Research and analysis

Quarterly reports on the pesticide residues monitoring programme: methodology, background and references

Updated 25 September 2024

UK National Monitoring Programmes

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE), working under Defra, and the Scottish and Welsh governments authority, has official responsibility to organise a monitoring programme of GB food for pesticide residues. Similarly, HSE working under the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural affairs authority has official responsibility to organise a monitoring programme of NI food for pesticide residues, including participating in the EU multi-annual control programme.

The programmes are made up of a risk-based rolling programme of surveys and statutory programmes required by GB or EU law. It is a surveillance programme, which is designed based upon evidence gathered in the previous years, including previous results, PRiF advice and border control information. For efficiency reasons, the Northern Ireland programme may differ in that some lower priority (primarily imported) foods or processed foods are not included. If the GB survey identifies issues in these foods, then they would be included in future testing in Northern Ireland.

These surveys are not an enforcement programme, and the survey design is generally not adjusted during the year. HSE is responsible for considering the safety of people who eat the food (in co-operation with the Food Standards Agency if necessary) and for following up adverse or unexpected results. HSE is also responsible for determining whether food is compliant with the law, specifically, whether any pesticide residue found is within the maximum residue level.

Maximum residue levels (MRLs) reflect levels of pesticides that could occur in food which has been treated in accordance with good agricultural practice. Where pesticides do not give rise to readily detectable residues, or are not authorised for use on particular commodities, MRLs are set at the lowest level which can be identified in routine laboratory analysis. This provides a mechanism for statutory controls on pesticides in food which is put into circulation and for monitoring the correct use of these chemicals.

Introduction to the work of the Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food (PRiF)

The UK Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food (the PRiF) is established to provide independent scientific advice to:

• Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra)
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (accountable to the Department of Work and Pensions)
• Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs for Northern Ireland (DAERA)
• Food Standards Agency (FSA)
• Scottish Government
• Welsh Government

Their full terms of reference are available at PRiF Terms of Reference and Code of Practice.

In relation to the published reports this includes advice on:

1. The government’s presentation of findings resulting from monitoring programmes of pesticide residues in food in Great Britain (GB) and Northern Ireland (NI). In particular to ensure that results can be readily and appropriately understood by the public.

2. Planned and ad-hoc government programmes to monitor pesticide residues in foodstuffs. In particular on foods to be surveyed (taking account of changing diets), availability of produce, location and frequency of sampling and pesticides to be sought.

3. The determination of likely causes of adverse findings detected in government (and where relevant other national and international) monitoring programmes for pesticide residues in food.

The PRiF was established in 2011. Members have a broad range of expertise relating to the food supply industry. Previously this work was carried out by the Pesticide Residues Committee.

The chair, Ann Davison, has worked in consumer affairs for most of her career, running consumer organisations and networks. The committee also includes members with expertise in food science, public interest and food production and supply.

Information on the membership of the committee can be found at Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues in Food (PRiF).

Reasons for pesticide residue testing

Food safety is important. Modern food production processes have given us plentiful supplies of a wide range of good quality affordable produce.

In the food industry of today the production environment can be managed from the preparation of seeds used for crops, through to growth, harvesting and storage of the produce.

One of the ways the food industry controls the environment in which foodstuffs are produced is by applying pesticides. They help farmers and growers maximise the production of food stuffs by, for example, preventing weeds inhibiting the growth of the crop, or insects destroying or infesting them. Pesticides can also be used to help protect seeds or prolong the life of crops after they have been harvested. Biological and physical (cultural) controls are also used to protect crops or as part of an integrated system.

As pesticides are used to control unwanted pests, weeds and diseases, they can potentially also harm people, wildlife and the environment. This is why the UK, in common with most other countries, imposes legally enforceable conditions as to how and when pesticides can be used. No pesticide can be supplied or used on a food or ornamental crops in the UK without government authorisation. To obtain this authorisation the manufacturer of the pesticide must show that it does not present a concern for people’s health or the environment. Naturally derived and synthetic pesticides are subject to the same regulation.

Once the authorisation has been granted government authorities carry out follow up checks to ensure that the authorisation is providing the necessary degree of protection to users, consumers and the environment and that those who use pesticides are complying with conditions specified within it.

The use of pesticides on crops may lead to traces (residues) of these chemicals in food which will be reported in the official monitoring programme results.

Sample details

The sample details are published on Pesticide Residues in Food Quarterly Data as a dataset in an open document spreadsheet (ODS) format.

About sample information

The following information is available on each sample collected this quarter:

• date and place of collection
• description (for example, ‘runner bean’, organic milk)
• country of origin or manufacture
• brand name and packer or manufacturer
• residues detected (results shown in green indicate residues above the maximum residue level (MRL))
• where the brand name of a sample is given the produce involved may have been on sale in other retail premises at the same time

The description and country of origin are taken from labelling on the food or at the point of sale. The country of origin of processed food may not be the country where the unprocessed produce was produced. This is true even of food that has undergone minimal processing, such as meat that has been butchered or frozen vegetables.

Some brand name details have been withheld, these will be published once enquiries are complete.

The government’s ‘brand naming’ policy

The government has decided that brand name information should be published as part of the government food chemical surveillance programme. Brand names have been published for most pesticide residue surveys since 1998. Certain samples are excluded from the release of brand name information. These include samples taken as part of any pesticide residues enforcement programme and those taken as part of surveys to study individual people and farms. This policy was reviewed in between 2000 and 2001, when ministers agreed to its continuation.

Where we find residues above an MRL or the presence of non-authorised plant protection product, brand owners, retailers and or growers are notified of the result in advance of publication of reports and given 4 weeks to comment.

Interpreting brand name information

There is no ready definition of what constitutes a brand in all cases. For clearly branded produce like breakfast cereals or biscuits the ‘brand owner’ is shown. In the case of ‘own brand’ goods this may be one of the multiple retailers. For fruit and vegetables, the retailer is generally shown. For meat, milk and most other animal products the retailer is also generally shown. Finally, for all commodities the country of origin is shown where this was displayed either on the produce or in the store.

The programme aims to takes samples of produce in approximate proportion to the market share of the main retailers. This has been done to ensure an accurate representation of a sector (for example, fruit and vegetables).

Individual programmes are not capable of generating statistically valid information on residues in particular crops from particular retailers. This would require the collection of a much larger number of samples: either substantially increasing costs or greatly reducing the range of different foods sampled in any one year. Therefore, results from an individual survey cannot be taken as a fair representation of the residues status of any particular brand.

However, we do collect samples from a variety of outlets in a range of locations, over a period of years. Successive programmes should therefore help generate information on the typical residues profile of particular types of produce and on major trends in the incidence and levels of pesticides. It should be noted that this quarterly report is not intended to give a comprehensive comparison with previous surveys of the same commodities.

A particular issue arises in relation to the country of origin of fruit and vegetables. The origins included in the reports are those recorded either on the produce or in the store. However, it is not uncommon for mixing to occur on shop shelves. We have responded by increasing the proportion of pre-packed goods sampled. However, pre-packed samples are not available for some produce in some stores, and it could also introduce bias to surveys if loose produce were not sampled. Loose produce is therefore sampled but the origin of the sample should be interpreted with a degree of caution.

HSE assessment of risk

HSE conduct a screening assessment of all the residues found in the monitoring programme. If screening identifies any dietary intakes exceeding the relevant health-based reference values, then HSE present more detailed risk assessments, to consider whether there are any implications for health. Detailed risk assessments, where needed, are presented in HSE risk assessment methodology. If we understand that a pesticide residue has a risk of genotoxicity (has potential to cause damage to genetic material), we will include this in the commentary.

Pesticide dietary intakes are assessed using models that combine data on the levels of residues in food with food dietary consumption values. If intakes are within the health based reference values, then taking account of the precautions built into the model assessments we conclude that an effect on health is not anticipated. If dietary intakes exceed the reference values this does not automatically mean, there are expected adverse health effects. However, this acts as a ‘trigger’ for HSE to consider these cases more thoroughly.

HSE conduct both short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) assessments based on the residues found in the PRiF surveys. Each of these is tailored accordingly. Further information on the nature of HSE’s assessments and approach is provided in the bullet points below, and in more detail, with reference to international assessment contexts in HSE risk assessment methodology and on HSE’s website.

Acute assessments

HSE use short-term estimation values that use the highest residue found in a commodity and short-term consumption values for calculating short-term dietary intakes. These are then compared to the ARfD, a suitable health-based reference value for effects that could be caused by a single day or one-off consumption of a higher than usual residue. For acute assessment we consider the variation in residues that could occur within a residue sample, and a variability (multiplication) factor is included for that purpose, in order to address exposure to a higher than usual residue in a single item, such as a single apple or potato.

Chronic assessments

HSE use long-term estimation values (based on median residues and long-term consumption values for calculating long-term dietary intakes) for each commodity survey and compare to the ADI, a suitable health-based reference value for lifetime. The issue is more fully considered in regulatory contexts pre-authorisation and at the time of MRL review. Then the issue is considered across all commodities (so more precautionary) by pesticide levels determined in GAP compliant trials, intended to address highest likely residues that might arise following pesticide use according to label recommendations.

Fruit and vegetables with peel

For fruit and vegetables that have peel or skin that might not be consumed we present alternative risk assessments for ‘without peel -flesh only’ where peel versus pulp residue distribution data is available. As standard, we present a ‘worst case’ assessment for when all of the peel is consumed with the fruit.

Consideration of consumer groups

HSE calculate dietary intakes for different consumer groups, from infants, toddlers and children of varying age to adults, elderly, and vegetarians, to take account of people with low bodyweights and varying dietary habits. As such the assessments we perform are protective for all consumers.

Multiple residues

For multiple residues, we consider the possible implications to health of more than one pesticide being found in samples (sometimes called the ‘cocktail effect’). We currently focus in detail on selected groups that we think are a priority to consider based on toxicity considerations and prevalence.

Detail of reporting practice

Results by food commodity

• we include information about the survey (for instance where samples came from) for each commodity
• detailed tabulated results are available for download on data.gov
• we summarise findings and any follow-up action taken

Risk assessments – single residues

• all results are screened by HSE to check for intakes above the toxicological reference values, the ARfD or the ADI (HSE assume a relatively high level of intake and also assumes that most produce is eaten whole including peel or skin even when these are rarely consumed)
• where intakes above the toxicological reference values are identified, we consider a detailed risk assessment prepared by HSE (see HSE risk assessment methodology)
• PRiF observations and the follow-up action taken are summarised in the section for that food

Risk assessments – multiple combined residues

• residues of more than one pesticide from the same category or class of particular categories of pesticides, which have a similar toxicological mode of action, are initially screened by HSE to check for intakes that might need further combined assessment
• where combined intakes exceed the initial screen ‘trigger’, we consider a detailed combined risk assessment prepared by HSE – further details on the approach are explained in HSE risk assessment methodology
• PRiF observations and any follow-up action taken are summarised in the section for that food commodity

Risk assessment - conclusions

• where, in the light of current knowledge and considering the usual level of scientific uncertainty the intake will not cause ill health the conclusion will say no effect on health is expected
• where, in the light of current knowledge the intake is not likely to cause ill health, the conclusion will be less definite and state that an effect on health is unlikely
• where scientific uncertainty is greater or if risk of adverse health effects could be higher more information is provided

Residues in GB and NI produce of pesticides which do not have a PPP authorised for use on that crop in GB and NI

• all residues found in foods produced in GB or NI are checked by HSE to make sure there is a PPP containing that pesticide authorised for use on that crop
• where there is no GB or NI authorisation identified, details of the sample are followed up by HSE
• PRiF observations and any follow-up action taken to date are summarised in the section for that food commodity (we may have to withhold details of samples while investigations are underway, in which case the details will be published in a later report)

Residues above the MRL, after taking into account measurement uncertainty

• samples containing residues above the MRL are listed in Table 4: Summary of MRL Exceedances for Q3 Great Britain, and those which are clearly above the MRL after taking into account measurement uncertainty of plus or minus 50% are highlighted
• PRiF observations and any follow-up action taken are summarised in the section for that food commodity
• the results in the reports are rounded for publication but not adjusted for measurement uncertainty

We apply measurement uncertainty only to decide whether to highlight a result as over the MRL in the brand name annex. To do this we use the actual value reported by the laboratory before rounding. If after taking measurement uncertainty into account that value is found to be over the MRL the result will be highlighted in the brand name annex.

For example:

1. The lab reports the results of duplicate analysis of a residue above an MRL at 0.023 mg per kg and 0.025 mg per kg giving an average value of 0.024 mg per kg. For reporting purpose this value would be 0.02 mg per kg.
2. If measurement uncertainty is then applied to the reported value of 0.02 mg per kg it could take the value to between 0.01 to 0.03 mg per kg. If the MRL is 0.01 mg per kg the lower value would be at the MRL and there is no exceedance.
3. However, if measurement uncertainty is applied to the measured result, for example, 0.024 mg per kg the value could then be in the range of 0.012 to 0.036 mg per kg. In this case the lower value is above the MRL and so will be treated as an exceedance.

Residues in organic food

• HSE monitor pesticide residues in all the GB and NI food supply, including organic food
• HSE is not responsible for checking compliance with the rules associated with organic production (however, when they detect residues in an organic food they inform Defra’s organic farming branch and we explain whether or not those residues indicate a breach of the rules)

Residues where further risk management is needed

Where residues are above the MRL and there may be a risk to health, HSE refer the sample to the FSA. The FSA undertake a risk assessment and when there is an appreciable risk to health from the residue in the food (including genotoxicity) they can take appropriate action.

If food is still available from the same source then Local Authority contacts can follow up to withdraw or recall of the food from the market and where necessary notify the International Network Food Safety Authorities (INFOSAN) Emergency Contacts Points in the exporting country of the non-compliance and safety risk.

Results from the monitoring programme are also used by the FSA as intelligence to inform advice to Port Health Authorities on import checks.

Brand name annex

• full brand name details for samples included in this report are published in a brand name annex – samples with results of interest are highlighted within this annex
• brand name details are only published when enough follow-up work is completed to be reasonably sure whether a breach of the law or good practice has occurred
• therefore, sometimes brand name details are withheld pending completion of this work but are published in a later report

Pesticides analysed as multi-component analytes and their reporting limits

Why some results cover more than one substance

Both the legal controls and the analytical tests are aimed at checking food for the presence of residues of specific pesticides. Residues are the chemical traces left behind after pesticides are used. In most cases the residue of a pesticide is measured by first identifying the pesticide and then measuring the quantity of that pesticide in the food itself. But for some pesticides the residue remaining in the food is known to be chemically different from the original pesticide and so the laboratory needs to look for more than one component. There are various reasons why this happens, for example:

• the animal or plant can change the pesticide into related chemicals
• the pesticide can change in the environment into related chemicals
• some pesticides are mixtures of chemicals, so the relevant components of the mixture need to be checked for
• in the laboratory sample preparation and or analysis may change pesticides into related chemicals
• related chemicals may be pesticides in their own right

The MRL setting process takes account of all these issues. The EU may set a complex residue definition to ensure that the identity and quantity of the residue found is representative of the pesticide present. A complex residue definition may be set where it is necessary for safety reasons or to be able to accurately identify the pesticide residue present in the food. This definition usually includes the actual pesticide, plus other related chemicals. These residues are usually reported together as a “sum”. Sometimes different foods need different definitions because different pesticide residues are known to occur in that food. For instance, plants and animals may metabolise a pesticide differently, which forms different residues.

The full definitions of pesticides that have been found in the surveys are described in the table ‘Complex residue definitions used in the reports’ below. If you would like more detail about a particular residue definition, email pesticideresiduesteam@hse.gov.uk.

Where the detailed individual analysis results tell us something useful, PRiF mention that in their conclusions.

How we calculate sums

Unless the definition says otherwise, the summed result is a simple addition. For individual components that are not detected that result is treated as a zero.

Where a residue definition says, “expressed as”, that means that the individual component results are adjusted by molecular weight before being added together. The residue definition is set this way so that the final calculated result for the whole definition is an expression of the level of the most toxic component, and so that value can be used directly in consumer risk assessment without further adjustment.

Complex residue definitions used in the reports

There are a large number of pesticides used and types of food in the world. So other complex residue definitions may apply to food and pesticide combinations not yet considered by PRiF. You can look up all the MRL definitions for pesticide residues on the HSE site for GB MRL’s GB MRL Register or the European Commission’s pesticide database for NI MRLs at EU-Pesticide Database.

Short name used in the reports	Legal residue definition – these definitions apply to all foods unless otherwise stated
2,4-D (sum)	2,4-D (sum of 2,4-D and its esters expressed as 2,4-D)
Abamectin (sum)	Abamectin (sum of avermectin B1a, avermectinB1b and delta-8,9 isomer of avermectin B1a)
Aldicarb (sum)	Aldicarb (sum of aldicarb, its sulfoxide and its sulfone, expressed as aldicarb)
Aldrin and dieldrin	Aldrin and dieldrin (aldrin and dieldrin combined expressed as dieldrin), aka dieldrin (sum)
Amitraz	Amitraz (amitraz including the metabolites containing the 2,4 -dimethylaniline moiety expressed as amitraz)
BAC (sum)	Benzalkonium chloride (mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides with alkyl chain lengths of C8, C10, C12, C14, C16 and C18)
Benthiavalicarb (sum)	Benthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb-isopropyl (KIF-230 R-L) and its enantiomer (KIF-230 S-D) and diastereomers (KIF-230 R-L and KIF-230 S-D)
Bixan (animal products)	Sum of bixafen and desmethyl bixafen expressed as bixafen. This definition applies to animal products only
Captan and folpet	Sum of captan and folpet. This definition applies only to pome fruit (fruits such as apples and pears), strawberries, raspberries, currants, tomatoes and beans. For all other foods there are separate MRLs for captan only and for folpet only
Carbendazim (animal products)	Carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl, expressed as carbendazim
Carbendazim (sum)	Carbendazim and benomyl (sum of benomyl and carbendazim expressed as carbendazim)
Carbofuran (sum)	Carbofuran (sum of carbofuran and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran expressed as carbofuran)
Chlordane (animal products)	Chlordane (sum of cis- and trans-isomers and oxychlordane expressed as chlordane). This definition applies to animal products only
Chlordane (sum)	Chlordane (sum of cis- and trans- isomers). This definition applies to all foods except animal products
Chlorpropham (potatoes)	Chlorpropham only. This definition applies only to potatoes
Chlorpropham (sum for animal products)	Chlorpropham and 4-hydroxychlorpropham-O-sulphonic acid (4-HSA), expressed as chlorpropham. This definition applies only to animal products
Chlorpropham (sum)	Chlorpropham (chlorpropham and 3-chloroaniline, expressed as chlorpropham). This definition applies to all foods except potatoes and animal products
DDAC (sum)	Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (mixture of alkyl-quaternary ammonium salts with alkyl chain lengths of C8, C10 and C12)
DDT (sum)	DDT (sum of p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p-p’-DDE and p,p’-TDE (DDD) expressed as DDT)
Dichlorprop	Sum of dichlorprop, including dichlorprop-p and its conjugates, expressed as dichlorprop
Dicofol (sum)	Dicofol (sum of p, p’ and o,p’ isomers)
Dimethenamid	Dimethenamid–p (dimethenamid-p including other mixtures of constituent isomers (sum of isomers))
Dimethoate (sum)	Dimethoate (sum of dimethoate and omethoate expressed as dimethoate)
Disulfoton (sum)	Disulfoton (sum of disulfoton, disulfoton sulfoxide and disulfoton sulfone expressed as disulfoton)
Dithiocarbamates	Dithiocarbamates are a group of pesticides that are chemically similar. Testing for them individually in routine analysis is not possible, so MRLs are set for a test for the group.
Endosulfan (sum)	Endosulfan (sum of alpha- and beta-isomers and endosulfan-sulphate expresses as endosulfan)
Ethylene oxide	Ethylene oxide (sum of ethylene oxide and 2-chloro-ethanol expressed as ethylene oxide)
Fenamiphos (sum)	Fenamiphos (sum of fenamiphos and its sulphoxide and sulphone expressed as fenamiphos)
Fenchlorphos (sum)	Fenchlorphos (sum of fenchlorphos and fenchlorphos oxon expressed as fenchlorphos)
Fensulfothion (sum)	Fensulfothion (sum of fensulfothion, its oxygen analogue and their sulfones, expressed as fensulfothion).
Fenthion (sum)	Fenthion (fenthion and its oxygen analogue, their sulfoxides and sulfone expressed as parent)
Fenvalerate and esfenvalerate (all isomers)	Fenvalerate (any ratio of constituent isomers (RR, SS, RS & SR) including esfenvalerate)
Fipronil (infant food)	Sum of fipronil and fipronil-desulfinyl, expressed as fipronil. This definition applies to foods for babies only
Fipronil (sum)	Fipronil (sum fipronil and sulfone metabolite (MB46136) expressed as fipronil). This definition applies to all foods except foods for babies
Flonicamid (sum)	Flonicamid (sum of flonicamid, TNFG and TNFA). This definition applies to all food except animal products. The full definition must be sought. Residues found are usually of the metabolites
Fluazifop-p-butyl (sum)	Fluazifop-P-butyl (fluazifop acid (free and conjugate))
Fosetyl -Al (sum)	In the body of the report, fosetyl (sum) is referred to and this equates to fosetyl-Al (sum of fosetyl, phosphonic acid and their salts, expressed as fosetyl)
Haloxyfop (sum)	Haloxyfop including haloxyfop-R (haloxyfop-R methyl ester, haloxyfop-R and conjugates of haloxyfop-R expressed as haloxyfop-R)
Heptachlor (infant food)	Sum of heptachlor and trans heptachlor epoxide. This definition applies to foods for babies only
Heptachlor (sum)	Heptachlor (sum of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide expressed as heptachlor). This definition applies to all foods except infant foods
Hexachlorocyclohexane (sum)	Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), sum of isomers, except the gamma isomer. This definition applies to all foods except animal products (for animal products the alpha and beta isomers have separate MRLs)
Malathion	Malathion (sum of malathion and malaoxon expressed as malathion)
MCPA (animal products)	[Residue definition, animal products] MCPA, MCPB and MCPA thioethyl expressed as MCPA. This definition applies to animal products only
MCPA (sum)	MCPA and MCPB (MCPA, MCPB including their salts, esters and conjugates expressed as MCPA). This definition applies to all foods except animal products
Mepanipyrim (sum)	Mepanipyrim and its metabolite (2-anilino-4-(2-hydroxypropyl)-6-methylpyrimidine) expressed as mepanipyrim
Methiocarb (sum)	Methiocarb (sum of methiocarb and methiocarb sulfoxide and sulfone, expressed as methiocarb)
Methomyl (sum)	Sum of methomyl and thiodicarb expressed as methomyl
Oxydemeton-methyl (sum)	Oxydemeton-methyl (sum of oxydemeton-methyl and demeton-S-methylsulfone expressed as oxydemeton-methyl)
Parathion-methyl (sum)	Parathion-methyl (sum of parathion-methyl and paraoxon-methyl expressed as parathion-methyl)
Permethrin	Permethrin (sum of isomers)
Phorate (sum)	Phorate (sum of phorate, its oxygen analogue and their sulfones expressed as phorate)
Phosmet (sum)	Phosmet (phosmet and phosmet oxon expressed as phosmet). This definition applies to all foods except animal products
Pirimicarb (sum)	Pirimicarb (sum of pirimicarb and desmethyl pirimicarb expressed as pirimicarb) for certain animal products. Pirimicarb only for fruit and vegetables and some animal products
Prochloraz (sum)	Prochloraz (sum of prochloraz and its metabolites containing the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol moiety expressed as prochloraz)
Prothioconazole (sum)	Prothioconazole (sum of prothioconazole-desthio and its glucuronide conjugate, expressed as prothioconazoledesthio). This definition applies to animal products only
PTU and propineb	Sum of PTU and propineb. This definition applies to food for babies only
Quintozene (sum)	Quintozene (sum of quintozene and pentachloro-aniline expressed as quintozene)
Terbufos (sum)	Terbufos (sum of terbufos, its sulfoxide and sulfone. This definition applies only to foods for babies
Thiamethoxam (sum)	Thiamethoxam (sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin expressed as thiamethoxam). There are also separate clothianidin MRLs
Tolylfluanid (sum)	Tolylfluanid (sum of tolylfluanid and dimethylaminosulfotoluidide expressed as tolylfluanid)
Triadimefon and triadimenol	Triadimefon and triademenol
Vinclozolin (animal products)	Vinclozolin, iprodione, procymidone, sum of compounds and all metabolites containing the 3,5-dichloroaniline moiety expressed as 3,5-dichloroaniline. This definition applies to animal products only
Vinclozolin (sum)	Vinclozolin (sum of vinclozolin and all metabolites containing the 3,5-dichloraniniline moiety, expressed as vinclozolin). This definition applies to all foods except animal products

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