Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 9 (week ending 3 March 2024)

Updated 4 November 2024

Applies to England and Wales

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • Hepatitis A
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Hepatitis D
  • Hepatitis E
  • Influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • Measles virus
  • Mpox (monkeypox) virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium knowlesi
  • Plasmodium malariae
  • Plasmodium ovale
  • Plasmodium vivax
  • Polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2024/04 2024/05 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09
Arboviruses            
West Nile virus - - 1 - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 21 19 14 17 10 17
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 71 75 111 72 94 118
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 13 21 12 11 12 12
Borrelia sp 4 4 2 2 1 2
Brucella            
Brucella melitensis - - - 1 - -
Brucella sp - - 1 - - 3
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 14 16 17 17 18 12
Campylobacter fetus - - - 2 - -
Campylobacter jejuni 201 198 207 218 223 188
Campylobacter other named - - 1 1 2 -
Campylobacter sp 768 740 861 709 809 764
Campylobacter upsaliensis - 3 1 1 - 1
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - 2 1 1 2 -
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 28 40 40 30 32 30
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 201 234 236 251 177 234
Human coronavirus 229e 2 3 3 - 3 -
Human coronavirus hku1 3 5 3 4 3 2
SARS coronavirus - 1 - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 239 175 131 120 134 132
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 2 - 2 4 2 -
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 5,611 4,520 3,965 2,502 1,783 1,326
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 119 89 68 71 40 38
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 24 20 36 17 11 16
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 148 180 151 134 91 162
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 22 32 34 37 51 7
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 125 103 117 79 122 40
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 1 1 3 4 3
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 - 2 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 2 1 1 8 5 2
Cryptosporidium parvum 8 8 3 10 5 4
Cryptosporidium sp 48 64 51 31 25 54
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 2 1 1 2 2 1
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 4 1 3 5 4 9
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 7 7 3 9 10 5
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 68 81 62 92 71 80
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 19 29 22 21 14 19
Hepatitis B 383 327 374 390 393 319
Hepatitis C 253 233 239 269 275 240
Hepatitis D 4 9 11 10 9 4
Hepatitis E 19 35 35 36 32 37
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 5,834 5,324 4,795 3,654 2,554 2,023
Influenza B 277 301 383 386 367 335
Influenza indeterminate 14 6 - 6 8 7
Influenza ungrouped 122 126 284 74 113 50
Legionella            
Legionella pneumophila 11 4 4 1 5 1
Legionella sp - 2 - 1 1 6
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 - - 1 - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 3 2 10 11 2 2
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75 78 83 82 64 80
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 34 31 32 16 24 23
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus - 2 4 2 3 1
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 45 52 48 47 59 140
Mumps virus 15 6 11 11 10 12
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum 1 - - - 23 1
Plasmodium ovale - 1 - - 3 -
Plasmodium vivax - - - - 1 -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 45 62 38 47 66 55
Polyomavirus JC 7 8 6 5 14 2
Polyomavirus untyped 20 14 12 16 22 6
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia spotted fever - - - - 1 -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - - 1 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 3 9 1 1 3 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 48 55 27 54 41 17
Salmonella enterica - - - - - 5
Salmonella enteritidis 18 22 32 24 15 9
Salmonella newport - - 5 - - -
Salmonella sp 21 11 20 20 62 98
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 14 16 19 10 14 11
Salmonella typhimurium 31 31 22 22 14 16
Slmonella enterica - 5 - 5 - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 - 2 1 3 -
Shigella dysenteriae - 1 - 1 1 -
Shigella flexneri 10 21 21 16 13 8
Shigella sonnei 23 23 34 21 19 26
Shigella sp 45 46 48 51 57 72
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 85 72 81 77 84 67
Streptococcus pneumoniae 115 168 190 178 151 136

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/04 2024/05 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - 2 - - 1 -
  KPC 1 - 1 - 1 -
  NDM 4 2 - 2 - -
  OXA48 7 4 3 - 1 -
  Other 1 1 - - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP - 3 3 1 - -
  KPC 4 2 5 5 4 3
  NDM 8 5 3 3 7 2
  OXA48 5 4 3 5 6 2
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other 1 - 1 1 - -
Enterobacter other named IMP 1 - - - - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 1 - - - - -
  KPC - 1 - - 1 -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 1 - - 1 1 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 2 1 1 - -
  KPC 1 1 4 4 2 1
  NDM 14 20 11 16 6 7
  OXA48 17 17 17 14 18 6
  VIM - 1 - - 1 -
  Other 1 2 3 1 1 -
Escherichia hermannii KPC - - - - 1 -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - - - - - 1
  OXA48 - - - 1 1 -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca KPC 1 1 2 4 3 4
  NDM 1 - - 1 - -
  OXA48 3 2 - 1 2 1
  Other 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 1 - 2 - -
  KPC 10 1 6 9 2 3
  NDM 13 3 11 8 8 3
  OXA48 11 11 15 8 12 7
  VIM 1 1 1 1 - -
  Other 1 1 1 1 1 -
Klebsiella variicola KPC 1 - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia adecarboxylata KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 1 -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - - - 1
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 - - - 1 -
Providencia              
Providencia stuartii NDM - 1 - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM 1 - - - - -
  Other - - 1 - - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2024/04 2024/05 2024/06 2024/07 2024/08 2024/09
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - - 2 - 1 2
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - 1 - - - -
  NDM - 3 1 - 1 -
  VIM - 2 - - - -
  Other 1 1 2 1 - -
Other              
  NDM 1 - - - 1 -
  OXA48 2 - - - - -