Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 33 (week ending 18 August 2024)
Updated 20 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/28 | 2024/29 | 2024/30 | 2024/31 | 2024/32 | 2024/33 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 21 | 21 | 23 | 18 | 31 | 28 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 196 | 241 | 304 | 300 | 264 | 248 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 41 | 35 | 48 | 36 | 26 | 28 |
| Borrelia sp | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 8 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Brucella sp | - | 4 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Burkholderia | ||||||
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 48 | 54 | 53 | 48 | 72 | 50 |
| Campylobacter curvus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 333 | 288 | 318 | 296 | 316 | 238 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,256 | 1,343 | 1,220 | 1,238 | 1,192 | 1,294 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 3 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 33 | 28 | 40 | 30 | 30 | 32 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 39 | 44 | 41 | 40 | 16 | 17 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | 3 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 38 | 123 | 127 | 95 | 70 | 81 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 3,468 | 3,988 | 3,489 | 2,857 | 2,082 | 1,694 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 68 | 121 | 87 | 84 | 60 | 53 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 20 | 23 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 13 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 98 | 122 | 94 | 117 | 113 | 98 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 24 | 25 | 30 | 17 | 10 | 20 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 86 | 82 | 81 | 44 | 54 | 41 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 17 | 17 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 9 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 47 | 29 | 33 | 31 | 47 | 12 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 25 | 22 | 37 | 30 | 31 | 67 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium viatorum | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 13 | 16 | 19 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 2 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 6 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia sp | 91 | 116 | 105 | 100 | 92 | 115 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 72 | 59 | 69 | 62 | 49 | 40 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 12 | 10 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 |
| Hepatitis B | 286 | 336 | 273 | 322 | 295 | 281 |
| Hepatitis C | 365 | 264 | 275 | 337 | 277 | 259 |
| Hepatitis D | 6 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Hepatitis E | 27 | 44 | 26 | 30 | 33 | 32 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 280 | 339 | 327 | 220 | 262 | 228 |
| Influenza B | 38 | 40 | 46 | 33 | 23 | 19 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 7 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 8 |
| Legionella sp | 4 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 75 | 92 | 116 | 89 | 100 | 73 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 23 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 10 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 4 | 17 | 19 | 12 | 14 | 17 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 68 | 63 | 62 | 68 | 52 | 32 |
| Mumps virus | 6 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 45 | 75 | 52 | 51 | 66 | 33 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 8 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 5 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 17 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 16 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia sp | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | - | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 67 | 66 | 79 | 60 | 63 | 37 |
| Salmonella anatum | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | 5 | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | - | 5 | - | 9 | - | 7 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 84 | 97 | 83 | 84 | 66 | 22 |
| Salmonella heidelberg | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 7 | - | 5 | 7 | 6 | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 23 | 52 | 35 | 33 | 146 | 214 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 10 | 11 | 9 | 19 | 14 | 8 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 33 | 34 | 33 | 28 | 20 | 20 |
| Salmonella virchow | - | 5 | - | 5 | - | - |
| Slmonella enterica | 7 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 15 | 19 | 23 | 13 | 11 | 12 |
| Shigella sonnei | 25 | 25 | 23 | 15 | 20 | 23 |
| Shigella sp | 52 | 50 | 69 | 65 | 75 | 95 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 56 | 63 | 51 | 65 | 52 | 30 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 84 | 87 | 74 | 78 | 62 | 59 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/28 | 2024/29 | 2024/30 | 2024/31 | 2024/32 | 2024/33 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| KPC | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 2 | - | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| KPC | 3 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |
| NDM | 7 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 5 | |
| OXA48 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 2 | - | 1 | |
| Other | - | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | - | 4 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 12 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 8 | |
| NDM | 11 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 9 | 9 | |
| OXA48 | 25 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 18 | 5 | |
| VIM | 2 | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Escherichia hermannii | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia vulneris | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | 2 | 6 | 10 | - | 2 |
| KPC | 17 | 18 | 24 | 21 | 13 | 4 | |
| NDM | 8 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 9 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 5 | 2 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | - | 4 | - | - | |
| Other | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | |||||||
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Phytobacter | |||||||
| Pytobacter ursingii | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/28 | 2024/29 | 2024/30 | 2024/31 | 2024/32 | 2024/33 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | 2 | - | 1 |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pseudomonas monteilli | VIM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | |||||||
| IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |