Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 21 (week ending 26 May 2024)
Updated 20 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/16 | 2024/17 | 2024/18 | 2024/19 | 2024/20 | 2024/21 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile Virus | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 12 | 23 | 12 | 17 | 25 | 20 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 224 | 247 | 253 | 154 | 166 | 140 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 8 | 20 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 13 |
| Borrelia other named | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Brucella sp | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 35 | 49 | 44 | 43 | 40 | 37 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 279 | 262 | 298 | 236 | 359 | 312 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 968 | 1,011 | 1,059 | 913 | 1,375 | 1,334 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 38 | 31 | 35 | 35 | 27 | 32 |
| Clostridium tetani | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 80 | 82 | 75 | 92 | 80 | 73 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 2 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 122 | 96 | 131 | 109 | 90 | 98 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 1,307 | 1,688 | 2,076 | 2,462 | 2,080 | 1,817 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 27 | 29 | 29 | 48 | 44 | 59 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 12 | 26 | 20 | 21 | 17 | 14 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 122 | 152 | 155 | 156 | 154 | 144 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 12 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 13 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 35 | 37 | 38 | 41 | 53 | 71 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 12 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 20 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 165 | 171 | 132 | 81 | 94 | 37 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 81 | 94 | 55 | 55 | 72 | 157 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 19 | 9 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 5 | 4 | 9 | - | 13 | 4 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 78 | 71 | 66 | 65 | 69 | 58 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 15 | 11 | 23 | 8 | 29 | 20 |
| Hepatitis B | 369 | 374 | 361 | 321 | 318 | 321 |
| Hepatitis C | 239 | 250 | 223 | 200 | 263 | 285 |
| Hepatitis D | 8 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 6 | 10 |
| Hepatitis E | 38 | 30 | 28 | 32 | 24 | 24 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 364 | 348 | 358 | 269 | 195 | 142 |
| Influenza B | 151 | 219 | 229 | 204 | 152 | 88 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 8 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 6 | - |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella other named | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 93 | 91 | 104 | 96 | 79 | 76 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 31 | 29 | 29 | 25 | 30 | 24 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 74 | 61 | 56 | 69 | 74 | 50 |
| Mumps virus | 4 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | - | - | - | 5 | - |
| Plasmodium malariae | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 58 | 41 | 34 | 46 | 71 | 49 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 6 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 12 | 20 | 15 | 23 | 16 | 9 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia prowazekii | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 7 | 2 | 1 | - | 7 | 3 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 70 | 58 | 67 | 64 | 38 | 23 |
| Salmonella agona | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 60 | 57 | 35 | 31 | 16 | 11 |
| Salmonella java | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella muenchen | - | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 7 | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella poona | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | 7 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 20 | 9 | 19 | 28 | 109 | 161 |
| Salmonella stanley | 9 | 6 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 18 | 14 | 20 | 25 | 26 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 30 | 36 | 32 | 25 | 12 | 8 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 2 | - | 4 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 26 | 19 | 23 | 18 | 10 | 20 |
| Shigella sonnei | 18 | 28 | 18 | 17 | 27 | 19 |
| Shigella sp | 49 | 69 | 62 | 55 | 58 | 51 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 83 | 86 | 72 | 77 | 56 | 60 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 127 | 123 | 110 | 127 | 129 | 85 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/16 | 2024/17 | 2024/18 | 2024/19 | 2024/20 | 2024/21 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | - | |
| NDM | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| KPC | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| NDM | 13 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 4 | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 2 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| NDM | 6 | 2 | 2 | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| KPC | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | 18 | 25 | 25 | 22 | 18 | 6 | |
| OXA48 | 21 | 20 | 24 | 22 | 30 | 4 | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | |
| Escherichia vulneris | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other escherichia spp | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| KPC | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | |
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | 2 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 11 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 5 | |
| NDM | 9 | 9 | 12 | 22 | 12 | 4 | |
| OXA48 | 15 | 8 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 2 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | - | - | 3 | - | |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Providencia | |||||||
| Providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Salmonella | |||||||
| Salmonella spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other serratia spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/16 | 2024/17 | 2024/18 | 2024/19 | 2024/20 | 2024/21 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 2 | - | - | 2 | 2 | - |
| Other | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other | |||||||
| NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |