Research and analysis

NOIDs causative agents: week 7 (week ending 16 February 2025)

Updated 10 March 2025

Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Borrelia spp
  • Brucella spp
  • Burkholderia mallei
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • Campylobacter spp
  • Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Corynebacterium ulcerans
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Cryptosporidium spp
  • Dengue virus
  • Ebola virus
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Escherichia coli O 157
  • Francisella tularensis
  • Giardia spp
  • Guanarito virus
  • Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
  • Hanta virus
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis D
  • hepatitis E
  • influenza virus
  • Junin virus
  • Kyasanur Forest disease virus
  • Lassa virus
  • Legionella spp
  • Leptospira interrogans
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Machupo virus
  • Marburg virus
  • measles virus
  • mpox virus
  • mumps virus
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
  • Plasmodium falciparum
  • Plasmodium Knowlesi
  • Plasmodium Malariae
  • Plasmodium Ovale
  • Plasmodium Vivax
  • polio virus
  • Rabies virus
  • Rickettsia spp
  • Rift Valley fever virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Sabia virus
  • Salmonella spp
  • SARS coronavirus
  • Shigella spp
  • Streptococcus group A (invasive)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
  • Varicella zoster virus
  • Variola virus
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • West Nile virus
  • Yellow fever virus
  • Yersinia pestis

Statutory Notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism

Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.

Week notification received 2025/02 2025/03 2025/04 2025/05 2025/06 2025/07
Arboviruses            
West Nile Virus 1 - - - - -
Bacillus            
Bacillus cereus 19 12 13 26 23 12
Bordetella            
Bordetella pertussis 20 18 11 14 10 11
Borrelia            
Borrelia burgdorferi 19 25 22 18 19 14
Borrelia sp 2 4 4 7 5 3
Brucella            
Brucella sp 2 2 3 - 2 -
Campylobacter            
Campylobacter coli 31 31 29 27 28 21
Campylobacter concisus - - - - - 1
Campylobacter jejuni 275 322 267 292 263 273
Campylobacter lari - 1 - - - -
Campylobacter other named 2 3 2 3 3 1
Campylobacter sp 838 934 949 938 1,045 1,104
Campylobacter upsaliensis - - - 1 1 1
Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) 2 2 1 1 1 -
Chikungunya virus            
Chikungunya virus 2 2 - 1 - 1
Clostridium            
Clostridium perfringens 39 42 26 46 29 39
Clostridium tetani - - 1 - - -
Coronavirus            
Coronavirus 197 201 215 265 253 270
Human coronavirus 229e 1 - - - - -
Human coronavirus hku1 2 4 3 7 - 1
Human coronavirus nl63 - - 1 - - -
Human coronavirus oc43 - 2 - - 1 -
SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate 1 1 2 1 - 2
SARS-CoV-2 antibody void 30 24 40 34 26 40
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) 931 837 780 886 819 853
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate 67 42 65 44 67 36
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative 26 20 9 22 35 20
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive 93 77 38 58 119 87
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative 5 4 7 4 - 6
SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive 25 33 38 39 20 25
Corynebacterium            
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 4 5 3 7 1 1
Corynebacterium ulcerans - 2 - - 1 -
Coxiella            
Coxiella burnetii 1 - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium            
Cryptosporidium cuniculus - - - 1 - -
Cryptosporidium hominis 7 3 3 3 11 2
Cryptosporidium parvum 24 18 27 23 16 7
Cryptosporidium sp 17 22 21 23 19 44
Cryptosporidium ubiquitum - 1 2 - - -
Entamoeba            
Entamoeba histolytica 2 - 1 3 - 5
Escherichia            
Escherichia coli O 157 8 8 8 9 4 3
Flaviviruses            
Dengue virus 3 4 5 4 1 1
Giardia            
Giardia sp 111 115 99 136 121 125
Haemophilus            
Haemophilus influenzae 88 72 92 87 72 71
Hepatitis viruses            
Hepatitis A 20 29 14 25 20 34
Hepatitis B 281 281 306 337 280 286
Hepatitis C 234 238 245 286 293 308
Hepatitis D 5 7 11 6 7 7
Hepatitis E 36 28 38 22 42 36
Influenza virus            
Influenza A 9,801 6,691 5,181 4,112 2,986 2,418
Influenza B 1,073 1,134 1,593 1,858 2,124 2,217
Influenza indeterminate 11 3 2 4 6 10
Influenza ungrouped 218 179 145 125 120 85
Legionella            
Legionella pneumophila 6 6 5 4 9 8
Legionella sp 2 1 3 - 5 4
Leptospira            
Leptospira interrogans - 1 - 1 1 -
Listeria            
Listeria monocytogenes 5 4 4 2 5 6
Mycobacterium            
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 99 69 91 76 84 82
Neisseria            
Neisseria meningitidis 42 33 34 39 45 31
Orthopoxvirus            
Mpox virus positive 7 3 4 7 8 2
Paramyxoviruses            
Measles virus 17 26 20 18 18 6
Mumps virus 3 5 7 5 5 5
Plasmodium            
Plasmodium falciparum - 1 - - - 16
Plasmodium ovale - - - - - 2
Plasmodium vivax - - - - - 2
Polyomavirus            
Polyomavirus BK 56 80 60 59 57 52
Polyomavirus JC 7 16 7 10 7 11
Polyomavirus untyped 20 25 14 17 17 10
Rickettsia            
Rickettsia sp - - - - - 1
Rickettsia spotted fever 1 - - - - -
Rubella virus            
Rubella virus 1 4 - 1 2 5
Salmonella            
Other salmonellas 56 54 55 62 34 23
Salmonella chester - - 7 - - -
Salmonella enteritidis 28 33 22 23 18 -
Salmonella newport - 8 - - - -
Salmonella sp 16 15 20 21 70 104
Salmonella typhi and paratyphi 8 8 19 8 15 8
Salmonella typhimurium 28 30 26 21 9 -
Salmonella virchow - 6 - - - -
Shigella            
Shigella boydii - 2 2 - 1 -
Shigella dysenteriae 2 - - - - -
Shigella flexneri 29 17 20 13 12 10
Shigella sonnei 11 31 36 25 17 10
Shigella sp 65 68 48 43 53 70
Streptococcus            
Streptococcus group A 61 81 63 74 76 52
Streptococcus pneumoniae 243 146 163 153 163 142
Vibrio            
Vibrio cholerae 2 1 1 2 2 -

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/02 2025/03 2025/04 2025/05 2025/06 2025/07
Citrobacter              
Citrobacter spp IMP 1 - - - - -
  KPC - 1 1 1 2 -
  NDM 1 1 - 1 - -
  OXA48 - 5 2 1 2 -
  Other - - 1 - - -
Enterobacter              
Enterobacter cloacae complex IMP 3 - 2 3 1 -
  KPC 5 5 5 7 5 -
  NDM 4 11 14 8 2 1
  OXA48 2 7 8 3 3 -
  VIM - - - - 1 -
  Other 1 1 1 - 1 -
Enterobacter other named IMP - 1 - - - -
  KPC - - 2 1 - -
Other enterobacter spp IMP 2 2 - - - -
  NDM 2 - 2 - 1 -
  OXA48 - - - - 2 -
Escherichia              
Escherichia coli IMP - - 1 - 1 1
  KPC 2 1 2 1 1 -
  NDM 16 13 9 9 15 3
  OXA48 25 25 21 21 14 4
  VIM 1 - - - - -
  Other 2 3 1 2 1 1
Escherichia hermannii KPC 1 - - - - -
Escherichia vulneris KPC 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella              
Klebsiella aerogenes OXA48 - - - - 2 -
Klebsiella oxytoca IMP - - 1 1 - -
  KPC - 3 2 - 1 -
  NDM - 1 1 - 1 -
  OXA48 - 2 - 1 1 -
  VIM 1 - - - - -
Klebsiella pneumoniae IMP - 1 3 1 1 -
  KPC 4 8 6 7 5 3
  NDM 5 12 6 8 7 2
  OXA48 17 11 19 10 7 2
  VIM - - - 1 1 -
  Other 1 1 2 1 - -
Klebsiella variicola KPC - 1 - - - -
Other klebsiella spp NDM - 1 - - - -
  OXA48 1 1 - - - -
Kluyvera              
Kluyvera spp OXA48 - - - - 1 -
Leclercia              
Leclercia spp NDM - 1 - - - -
Morganella              
Morganella morganii OXA48 - - - 2 - -
  Other - - - 1 - -
Proteus              
Proteus mirabilis NDM 1 1 - 6 3 1
  OXA48 - 1 - - - -
  Other 2 - 1 1 2 1
Raoultella              
Raoultella spp OXA48 1 - - - - -
Serratia              
Serratia marcescens/ureilytica OXA48 - - - 1 - -

Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms

For all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.

Note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.

Week notification received 2025/02 2025/03 2025/04 2025/05 2025/06 2025/07
Acinetobacter              
Acinetobacter baumannii NDM 1 1 - - - -
Acinetobacter pittii NDM - - - 1 - -
Acinetobacter variabilis NDM 1 - - - - -
Pseudomonas              
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IMP - - 1 - - -
  NDM 2 1 2 2 - -
  VIM - 1 - - - -
  Other 3 1 2 1 - 1
Pseudomonas nitroreducens VIM - - - 1 - -
Other pseudomonas spp NDM - - - 1 - -
Other              
  OXA48 - - - 1 - -