Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 11 (week ending 16 March 2025)
Updated 24 April 2025
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This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2025/noids-causative-agents-week-11-week-ending-16-march-2025
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia spp
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- hepatitis A
- hepatitis B
- hepatitis C
- hepatitis D
- hepatitis E
- influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- measles virus
- mpox virus
- mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2025/06 | 2025/07 | 2025/08 | 2025/09 | 2025/10 | 2025/11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | ||||||
| West Nile Virus | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | ||||||
| Bacillus cereus | 23 | 12 | 18 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| Bordetella | ||||||
| Bordetella pertussis | 10 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 11 |
| Borrelia | ||||||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 19 | 14 | 28 | 19 | 11 | 18 |
| Borrelia sp | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 |
| Brucella | ||||||
| Brucella sp | 2 | - | - | 4 | - | 3 |
| Campylobacter | ||||||
| Campylobacter coli | 28 | 27 | 32 | 23 | 29 | 26 |
| Campylobacter concisus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 266 | 335 | 302 | 297 | 302 | 282 |
| Campylobacter other named | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,042 | 1,038 | 933 | 1,030 | 1,034 | 1,142 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | - | 3 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | ||||||
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | ||||||
| Clostridium perfringens | 29 | 39 | 42 | 31 | 24 | 37 |
| Coronavirus | ||||||
| Coronavirus | 253 | 273 | 236 | 238 | 189 | 169 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Human coronavirus oc43 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | - | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | 5 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 26 | 40 | 12 | 14 | 26 | 34 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 814 | 852 | 928 | 902 | 917 | 895 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 67 | 36 | 48 | 41 | 55 | 42 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 35 | 20 | 27 | 7 | 11 | 9 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 119 | 87 | 83 | 32 | 60 | 63 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | - | 6 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 20 | 25 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 41 |
| Corynebacterium | ||||||
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Coxiella | ||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | ||||||
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 12 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 17 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 6 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 17 | 25 | 18 | 28 | 46 | 47 |
| Entamoeba | ||||||
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| Escherichia | ||||||
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 |
| Flaviviruses | ||||||
| Dengue virus | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
| Giardia | ||||||
| Giardia sp | 123 | 127 | 106 | 95 | 123 | 123 |
| Haemophilus | ||||||
| Haemophilus influenzae | 73 | 72 | 76 | 79 | 84 | 91 |
| Hepatitis viruses | ||||||
| Hepatitis A | 20 | 34 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 13 |
| Hepatitis B | 282 | 306 | 297 | 275 | 285 | 273 |
| Hepatitis C | 298 | 315 | 286 | 212 | 274 | 278 |
| Hepatitis D | 7 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 8 |
| Hepatitis E | 42 | 38 | 34 | 45 | 39 | 58 |
| Influenza virus | ||||||
| Influenza A | 2,984 | 2,434 | 2,208 | 1,807 | 1,650 | 1,343 |
| Influenza B | 2,125 | 2,220 | 2,191 | 2,045 | 1,637 | 1,430 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 6 | 10 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 121 | 85 | 75 | 75 | 59 | 40 |
| Legionella | ||||||
| Legionella pneumophila | 9 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 6 |
| Legionella sp | 5 | 3 | - | 1 | 7 | 2 |
| Leptospira | ||||||
| Leptospira interrogans | 1 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Listeria | ||||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | ||||||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 90 | 104 | 82 | 95 | 83 | 78 |
| Neisseria | ||||||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 45 | 30 | 33 | 29 | 17 | 33 |
| Orthopoxvirus | ||||||
| Mpox virus positive | 8 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Paramyxoviruses | ||||||
| Measles virus | 18 | 6 | 15 | 20 | 16 | 10 |
| Mumps virus | 5 | 5 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 13 |
| Plasmodium | ||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | 16 | - | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | 2 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | ||||||
| Polyomavirus BK | 57 | 52 | 43 | 60 | 60 | 69 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 7 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 7 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | 17 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 20 |
| Rickettsia | ||||||
| Rickettsia sp | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | ||||||
| Rubella virus | 2 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Salmonella | ||||||
| Other salmonellas | 52 | 61 | 46 | 46 | 30 | 19 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 26 | 19 | 17 | 25 | 20 | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella java | - | 5 | 7 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | - | - | 14 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 28 | 24 | 10 | 29 | 97 | 138 |
| Salmonella stanley | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 15 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 5 | 6 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 15 | 16 | 13 | 28 | 10 | 5 |
| Shigella | ||||||
| Shigella boydii | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 13 | 20 | 14 | 18 | 12 | 10 |
| Shigella sonnei | 18 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 7 |
| Shigella sp | 51 | 55 | 33 | 58 | 65 | 81 |
| Streptococcus | ||||||
| Streptococcus group A | 75 | 53 | 73 | 61 | 50 | 58 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 165 | 147 | 151 | 181 | 141 | 127 |
| Vibrio | ||||||
| Vibrio cholerae | 3 | - | 2 | - | 1 | 2 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2025/06 | 2025/07 | 2025/08 | 2025/09 | 2025/10 | 2025/11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | |||||||
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 3 | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | - | - | 4 | 2 | - | |
| VIM | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Enterobacter | |||||||
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | - |
| KPC | 6 | 1 | - | 2 | 2 | - | |
| NDM | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 10 | - | |
| OXA48 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | - | - | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | |
| Other enterobacter spp | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| NDM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Escherichia | |||||||
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| KPC | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| NDM | 18 | 16 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 5 | |
| OXA48 | 15 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 5 | |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | |
| Escherichia hermannii | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | |||||||
| Klebsiella aerogenes | OXA48 | 2 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | |
| NDM | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - | |
| OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| KPC | 8 | 10 | 7 | 15 | 6 | 1 | |
| NDM | 10 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 3 | |
| OXA48 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 2 | |
| VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Other | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | |
| Klebsiella variicola | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Kluyvera | |||||||
| Kluyvera spp | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Morganella | |||||||
| Morganella morganii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Pantoea | |||||||
| Pantoea spp | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Proteus | |||||||
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| Other | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| Raoultella | |||||||
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | |||||||
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms
For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.
Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2025/06 | 2025/07 | 2025/08 | 2025/09 | 2025/10 | 2025/11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | |||||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | NDM | - | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | |||||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| NDM | - | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | |
| Other | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pseudomonas stutzeri group | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| Other | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | |
| Other | |||||||
| KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | |
| NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | |
| OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |