Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 40 (week ending 6 October 2024)
Updated 20 December 2024
Applies to England and Wales
© Crown copyright 2024
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Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- hepatitis A
- hepatitis B
- hepatitis C
- epatitis D
- hepatitis E
- influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox virus
- mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | 2024/37 | 2024/38 | 2024/39 | 2024/40 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile virus | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 19 | 27 | 19 | 31 | 17 | 10 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 106 | 100 | 104 | 86 | 103 | 59 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 47 | 66 | 51 | 42 | 27 | 48 |
| Borrelia sp | 6 | 13 | 8 | 11 | 2 | 5 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | 1 | - | 3 | 1 |
| Brucella sp | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 58 | 62 | 57 | 36 | 53 | 43 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 324 | 369 | 340 | 316 | 363 | 283 |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | 3 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,103 | 1,281 | 1,268 | 1,168 | 1,196 | 1,299 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 28 | 24 | 30 | 33 | 29 | 21 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 21 | 15 | 9 | 24 | 17 | 14 |
| SARS coronavirus | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 87 | 60 | 122 | 100 | 68 | 71 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | 4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 1,607 | 1,739 | 1,744 | 2,523 | 2,993 | 3,056 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 41 | 72 | 59 | 65 | 78 | 102 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 8 | 16 | 36 | 19 | 19 | 19 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 62 | 113 | 337 | 170 | 113 | 97 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 16 | 22 | 11 | 12 | 17 | 13 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 49 | 37 | 63 | 62 | 75 | 61 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | 3 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium felis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 22 | 38 | 28 | 38 | 32 | 15 |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 68 | 67 | 48 | 72 | 60 | 24 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 42 | 71 | 80 | 97 | 75 | 103 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 1 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 16 | 29 | 30 | 20 | 20 | 9 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 13 | 9 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 2 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia sp | 97 | 143 | 149 | 120 | 121 | 107 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 62 | 47 | 39 | 35 | 43 | 58 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 12 | 24 | 28 | 29 | 33 | 33 |
| Hepatitis B | 234 | 296 | 298 | 301 | 306 | 317 |
| Hepatitis C | 255 | 249 | 277 | 270 | 283 | 271 |
| Hepatitis D | 4 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 |
| Hepatitis E | 18 | 34 | 45 | 26 | 38 | 43 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 219 | 219 | 240 | 334 | 393 | 450 |
| Influenza B | 14 | 18 | 23 | 40 | 65 | 71 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | 1 | - | 4 | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 5 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 10 | 4 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 15 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 7 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 3 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 71 | 96 | 110 | 75 | 73 | 80 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 12 | 24 | 16 | 13 | 21 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus | 6 | 17 | 19 | 11 | 11 | 5 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 33 | 29 | 22 | 18 | 19 | 12 |
| Mumps virus | 4 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | 28 | - | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 45 | 60 | 64 | 55 | 73 | 46 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 15 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 8 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 12 | 14 | 22 | 19 | 15 | 10 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia mooseri | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia prowazekii | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 81 | 89 | 68 | 99 | 40 | 44 |
| Salmonella agona | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella bareilly | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella blockley | 18 | 20 | 7 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella braenderup | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella chester | - | 6 | 7 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 116 | 124 | 140 | 116 | 37 | 38 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 7 | 9 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | 5 | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | 11 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella mikawasima | - | 9 | 8 | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 5 | 15 | - | 8 | 5 | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 30 | 51 | 76 | 72 | 180 | 255 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 17 | 14 | 29 | 39 | 37 | 18 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 44 | 65 | 53 | 42 | 28 | 22 |
| Salmonella enterica | - | - | 10 | 10 | 5 | 6 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 16 | 21 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 14 |
| Shigella sonnei | 23 | 26 | 21 | 27 | 21 | 16 |
| Shigella sp | 60 | 75 | 89 | 99 | 84 | 74 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 65 | 69 | 65 | 45 | 42 | 41 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 59 | 46 | 61 | 59 | 77 | 88 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | 2024/37 | 2024/38 | 2024/39 | 2024/40 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | - |
| KPC | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | |
| NDM | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | - | 1 | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| KPC | 8 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 6 | |
| NDM | 4 | 4 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 6 | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Other | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | |
| Enterobacter other named | IMP | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | 3 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| VIM | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | - |
| KPC | 4 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 5 | - | |
| NDM | 20 | 16 | 19 | 14 | 20 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 20 | 16 | 22 | 25 | 19 | 4 | |
| Other | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | |
| OXA48 | - | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| VIM | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| KPC | 17 | 18 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 7 | |
| NDM | 16 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 4 | |
| OXA48 | 9 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 2 | |
| VIM | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| VIM | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea septica | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| NDM | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Pluralibacter | |||||||
| Pluralibacter spp | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| NDM | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Proteus vulgaris | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other proteus spp | NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Providencia | |||||||
| Providencia spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2024/35 | 2024/36 | 2024/37 | 2024/38 | 2024/39 | 2024/40 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | 2 | 3 | - | 1 | - |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | - | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | - | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - | |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Pseudomonas stutzeri group | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other | |||||||
| KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |