Work out and claim relief from Corporation Tax trading losses
How to work out and claim Corporation Tax relief on trading losses.
Overview
If your company or organisation is liable for Corporation Tax and makes a loss from trading, the sale or disposal of a capital asset, or on property income, then you may be able to claim relief from Corporation Tax.
You get tax relief by offsetting the loss against your other gains or profits of your business in the same accounting period. You can also choose to carry the loss back, if you do not it will be carried forward to another accounting period.
This guidance only covers trading losses.
There’s separate guidance on how to work out and claim tax relief from Corporation Tax on terminal, capital and property income losses.
Trading losses
The trading profit or loss for Corporation Tax purposes is worked out by making the usual tax adjustments to the figure of profit or loss shown in your company or organisation’s financial accounts.
To calculate a trading loss you should:
- include any capital allowances (these increase the loss)
- include any balancing charges (these reduce the loss)
- not include any losses or gains that might be made on the sale or disposal of assets
- include certain annuities and charitable donations (known as ‘trade charges’)
If you make a trading loss and it cannot be used in the same year, you may be able to choose to carry it back to earlier accounting periods, or it will be carried forward to be set off against the profit for future periods.
How to claim a trading loss
A claim for trading losses forms part of your Company Tax Return.
If your claim covers the company’s latest accounting period, then enter ‘0’ in box 155 on form CT600 and put the full amount of the loss in box 780. You should also enter the whole loss, or as much of the loss as you can claim, in box 275 against your total profits.
You must do all of the following if the claim includes losses from a later accounting period:
- enter ‘0’ in box 155 on form CT600
- enter the full amount of trading losses arising in this or a later accounting period that you can claim against total profits in box 275
- put the amount of the loss arising in this accounting period only in box 780
Groups and trading losses
If your company or organisation has a qualifying group relationship with another company, then you can choose to offset certain losses, including trading losses, against profits of other members of the group, instead of carrying it forwards or back.
Carry forward a trading loss
Certain losses that your company has not used in any other way can be offset against profits in future accounting periods.
Find more information about carrying forward a trading loss.
Profits that arise from 1 April 2017
There are restrictions on the total amount of carried forward losses that can be offset against profits of accounting periods from 1 April 2017.
These apply to carried-forward trading losses so that the total:
- amount that can be relieved using carried-forward trading losses that arose before 1 April 2017 is restricted to, broadly, the amount of an allowance up to £5 million, plus 50% of remaining trading profits after deduction of the allowance
- overall amount that can be relieved using most types of carried-forward losses — including carried-forward trading losses incurred either before or after 1 April 2017 — is restricted to, broadly, the amount of an allowance up to £5 million, plus 50% of remaining total profits after deduction of the allowance
More information about changes to relief for carried-forward losses
Read the loss reform guidance for more information about the way relief for carried-forward losses changed from 1 April 2017.
Carry a trading loss back
Instead of carrying a loss forward, you can claim for the loss to be offset against profits for the earlier 12 month period (not accounting period).
You can only do this if your company or organisation was carrying on the same trade at some point in the accounting period or periods that fall in the earlier 12 month period.
For example, if your company or organisation has a loss of £8,000 in the accounting period 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 and profits of £20,000 in the earlier 12 months, you can carry back the £8,000 loss to be set off against the profits for the previous accounting year, this will reduce them from £20,000 to £12,000.
If an accounting period straddles that 12 month period, the profit for that period is apportioned and the loss can only be offset against that portion of the profit that falls within the 12 month period.
For example, your company or organisation has a loss of £8,000 in the accounting period 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 and it’s recently changed its accounting date, so that the accounting periods and profits of the earlier periods were:
- £2,000 for 1 July 2015 to 31 December 2015
- £10,000 for 1 July 2014 to 31 July 2015
You can carry back £2,000 of the loss to cover the whole of the profit in the period ended 31 December 2015.
The balance of the loss of £6,000 cannot be entirely carried back as only 6 months of the profits of £10,000 fall into the earlier 12 months of the loss making period.
Only a loss of £5,000 (6 ÷ 12 x £10,000) can be used, and the balance of £1,000 is available to be carried forward to the year ended 31 December 2017.
How to claim for a trading loss to be carried back, or amend a claim
You can make a claim to carry back a trading loss when you submit your Company Tax Return for the period when you made the loss.
You can make your claim in your return or in an amendment to the return, as long as you’re within the time limit to amend it. You can also make your claim in a letter.
If you’re making a claim in your return that reduces your Corporation Tax liability for an earlier period, you must make sure you have put an ‘X’ in the appropriate box on the CT600 form.
A claim should be made within 2 years of the end of the accounting period when you made the loss. Your claim should include:
- the name of your company or organisation
- the period when the loss is made
- the amount of the loss
- how the loss is to be used
If you send your claim separately, send it to HMRC.
You can amend your claim in the same way as you amend your return.
If HMRC does not carry out a compliance check into your return or stand alone claim, or any later amendment, then the amount of the loss becomes final. HMRC can ask about the usage of the loss in a future return (for example, to check whether the same trade is still being carried out).
If you’re offsetting a loss against an accounting period where you’ve already paid the tax due, HMRC will send you a repayment, unless you owe any Corporation Tax, when it will be deducted from the payment first.
Updates to this page
Last updated 4 September 2024 + show all updates
-
We have removed the following sections: Temporary extension to carry back of trade losses, and Make a de minimis claim. The last date claims could be made was 31 March 2024.
-
This page has been updated at the extend loss carry back section to include a link to the form for making de minimis claims.
-
A new section about temporary extension to carry back of trade losses has been added.
-
Corrected CT600 box numbers to reflect latest version.
-
This guidance now deals with trading losses only and has been updated with new rules on Corporation Tax losses from 1 April 2017, it also links to guidance about terminal, capital and property income losses.
-
First published.