Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 11 (week ending 16 March 2025)

Updated 28 March 2025

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2025/06 2025/07 2025/08 2025/09 2025/10 2025/11
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus - - 1 1 - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 23 12 18 14 15 15
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 10 11 12 7 8 11
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 19 14 28 19 11 18
Borrelia sp 5 3 3 7 3 3
Brucella            
Brucella sp 2 - - 4 - 3
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 28 27 32 23 29 26
Campylobacter concisus - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter fetus - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter jejuni 266 335 302 297 302 282
Campylobacter other named 3 1 2 3 2 2
Campylobacter rectus - - - 1 - -
Campylobacter sp 1,042 1,038 933 1,030 1,034 1,142
Campylobacter upsaliensis 1 1 1 4 - 3
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 1 - - - - -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus - 1 1 2 1 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 29 39 42 31 24 37
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 253 273 236 238 189 169
Human coronavirus 229e - - - 1 1 -
Human coronavirus hku1 - 1 2 1 5 1
Human coronavirus oc43 1 - - - - -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate - 2 2 - 2 5
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 26 40 12 14 26 34
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 814 852 928 902 917 895
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 67 36 48 41 55 42
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 35 20 27 7 11 9
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 119 87 83 32 60 63
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative - 6 12 8 4 12
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 20 25 13 8 8 41
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 1 3 3 1 4
Corynebacterium ulcerans 1 - - 1 - -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii - - - - 1 -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium hominis 12 9 4 4 1 1
Cryptosporidium parvum 17 19 17 17 11 6
Cryptosporidium sp 17 25 18 28 46 47
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica - 5 3 2 6 2
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 4 5 6 7 7 9
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 1 1 5 5 1 2
Giardia            
Giardia sp 123 127 106 95 123 123
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 73 72 76 79 84 91
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 20 34 18 18 18 13
Hepatitis B 282 306 297 275 285 273
Hepatitis C 298 315 286 212 274 278
Hepatitis D 7 7 9 3 9 8
Hepatitis E 42 38 34 45 39 58
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 2,984 2,434 2,208 1,807 1,650 1,343
Influenza B 2,125 2,220 2,191 2,045 1,637 1,430
Influenza indeterminate 6 10 1 - 1 -
Influenza ungrouped 121 85 75 75 59 40
Legionella            
Legionella pneumophila 9 9 1 7 11 6
Legionella sp 5 3 - 1 7 2
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans 1 - - - - 1
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 5 4 5 2 7 3
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 90 104 82 95 83 78
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 45 30 33 29 17 33
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 8 2 4 4 4 3
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 18 6 15 20 16 10
Mumps virus 5 5 12 9 7 13
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - 16 - 1 1 7
Plasmodium malariae - - - - - 1
Plasmodium ovale - 2 - - - 1
Plasmodium vivax - 2 - - - -
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 57 52 43 60 60 69
Polyomavirus JC 7 11 9 6 9 7
Polyomavirus untyped 17 10 17 11 14 20
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - 1 - - - -
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - - 2 - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 2 5 2 4 1 1
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 52 61 46 46 30 19
Salmonella enteritidis 26 19 17 25 20 -
Salmonella infantis 5 - - - - -
Salmonella java - 5 7 - - -
Salmonella saint-paul - - - 14 - -
Salmonella sp 28 24 10 29 97 138
Salmonella stanley 5 - - - - -
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 15 12 13 15 5 6
Salmonella typhimurium 15 16 13 28 10 5
Shigella            
Shigella boydii 1 1 - 1 - 1
Shigella dysenteriae - 1 - - - -
Shigella flexneri 13 20 14 18 12 10
Shigella sonnei 18 16 16 12 8 7
Shigella sp 51 55 33 58 65 81
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 75 53 73 61 50 58
Streptococcus pneumoniae 165 147 151 181 141 127
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 3 - 2 - 1 2

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/06 2025/07 2025/08 2025/09 2025/10 2025/11
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP - - - - 1 -
  KPC 3 - 1 3 - -
  NDM - - 2 2 - -
  OXA48 2 - - 4 2 -
  VIM - - - 2 - -
  Other - - 1 1 - 1
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 1 1 3 4 1 -
  KPC 6 1 - 2 2 -
  NDM 4 6 2 5 10 -
  OXA48 4 2 2 4 - -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other 1 - 1 2 - -
Other enterobacter spp KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM 1 - - - - -
  OXA48 2 - - - - -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP 1 2 - - - -
  KPC 1 2 1 2 1 2
  NDM 18 16 13 15 18 5
  OXA48 15 23 20 19 22 5
  Other 1 2 2 1 - 1
Escherichia hermannii OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 2 - - 1 - -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - 1 - - 1 -
  KPC 1 1 - - 1 1
  NDM 2 1 2 - 1 -
  OXA48 1 1 1 - 1 -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP 2 2 1 - 1 -
  KPC 8 10 7 15 6 1
  NDM 10 7 8 8 5 3
  OXA48 9 14 13 9 10 2
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other 1 3 1 3 - 1
Klebsiella variicola OXA48 - - 1 - - -
Other klebsiella spp OXA48 - 1 - - - -
Kluyvera              
Kluyvera spp OXA48 1 - - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii NDM - - - 1 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Pantoea              
Pantoea spp Other - - 1 - - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 3 1 2 2 3 -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -
  Other 2 2 1 1 2 -
Raoultella              
Raoultella ornithinolytica OXA48 - - - 1 - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica NDM - - - - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/06 2025/07 2025/08 2025/09 2025/10 2025/11
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM - - 2 1 3 -
Other acinetobacter spp NDM - - 1 - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - 1 - - -
  NDM - - 2 1 2 -
  Other - 1 2 2 1 1
Pseudomonas stutzeri group NDM - - 1 - - -
Other pseudomonas spp NDM - - - 1 1 -
  VIM - - - 1 - -
  Other - - - 1 1 -
Other              
  KPC - - - 1 - -
  NDM - - 1 - - -
  OXA48 - - 1 - - -