About the Emergency Services Network

The Home Office is leading a cross-government programme to deliver the new Emergency Services Network (ESN) critical communications system. This will replace the current Airwave service used by the emergency services in Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland) and transform how they operate.

ESN will enable fast, safe and secure voice, video and data across the 4G network, giving first responders immediate access to life-saving data, images and information in live situations and emergencies on the frontline.

Investment in ESN will also mean improvements to 4G network coverage, which will allow 999 calls to be made from any 4G enabled mobile phone in some of the most remote and rural parts of Great Britain where it was not previously possible.

While the technology that supports Airwave is reliable and fit for purpose, its limited capability means it cannot match the opportunities offered by newer critical communications mobile technology.

ESN’s critical mobile technology will mean communication between the emergency services will take priority over other network traffic, even at peak times in busy built-up locations. It will mean the emergency services and other first responders can share vital data, information and expertise quickly and securely from the frontline when it is needed most.

It will give the emergency services access to up-to-date products and applications as technology evolves. They will be able to choose what meets their unique operational requirements from the tools and technologies available.

Users for ESN include the fire and rescue, police and ambulance services, as well as other users stretching from local authorities and utility services to first responders like inshore rescue. There are more than 300,000 frontline emergency service users who will depend on ESN; using handheld devices or operating equipment in 45,000 vehicles, over 90 aircraft and around 200 control rooms.

ESN will deliver:

• secure and resilient mission critical communications the emergency services and other first responder communities can trust to keep them safe

• an updated voice and data platform which will enable the emergency services to improve front-line operations

• a common platform to enable emergency services to work more closely together for data sharing in emergencies

There will be a total of 20,840 new and upgraded sites to facilitate the coverage needed for ESN across Great Britain. This will include the current EE network of 19,795 existing sites which have been updated, as well as the construction of 1,045 new 4G masts (figures correct as of January 2025).

Of the 1,045 new masts being build, 753 will be built by EE to support the existing network. The Home Office will also build 292 masts to give the emergency services 4G coverage in some of the most rural and remote parts of Britain, which will be known as the Extended Area Service (EAS).

How ESN is being delivered

ESN is being delivered by the Emergency Services Mobile Communications Programme (ESMCP) in the Home Office, in partnership with EE/BT and IBM.

The programme is delivering ESN by working collaboratively with those who will use it. The focus is on getting the products, coverage and services that first responders need so they can be tested, adopted and used as they become available, rather than having to wait until every element of the network is finished. This will allow for continuous improvement to meet the evolving needs of emergency service users.

The approach will help to build secure and resilient mission-critical communications the emergency services can trust to keep them safe.

Following the announcement made in January 2025, IBM will be responsible for leading the design, build and system integration of the ESN platform. Key to achieving this will be IBM’s delivery of IT infrastructure, which will be fundamental to ensuring improved and more efficient communication capabilities for mission-critical services.

EE was also awarded the contract to provide the mobile communications infrastructure for the project in December 2024, as the new government works towards deploying the new ESN and shutting down the current system, Airwave.

Coverage

Sufficient levels of coverage are essential to allow users to migrate safely from the current Airwave system to ESN. Coverage will be assured by a common, service-wide testing and assurance process by experts.

ESN coverage will be delivered in key areas of:

• Great Britain primary area coverage across 20,840 new and upgraded 4G masts

• Contracted major and minor roads, selected buildings, selected road tunnels and public facilities, as well as 12 nautical miles out to sea and up to 500 feet above the ground where it is operationally required

• Extended Area Service (EAS): major and minor roads that fall outside of those in the primary coverage area. These are rural areas including many national parks and areas of outstanding natural beauty

• London Underground and other metro and subway systems in Britain

• Air coverage above 500 feet up to 10,000 feet where it is operationally required

ESN utilises the EE network, and as such also benefits from its improvement programmes to the existing commercial 4G network. Voice and data traffic for ESN will receive priority over other commercial mobile traffic.

Extended Area Service

The Extended Area Service (EAS) is a critical part of ESN and will ensure there is ESN coverage in some of the most rural and remote parts of Great Britain. A total of 292 4G sites are being built by the Home Office to supplement EE’s ESN network and will maximise emergency service coverage in those areas.

Wherever possible, mast structures will be designed to be easily upgraded. As part of the government’s commitment to increase digital connectivity, EAS masts will be available for other mobile operators to offer commercial services as part of the Shared Rural Network.

ESN Air

ESN Air is being delivered to support the emergency service aircraft. The product consists of two elements; firstly, a 4G network, enhancing the current EE terrestrial network to allow users to operate to an altitude of 10,000 feet above sea level. Secondly, an aircraft communication system designed and built for installation and operation in all types of emergency service aircraft.

ESN data

A SIM-only offer for vehicle modems and data-only devices will be available on the ESN data service, to provide a fast, secure 4G data connection on the dedicated ESN network, designed for emergency services use.

Users will benefit from data prioritisation, which means the device will perform consistently when using data at times of high traffic and network congestion. It will also be possible to request a higher level of prioritisation via the critical data bearer function if required.

In its simplest form, this is the ESN equivalent of a SIM-only data plan. It will be for any emergency service organisation that needs a fast, reliable data connection – for example, in-vehicle dispatch messaging used by the ambulance service. This data product will not need the public safety communication service application to operate.

ESN mission critical solution

The mission critical (MCX) solution on which ESN will operate is expected to deliver key capabilities needed by users of this new communications system, including the push-to-talk (PTT) function and data.

It will deliver all the public safety features and functionality required by the emergency services and first responder communities to start mass transition from Airwave to ESN, following a rigorous process of testing and trialling.

The application will also run on handset options or a fixed vehicle device, and this will include further enhancements collected from user feedback gained during the trials and tests of earlier products.

These enhancements will ensure the software is fit for operational, mission-critical use and that it is safe and can be relied on.