Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 10 (week ending 9 March 2025)

Updated 10 March 2025

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2025/05 2025/06 2025/07 2025/08 2025/09 2025/10
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - - 1 1 -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 26 23 12 18 14 15
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 14 10 11 12 7 7
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 18 19 14 28 19 11
Borrelia sp 7 5 3 3 7 3
Brucella            
Brucella sp - 2 - - 4 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 27 28 27 32 22 27
Campylobacter concisus - - 1 - - -
Campylobacter fetus - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter jejuni 293 266 335 302 294 261
Campylobacter other named 3 3 1 2 3 2
Campylobacter rectus - - - - 1 -
Campylobacter sp 937 1,042 1,033 926 1,015 1,068
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 1 1 1 4 -
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 1 1 - - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 1 - 1 1 2 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 46 29 39 42 31 24
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 265 253 273 236 238 188
Human coronavirus 229e - - - - 1 1
Human coronavirus hku1 7 - 1 2 1 5
Human coronavirus oc43 - 1 - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 1 - 2 2 - 2
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 34 26 40 12 14 26
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 886 814 852 928 902 916
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 44 67 36 48 41 55
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 22 35 20 27 7 11
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 58 119 87 83 32 60
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 4 - 6 12 8 4
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 39 20 25 13 8 8
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 7 1 1 3 3 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 1 - - 1 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 1 - - - - 1
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus 1 - - - - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 3 12 9 4 4 -
Cryptosporidium parvum 23 17 19 17 17 4
Cryptosporidium sp 23 17 25 18 29 54
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 3 - 5 3 2 6
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 10 4 5 6 6 7
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 4 1 1 5 5 1
Giardia            
Giardia sp 140 123 127 106 96 123
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 87 73 72 76 79 84
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 24 20 34 18 17 17
Hepatitis B 339 282 306 296 275 261
Hepatitis C 287 298 315 286 210 262
Hepatitis D 6 7 7 9 3 10
Hepatitis E 22 42 37 34 45 40
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 4,111 2,984 2,434 2,208 1,807 1,649
Influenza B 1,858 2,125 2,226 2,191 2,045 1,637
Influenza indeterminate 4 6 10 1 - 1
Influenza ungrouped 124 121 85 75 75 59
Legionella            
Legionella pneumophila 4 9 9 1 7 11
Legionella sp - 5 3 - 1 7
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 1 - - - -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 2 5 4 5 3 7
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 79 90 103 79 91 82
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 39 45 31 33 29 17
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 7 8 2 4 4 4
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 18 18 6 15 20 17
Mumps virus 5 5 5 12 9 7
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - - 16 - 1 1
Plasmodium ovale - - 2 - - -
Plasmodium vivax - - 2 - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 59 57 52 43 60 60
Polyomavirus JC 10 7 11 9 6 9
Polyomavirus untyped 17 17 10 17 11 14
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - - 1 - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - - 2 - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 2 5 2 4 2
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 61 52 59 47 34 20
Salmonella enteritidis 23 26 18 18 14 10
Salmonella infantis - 5 - - - -
Salmonella java - - 5 7 - -
Salmonella newport 5 - - - - -
Salmonella saint-paul - - - - 11 -
Salmonella sp 16 28 25 10 60 130
Salmonella stanley - 5 - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 8 15 12 13 14 -
Salmonella typhimurium 22 15 16 13 22 -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 1 1 - 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae - - 1 - - -
Shigella flexneri 13 13 20 13 14 9
Shigella sonnei 25 18 15 17 9 6
Shigella sp 43 51 53 31 60 69
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 74 76 53 73 59 50
Streptococcus pneumoniae 153 165 147 150 180 138
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 2 3 - 2 - 1

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/05 2025/06 2025/07 2025/08 2025/09 2025/10
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp KPC 1 3 - 1 3 -
  NDM 1 - - 2 1 -
  OXA48 2 2 - - 3 1
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other - - - 1 1 -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 4 1 1 3 4 -
  KPC 7 5 1 - 1 1
  NDM 8 4 5 2 4 3
  OXA48 3 4 2 2 4 -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other - 1 - 1 2 -
Enterobacter other named KPC 1 - - - - -
Other enterobacter spp NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 - 2 - - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - 1 2 - - -
  KPC 1 1 2 1 2 -
  NDM 11 18 16 10 13 2
  OXA48 25 15 23 19 17 4
  Other 2 1 2 2 1 -
Escherichia hermannii OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - 2 - - 1 -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP 1 - 1 - - 1
  KPC - 1 1 - - 1
  NDM - 1 1 2 - -
  OXA48 1 1 1 1 - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 1 2 2 1 - 1
  KPC 7 8 10 7 12 1
  NDM 8 10 7 8 7 -
  OXA48 10 9 14 13 8 2
  VIM 1 1 - - - -
  Other 1 1 3 1 3 -
Klebsiella variicola OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Kluyvera              
Kluyvera spp OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 2 - - - - -
  Other 1 - - - - -
Pantoea              
Pantoea spp Other - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 6 3 1 2 2 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -
  Other 1 2 2 1 1 -
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 1 - - - 1 -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/05 2025/06 2025/07 2025/08 2025/09 2025/10
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - - - 2 1 2
Acinetobacter pittii NDM 1 - - - - -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - - 1 - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa NDM 2 - - 2 1 -
  Other 1 - 1 2 1 -
Pseudomonas nitroreducens VIM 1 - - - - -
Pseudomonas stutzeri group NDM - - - 1 - -
Other pseudomonas spp NDM 1 - - - - -
Other              
  KPC - - - - 1 -
  NDM - - - 1 - -
  OXA48 1 - - 1 - -