Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 10 (week ending 10 March 2024)

Updated 4 November 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria
  • chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox (monkeypox) virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • polio virus
  • rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • varicella zoster virus
  • variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/05 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09 2024/10
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - 1 - - - 1
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 19 14 17 10 17 17
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 75 111 72 94 118 88
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 21 12 11 12 12 13
Borrelia sp 4 2 2 1 2 3
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - 1 - - -
Brucella other named - - - - - 1
Brucella sp - 1 - - 3 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 16 17 17 18 13 17
Campylobacter fetus - - 2 - - -
Campylobacter hyointestinalis - - - - - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 198 207 218 224 213 181
Campylobacter other named - 1 1 2 - 1
Campylobacter sp 742 863 710 809 749 790
Campylobacter upsaliensis 3 1 1 - 1 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 1 1 2 - 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 40 40 30 32 32 37
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 234 236 251 177 235 152
Human coronavirus 229e 3 3 - 3 - 6
Human coronavirus hku1 5 3 4 3 2 2
SARS coronavirus 1 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 175 131 120 134 132 159
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - 2 4 2 - 2
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 4,520 3,966 2,500 1,782 1,312 1,226
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 89 68 71 40 38 31
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 20 36 17 11 16 47
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 180 151 134 91 162 311
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 32 34 37 51 7 3,540
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 103 117 79 122 40 693
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 1 3 4 3 -
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 - 2 - - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 1 1 8 9 8 6
Cryptosporidium parvum 8 3 10 8 21 15
Cryptosporidium sp 64 51 31 18 32 73
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 1 1 2 2 1 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 1 3 5 4 12 3
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 7 3 9 10 5 7
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 81 62 92 71 80 82
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 29 22 21 14 24 20
Hepatitis B 328 376 391 400 332 317
Hepatitis C 233 239 268 276 256 207
Hepatitis D 9 11 10 9 4 11
Hepatitis E 35 35 36 32 37 18
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 5,324 4,796 3,655 2,554 2,029 1,877
Influenza B 301 383 386 367 336 397
Influenza indeterminate 6 - 6 8 7 -
Influenza ungrouped 126 284 74 113 50 38
Legionella            
Legionella pneumophila 4 4 1 5 1 3
Legionella sp 2 - 1 1 6 3
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - - 1 - - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 10 11 2 2 5
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 79 83 83 71 85 58
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 31 32 16 24 23 21
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus 2 4 2 3 1 4
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 52 48 47 59 57 42
Mumps virus 6 11 11 10 12 10
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - - 23 1 -
Plasmodium ovale 1 - - 3 - -
Plasmodium vivax - - - 1 - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 62 38 47 66 55 37
Polyomavirus JC 8 6 5 14 2 4
Polyomavirus untyped 14 12 16 22 6 11
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - 1 - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - 1 - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 9 1 1 3 2 3
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 55 29 54 61 39 21
Salmonella chester - - - 6 - -
Salmonella enterica - - - - 6 -
Salmonella enteritidis 22 32 25 23 21 6
Salmonella java - - - 6 - -
Salmonella newport - 5 - - - -
Salmonella sp 11 19 17 14 54 87
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 16 19 10 14 14 18
Salmonella typhimurium 31 22 24 22 24 9
Slmonella enterica 5 - 5 - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 2 1 3 - 1
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - 2 1 - 1
Shigella flexneri 21 21 16 13 10 7
Shigella sonnei 23 34 21 21 28 17
Shigella sp 46 48 50 55 68 58
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 72 81 77 84 72 75
Streptococcus pneumoniae 168 190 178 151 138 129
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae - - - - 1 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/05 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09 2024/10
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 2 - - 1 - -
  KPC - 1 - 1 - -
  NDM 2 - 2 - 1 -
  OXA48 4 3 - 1 1 -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 4 3 1 - - 1
  KPC 2 5 5 4 6 6
  NDM 5 3 3 8 10 -
  OXA48 4 3 5 6 5 1
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other - 1 1 - 1 -
Other enterobacter spp KPC 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 - - 1 1 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 2 1 1 - - -
  KPC 1 4 4 2 1 1
  NDM 20 11 18 6 14 4
  OXA48 17 17 14 22 13 4
  VIM 1 - - 1 - -
  Other 2 3 1 1 3 -
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - 1 1 - -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 2 4 3 4 3
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 2 - 1 2 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 1 - 2 - - 1
  KPC 1 6 9 4 3 2
  NDM 3 11 8 8 4 -
  OXA48 11 15 8 15 14 2
  VIM 1 1 1 1 - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - - - 1 - 1
  NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - - 1 1 -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  Other - - 1 1 - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 1 - - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM - - - 1 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii NDM 1 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 - - - - 1 -
  Other - 1 - - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/05 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09 2024/10
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - 2 - 1 2 -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP 1 - - - - -
  NDM 3 1 1 1 - -
  VIM 2 - - - - -
  Other 1 2 2 - 3 1
Other              
  NDM - - - 1 - -