Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 35 (week ending 1 September 2024)

Updated 2 September 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS Coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33 2024/34 2024/35 2024/09
Arboviruses                
West Nile virus - - 1 - 1 - 2  
Bacillus                
Bacillus cereus 23 18 31 28 27 19 -  
Bordetella             -  
Bordetella pertussis 304 303 268 252 141 106 -  
Borrelia             -  
Borrelia burgdorferi 48 36 27 30 27 29    
Borrelia sp 6 7 5 8 5 6 -  
Brucella             -  
Brucella melitensis - 1 1 - - -    
Brucella sp - - - 2 - -    
Burkholderia                
Burkholderia pseudomallei - - 1 - - -    
Campylobacter                
Campylobacter coli 53 48 72 58 71 56    
Campylobacter fetus 1 1 - 1 - -    
Campylobacter jejuni 318 297 320 270 320 278    
Campylobacter lari 1 - 1 - - -    
Campylobacter other named - 3 2 4 1 1    
Campylobacter sp 1,221 1,239 1,195 1,265 1,199 1,117    
Campylobacter upsaliensis 2 1 3 1 - 1    
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) - 1 1 - 2 1    
Chikungunya virus                
Chikungunya virus - - 1 1 4 1    
Clostridium                
Clostridium perfringens 40 30 30 33 28 28    
Coronavirus                
Coronavirus 41 40 16 18 20 21    
SARS coronavirus - 1 2 - - -    
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 127 95 70 81 77 87    
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void - 2 2 6 - -    
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 3,489 2,858 2,084 1,687 1,409 1,597    
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 87 84 60 55 61 41    
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 13 16 17 13 15 8    
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 94 117 113 104 84 62    
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 30 17 10 20 6 16    
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 81 44 54 41 61 49    
Corynebacterium                
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 3 2 2 1 - 1    
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 - 1 - 1    
Coxiella                
Coxiella burnetii - - - - 1 -    
Cryptosporidium                
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 - 1 - - -    
Cryptosporidium felis - - - - - 1    
Cryptosporidium hominis 15 6 15 22 19 4    
Cryptosporidium parvum 35 33 50 29 41 23    
Cryptosporidium sp 34 28 27 37 49 100    
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum 2 - 1 - - -    
Cryptosporidium viatorum - - - 1 - -    
Entamoeba                
Entamoeba histolytica 2 1 1 - - 2    
Escherichia                
Escherichia coli O 157 8 15 16 21 14 8    
Flaviviruses                
Dengue virus 8 4 6 6 10 11    
Giardia                
Giardia sp 105 100 92 115 108 91    
Haemophilus                
Haemophilus influenzae 72 62 49 41 58 58    
Hepatitis viruses                
Hepatitis A 15 14 15 11 22 13    
Hepatitis B 278 328 306 309 308 214    
Hepatitis C 282 337 284 277 230 231    
Hepatitis D 9 3 4 7 9 4    
Hepatitis E 26 32 35 33 33 17    
Influenza virus                
Influenza A 327 220 262 229 219 227    
Influenza B 46 33 24 19 20 22    
Influenza indeterminate 1 - - 1 1 -    
Influenza ungrouped 5 3 4 4 8 5    
Legionella                
Legionella longbeachae - - - 1 - -    
Legionella other named - 1 - - - -    
Legionella pneumophila 7 1 2 8 7 14    
Legionella sp 3 2 1 1 3 3    
Leptospira                
Leptospira interrogans 1 - 1 - - -    
Listeria                
Listeria monocytogenes 3 5 4 2 4 2    
Mycobacterium                
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 118 96 105 83 105 62    
Neisseria                
Neisseria meningitidis 17 16 15 10 7 11    
Orthopoxvirus                
Mpox virus 19 12 14 17 14 6    
Paramyxoviruses                
Measles virus 62 68 52 33 47 32    
Mumps virus 9 6 6 8 5 4    
Plasmodium                
Plasmodium falciparum 1 1 14 - - 2    
Plasmodium vivax - - 1 - - -    
Polyomavirus                
Polyomavirus BK 52 51 66 33 63 45    
Polyomavirus JC 7 8 7 5 10 5    
Polyomavirus untyped 13 13 8 16 10 12    
Rabies virus                
Rabies virus - - - 1 - -    
Rickettsia                
Rickettsia mooseri - - - - - 1    
Rickettsia sp - - - - 1 -    
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - - 1 -    
Rubella virus                
Rubella virus 3 4 6 4 1 3    
Salmonella                
Other salmonellas 80 60 81 68 37 23    
Salmonella agona - - - 9 - -    
Salmonella blockley - - 8 12 - -    
Salmonella chester - 6 - - - -    
Salmonella enterica - 9 - 7 - -    
Salmonella enteritidis 85 88 109 82 64 26    
Salmonella infantis 5 - - - - -    
Salmonella kentucky - - - 5 - -    
Salmonella napoli - - - 5 - -    
Salmonella newport 5 7 8 6 - -    
Salmonella oranienburg 5 - - - - -    
Salmonella sp 32 30 55 52 174 236    
Salmonella stanley 5 - - - - -    
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 9 19 14 11 17 14    
Salmonella typhimurium 33 28 38 45 21 16    
Salmonella virchow - 5 - - - -    
Slmonella enterica - - - 6 5 -    
Shigella                
Shigella boydii 1 2 1 2 - -    
Shigella dysenteriae 1 - - - - -    
Shigella flexneri 23 13 18 17 11 6    
Shigella sonnei 23 15 26 35 13 17    
Shigella sp 69 65 61 77 71 72    
Streptococcus                
Streptococcus group A 51 65 52 32 50 66    
Streptococcus pneumoniae 74 78 62 61 60 56    
Vibrio                
Vibrio cholerae 1 2 2 3 2 1    

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33 2024/34 2024/35
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 2 - - 1 -
  KPC 1 1 1 - 2 1
  NDM 2 1 2 2 1 -
  OXA48 4 4 4 3 1 -
  VIM - 2 - - - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 2 5 8 2 -
  KPC 8 5 6 7 5 5
  NDM 12 12 7 11 8 2
  OXA48 5 6 5 4 5 2
  VIM - 2 - 1 2 -
  Other 2 1 1 1 1 -
Other enterobacter spp IMP - 1 - 2 - -
  KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM 3 4 1 1 - -
  OXA48 - - - 1 1 1
  VIM 1 1 - 2 - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 4 1 - - -
  KPC 5 12 7 9 6 3
  NDM 19 21 9 21 8 6
  OXA48 25 27 19 18 16 5
  VIM - 4 - - 1 -
  Other 1 3 1 1 1 -
Escherichia hermannii IMP - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Escherichia vulneris NDM 1 - - - - -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - 1 - - 1 -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - 1 - - - -
  KPC 2 - 1 - - -
  NDM 1 1 2 - - -
  OXA48 - 1 - 1 1 -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 6 10 - 2 3 -
  KPC 24 22 16 14 30 3
  NDM 15 13 8 11 6 6
  OXA48 13 13 9 12 15 3
  VIM - 4 - 2 - -
  Other 2 1 1 1 3 1
Klebsiella variicola KPC 1 - - - - -
  NDM 1 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - 1
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - 1 - - -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - - 1 -
Pantoea              
Pantoea agglomerans IMP - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Pantoea septica KPC - - - - - 1
Phytobacter              
Pytobacter ursingii KPC - 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 1 - 1 1 1
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Other raoultella spp NDM 1 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica IMP - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 2 - - - - -
  Other - - - - - 1

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/30 2024/31 2024/32 2024/33 2024/34 2024/35
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 2 3 2 3 1 -
  Other - 1 1 - - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - 2 - 2 - -
  NDM - - - 4 1 -
  VIM - 1 1 - - -
  Other 2 1 1 1 5 -
Pseudomonas monteilli VIM 1 - - - - -
Pseudomonas stutzeri group VIM - - - - - 1
Other              
  KPC - - - - 2 -
  NDM - - 1 - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 1 -
  Other - - - 1 - -