165 |
| Salmonella stanley | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 17 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 31 | 24 | 33 | 30 | 14 | 12 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 13 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 9 |
| Shigella sonnei | 35 | 28 | 24 | 32 | 17 | 19 |
| Shigella sp | 40 | 66 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 51 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 92 | 82 | 91 | 64 | 56 | 71 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 105 | 91 | 106 | 69 | 70 | 65 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/23 | 2023/24 | 2023/25 | 2023/26 | 2023/27 | 2023/28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| NDM | 4 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Cronobacter | |||||||
| Cronobacter malonaticus | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 1 | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | - |
| KPC | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| NDM | 9 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 2 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 5 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | |
| NDM | 13 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 16 | 5 | |
| OXA48 | 13 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 1 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 6 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 4 | |
| NDM | 11 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 3 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella serogenes | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | NDM | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea agglomerans | KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Pluralibacter | |||||||
| Pluralibacter gergoviae | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other proteus spp | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/23 | 2023/24 | 2023/25 | 2023/26 | 2023/27 | 2023/28 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Acinetobacter pittii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | |||||||
| KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |