Independent report

Conclusion and appendices

Updated 28 April 2021

Conclusion

We have tried in this report to present a new race agenda for the country, relevant to people from all backgrounds.

Rather than just highlighting minority disparities and demanding the government takes action, we have tried to understand why they exist in the first place.

That has meant some challenging conversations about today’s complex reality of ethnic advantage and disadvantage, a reality no longer captured by the old idea of BAME versus White Britain.

We have focused not just on persistent race-based discrimination but on the role of cultural traditions, including family, within different minority groups, the overlap between ethnic and socio-economic disadvantage, and the agency we have as individuals and groups.

And we believe that perhaps more than previous reports on these issues a degree of optimism is justified. Our agenda is rooted in the significant progress we have made as well as the challenges that remain.

We were established as a response to the upsurge of concern about race issues instigated by the BLM movement. And we owe the mainly young people behind that movement a debt of gratitude for focusing our attention once again on these issues.

But most of us come from an older generation whose views were formed by growing up in the 1970s and 1980s. And our experience has taught us that you do not pass on the baton of progress by cleaving to a fatalistic account that insists nothing has changed.

And nor do you move forward by importing bleak new theories about race that insist on accentuating our differences. It is closer contact, mutual understanding across ethnic groups and a shared commitment to equal opportunities that has contributed to the progress we have made.

Too many people in the progressive and anti-racism movements seem reluctant to acknowledge their own past achievements, and they offer solutions based on the binary divides of the past which often misses the point of today’s world.

We have paid close attention to the data and tried to avoid sweeping statements or over-ambitious targets and recommendations. Instead, our recommendations have tried to account for the messy reality of life and have been aimed, where possible, at everyone who is disadvantaged, not just those from specific ethnic groups.

Many of our recommendations, on Class B drugs or extending school hours for example, are aimed especially at the COVID-blighted generation of young people. Others focus on better use of data and the development of digital tools to promote fairness at work or for keeping young people out of trouble.

We have also acknowledged where we do not know enough and called for further research on what works in promoting fairness at work, and the role of the family and the reasons behind the success of those minority groups that have been surging forward into the middle class and the elite.

We focused our recommendations on the 4 broad categories of change that the Commission wishes to affect – build trust, promote fairness, create agency, and achieve inclusivity – and never assumed that minorities are inert victims of circumstance. As mentioned in the foreword the fact that most of us are successful minority professionals has no doubt shaped this thinking.

And our experience of ethnic minority Britain from the inside makes it obvious to us that different groups are distinguished in part by their different cultural patterns and expectations, after all that is what multiculturalism was supposed to be about. It is hardly shocking to suggest that some of those traditions can help individuals succeed more than others.

Beneath the headlines that often show egregious acts of discrimination, the Windrush scandal most recently, incremental progress is being made as our report has shown beyond doubt. Through focusing on what matters now, rather than refighting the battles of the past, we want to build on that progress.

Finally, a thanks to all those individuals and organisations from across the country who gave us their time to to share their perspectives and evidence, and explain how their inspiring projects are helping to build a fairer Britain.

The year 2022 promises to be a special one: a new energy as we are fully released from COVID captivity, The Queen’s 70th Jubilee and the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham. And we hope it will be infused with the spirit of British optimism, fairness and national purpose that was captured by that 2012 Olympic opening ceremony, and has animated this report.

Appendix A: Abbreviations and glossary

Acronyms and abbreviations

• AHS: adolescent health study
• AI: artificial intelligence
• APCC: Association of Police and Crime Commissioners
• APP: authorised professional practice
• ASB: anti-social behaviour
• BAME: Black, Asian and minority ethnic – this report has also considered Gypsy, Roma and Travellers (GRT)
• BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation
• BEIS: Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy
• BLM: Black Lives Matter
• BME: Black and minority ethnic
• BMI: body mass index
• BSA: British Social Attitudes
• BSc: Bachelor of Science degree
• BTEC: Business and Technology Education Council
• CBE: Commander of the Order of the British Empire
• CBS: Confederation of British Industry
• CCTV: closed-circuit television
• CDEI: Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation
• CEA: Clinical Excellence Award
• CEDAR: The Centre for Diet and Activity Research
• CEO: chief executive officer
• CHD: coronary heart disease
• CIMM: Cultural Inclusion Maturity Model
• CIRV: Community Initiative to Reduce Violence
• CoP: College of Policing
• COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019
• CQC: Care Quality Commission
• CRED: Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities
• CRS: Contextual Recruitment System
• CSEW: Crime Survey of England and Wales
• CSJ: Centre for Social Justice
• CV: curriculum vitae
• CVD: cardiovascular diseases
• DCMS: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport
• DfE: Department for Education
• DHSC: Department of Health and Social Care
• DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
• DWP: Department for Work and Pensions
• EBacc: English Baccalaureate
• EHRC: Equality and Human Rights Commission
• ELA: Employers Lawyers Association
• EMBES: Ethnic Minority British Election Study
• EPI: Education Policy Institute
• EU: European Union
• FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation
• FE: further education
• FRA: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, usually known in English as the Fundamental Rights Agency
• FSM: free school meals
• FTSE 100: Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index
• FTSE 250: The FTSE 250 Index is a capitalisation-weighted index consisting of the 101st to the 350th largest companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
• FTSE 350: The FTSE 350 Index is a market capitalisation weighted stock market index made up of the constituents of the FTSE 100 and FTSE 250 index
• GCSE: General Certificate of Secondary Education
• GMP: Greater Manchester Police
• GP: General Practitioner
• GRT: Gypsy, Roma and Travellers
• H. pylori: helicobacter pylori
• HDL cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• HEI: higher education institutions
• HHS: Department of Health and Human Services (USA)
• HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
• HMICFRS: Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services
• HMT: Her Majesty’s Treasury
• HO: Home Office
• HPV: human papillomavirus
• HQ: headquarters
• HR: human resources
• IBID: Latin ibīdem – meaning in the same place and used in footnotes to refer to the source cited in the preceding note
• ICAEW: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
• IFS: Institute for Fiscal Studies
• IGCP: Institute for Global City Policing
• IHD: ischaemic heart disease
• IPSO: Independent Press Standards Organisation
• LEAN: London Enterprise Adviser Network
• LGBT: lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
• LPA: local policing area
• LRTI: lower respiratory tract infection
• LSYPE2: Commission of Second Longitudinal Study of Young People In England
• MBA: Master of Business Administration
• MBRRACE-UK: Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK
• MHCLG: Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government
• MOD: Ministry of Defence
• MoJ: Ministry of Justice
• MOPAC: Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime
• MP: Member of Parliament
• MPS: Metropolitan Police Service
• MRC: Medical Research Council
• MRG: Minority Rights Group International
• NAEP: National Assessment of Educational Progress
• NatCen: National Centre for Social Research
• NCA: National Crime Agency
• NCS: National Citizen Service
• NFF: national funding formula
• NGA: National Governance Association
• NHS: National Health Service
• NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
• NIHP: National Institute for Health Protection
• NMDC: National Museum Directors Council
• NPCC: National Police Chiefs’ Council
• NSPCC: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
• NYJB: National Youth Justice Board
• OfS: Office for Students
• Ofsted: Office for Standards In Education, Children’s Services and Skills
• OHD: Office for Health Disparities
• OMH: Office of Minority Health
• ONS: Office for National Statistics
• OOCD: Out of Court Disposals
• OSR: Office for Statistics Regulation
• PA: programmes activities
• PACE: Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 – Code A
• PCC: Police and Crime Commissioner
• PHE: Public Health England
• PI: Performance Index
• Project ADDER: Addiction, Diversion, Disruption, Enforcement and Recovery
• PRSR: Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
• PSD: Professional Standards Department
• PSNI: Police Service Northern Ireland
• PwC: PricewaterhouseCoopers
• QC: Queen’s Counsel
• RCGP: Royal College of General Practitioners
• RCPsych: Royal College of Psychiatrists
• RDU: Race Disparity Unit
• SEN: special educational needs
• SEND: special educational needs and disability
• SES: socio-economic status
• SMC: Social Mobility Commission
• SME: small and medium-sized enterprises or small and medium-sized businesses
• STEM: science, technology, engineering and maths
• SVRU: Scottish Violence Reduction Unit
• Trusts: NHS Foundation Trusts
• TVP: Thames Valley Police
• UCAS: Universities and Colleges Admissions Service
• UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
• VRU: Violence Reduction Unit
• WMP: West Midlands police
• WRES: Workforce Race Equality Standard
• YFF: Youth Futures Foundation
• YJB: Youth Justice Board
• YJS: Youth Justice Service
• YLL: years of life lost

Terms and definitions

• A level: GCE Advanced Level
• affinity bias (also known as similarity bias): occurs when we treat people more favourably, simply because they are like us or others we like – similarities can include any shared commonality, including everything, from likes, dislikes or appearance, to schooling or career history
• agency: the capacity of individuals or groups to act independently and to make their own choices
• Brexit: British exit – the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community
• chatbot: a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the internet
• class A drugs: crack cocaine, cocaine, ecstasy (MDMA), heroin, LSD, magic mushrooms, methadone, methamphetamine (crystal meth)
• class B drugs: amphetamines, barbiturates, cannabis, codeine, ketamine, methylphenidate (Ritalin), synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones (for example mephedrone, methoxetamine)
• cultural capital: the social assets of a person (including education, intellect, style of speech, style of dress) that promote social mobility in a stratified society
• English Baccalaureate: in England, the English Baccalaureate is a school performance indicator linked to the General Certificate of Secondary Education results
• family strain: the negative impact of economic and social pressure on households
• hate crime: prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their membership (or perceived membership) of a certain social group or race
• identity politics: political approach wherein people of a particular religion, race, social background, class or other identifying factor develop political agendas and organise based upon the interlocking systems of oppression that affect their lives and come from their various identities
• immigrant optimism: the higher levels of aspirations among students with migrant background
• institutional racism: applicable to an institution that is racist or to the discriminatory processes, policies, attitudes or behaviours in a single institution
• microaggression: brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative attitudes toward stigmatised or culturally marginalised groups
• newcomer optimism: defined by the Commission as how long since establishment in the UK
• postcode lottery: someone’s access to health services or medical treatment is determined by the area of the country in which they live
• post-racial society: a theoretical environment in which the UK is free from racial preference, discrimination, and prejudice
• residency requirement: police constables need to have lived in London for a minimum of 3 years, within the last 6 years
• selective assimilation theory: characterise the children of immigrants with better resources and socio-economic prospects – their parents’ generally higher levels of education foster more opportunistic than oppositional orientations toward economic incorporation
• structural racism: describes a legacy of historic racist or discriminatory processes, policies, attitudes or behaviours that continue to shape organisations and societies today
• systematic racism: applies to interconnected organisations, or wider society, which exhibit racist or discriminatory processes, policies, attitudes or behaviours
• T levels: an alternative to A levels, apprenticeships and other 16 to 19 courses – equivalent to 3 A levels, a T level focuses on vocational skills and can help students into skilled employment, higher study or apprenticeships
• trolling – intentionally leaving hurtful or offensive comments with an aim to cause upset or irritation
• unconscious bias – social stereotypes about certain groups of people that individuals form outside their own conscious awareness
• V-shaped: steep decline, quick recovery
• White privilege: the idea that there is societal privilege that benefits White people over other ethnic groups in some societies, particularly if they are otherwise under the same social, political, or economic circumstances

Appendix B: Call for evidence

The call for evidence consultation ran from 26 October 2020 to 30 November 2020. Responses were invited from the public and local communities, public private and third sector organisations, researchers and academics and others who wished to share their views.

To understand why such disparities exist, and what works and what does not, submissions of evidence were requested to provide answers to 10 questions which focused on education, health, crime and policing, and employment and enterprise.

There were 2,329 responses submitted in total from 325 organisations and 2,004 individuals, including academics. Responses were received from the following organisations:

0 to 9

• 21K Digital Media Social Enterprise
• 4in10: London’s Child Poverty Network

A

• ACLC Women Committee
• Action for Diversity and Development
• Adanna Women’s Support Group
• African and Caribbean Support Organisation of Northern Ireland (ACSONI)
• African and Caribbean Women’s Association Scotland (ACWA)
• African Caribbean Education Network
• African Women’s Group Scotland
• Against Institutional Racism UK (AIR UK)
• The Anti-Racist Alliance Trust (ARATRUST)
• Age UK
• Agenda: The Alliance for Women and Girls At Risk
• Anti-Caste Discrimination Alliance
• Anti-Tribalism Movement
• APNA NHS: South Asian NHS Leaders Network
• Archives West Midlands
• Ark and Ark Schools
• Art History in Schools
• Asian Fire Service Association (AFSA)
• Association for Citizenship Teaching (ACT)
• Association of Accounting Technicians(AAT)
• Association of Educational Psychologists (AEP)
• Association of Police and Crime Commissioners (APCC)
• Association of South Asian Midwives (ASAM) CIC
• Aweo Group (with The Black Card Talks)

B

• BAME Health Collaborative
• BAME Senior Civil Servants
• Barnardo’s
• Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council
• Black Activists Rising Against Cuts(BARAC)
• Black Success Initiative (BSI)
• Bewnans Kernow
• Better Health for Africa (BH4A)
• Birmingham City Council Corporate Black Workers Group
• Black Educators East London (BEEL)
• Black Learning Achievement and Mental Health UK
• British Medical Association(BMA)
• Black Minority Ethnic Strategic Advisory Group
• Black Protest Legal Support
• Black South West Network
• Brent Council
• Brick by Brick Communities
• Bristol City Council
• BritBanglaCovid
• British Film Institute (BFI)
• British International Doctors Association (BIDA)
• British Psychological Society’s Division of Educational and Child Psychologists
• Brook
• Building Communities Resource Centre (BCRC)
• Business Action Momentum Enterprise
• Business in the Community (BITC)

C

• Campaign for Common Sense
• Care for Someone
• Caribbean and African Health Network (CAHN)
• Central Association of Nigerians in the United Kingdom
• Centre for Ageing Better
• Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE)
• Centre for Mental Health
• Chanon Consulting
• Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
• Chartered Management Institute (CMI)
• Cheshire East Council
• Chief Nursing Officer’s for England Black Minority Ethnic Strategic Advisory Group
• Children’s Services, Hampshire County Council, including Youth Offending Team, Social Care and Education Teams
• Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD)
• Chinese Liberal Democrats
• Citizen UK
• Clerkenwell and Shoreditch County Court
• Cleveland Police
• Coalition of Black and Black Ethnic Groups
• Coalition of Race Equality Organisations (CORE)
• Cognition HR and Finance Solutions Ltd
• College of Policing
• Community Union
• Confederation of School Trusts
• Co-op Group
• Coventry Black Community Covid-19 Taskforce
• COVID-19 Anti-Racism Group (CARG)
• CX-squared

D

• Decolonising The Curriculum For Educators UK
• Department of Health and Social Care
• Diaspora Voice
• Directors UK
• Don’t Divide Us
• Doncaster African Caribbean Support Group

E

• East of England BAME Network
• Eastern Region Black Educators
• Early Education
• Education and Employers Charity
• Elite Group Consultants Ltd
• Employment Lawyers Association (ELA)
• Enterprise Adviser Network in Sheffield (part of Sheffield City Council and funded by Careers and Enterprise Company)
• EQUAL Independent Advisory Group
• Equality and Human Rights Commission
• Equality 4 Black Nurses
• Essex Ghanaians Welfare Association
• Europeans Welfare Association (EWA CIC)
• Everyone Matters
• Everything Human Rights Community Group
• Excellence in Education (EIE)
• Experian UK&I
• Extend Ventures

F

• Fatherland Group
• Feed Me Good
• Fletcher’s Business Solutions Limited
• Five X More
• Former BAME Senior Civil Servants
• Friends, Families and Travellers
• Future Visions Ltd

G

• Getting It Right CIC
• Global African Congress UK (GACuk) – Reparatory Justice Community Organisation
• Goldsmiths, University of London
• Greater London Authority (GLA)
• Greater Manchester BAME Women’s Third Sector Network
• Greater Manchester Combined Authority
• Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service
• Greater Manchester Health and Social Care Partnership
• Greater Manchester Police
• Guy’s and St Thomas’ Charity

H

• Haringey Education Partnership and Haringey Council
• Healthwatch Birmingham
• Herts Community NHS Trust
• Herts Equality Council
• Hibiscus Initiatives
• Hindu Forum of Britain
• Home for Good
• Hope Bereavement Support CIC
• HOPE not hate
• Howard League for Penal Reform
• Hull Afro Caribbean Association (HACA)
• Hull Black History Partnership (HBHP)
• Hull University Teaching Hospitals (HUTH) NHS Trust
• Humber, Coast and Vale Health and Care Partnership

I

• iAssist-Ni
• IDPAD Coalition UK
• Imani Housing Co-operative Ltd
• Imkaan
• Institute of Commonwealth Studies
• INQUEST
• Iraqi Welfare Association
• iSEA and The UK Federation of Chinese Professionals (UKFCP)
• IVE

J

• Jamaica Diaspora National Board
• Jones Lang LaSalle Lt (JLL)
• Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants
• Just Fair
• Just for Kids Law, including Children’s Rights Alliance for England
• JUSTICE
• Justice 4 You

K

• Kenya Nottingham Welfare Association
• Khidmat Centres
• Kidney Research UK
• Kirklees Council
• Kyloe Secure Children’s Home

L

• Latin American Women’s Rights Service (LAWRS)
• Leicester African Caribbean Citizens Forum
• Liverpool City Region Combined Authority
• Lloyds Banking Group
• London Borough of Brent
• London Borough of Hackney
• London Borough of Havering
• London Borough of Hounslow
• London Borough of Lambeth
• London Borough of Lewisham
• London Councils
• Luton Council
• Lydiard Group

M

• Manchester City Council
• Manticore Enterprise
• Maslaha
• Mendü
• Metropolitan Police
• Metropolitan Thames Valley Housing (MTVH)
• Middlesex University
• Migrant and Minority Ethnic Council
• MigrationUK
• Migrants’ Rights Network
• Milton Keynes College (MK College)
• Milton Keynes Islamic Arts and Culture Organisation (MKIAC)
• Ministry of Justice (MoJ)
• Mix and Match
• Mothers 4 Justice Ubuntu
• Movement for Justice and Reconciliation
• Mr and Miss Black and Beautiful
• MTC Group
• Museum Detox

N

• National Association of Head Teachers (NAHT)
• National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers (NASUWT)
• National AIDS Trust
• National Education Union (NEU)
• National Governance Association
• National Union of Students (NUS)
• National Youth Agency
• Newcastle University: Applied Educational Psychology Doctor of (DAppEdPsy) teaching staff and students
• NHS BME Network
• NHS Calderdale and Huddersfield Foundation Trust
• NHS Birmingham and Solihull CCG
• No More Exclusions
• North East North Cumbria Integrated Care System (NENC ICS)
• North Staffordshire Combined Healthcare NHS Trust
• not named – 100 signatories
• Nottinghamshire Police
• Nubian Sisters
• Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre in Oxford
• Nurses Associations of Jamaica (UK)
• Nurses of Colour Network

O

• Office for National Statistics (ONS)
• Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted)
• Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), on behalf of Embrace Network
• Office of the North Yorkshire Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner
• Office of the Police and Crime Commissioner for Northumbria
• Oldham Council
• Olive Tree CIC
• On Our Mind Ltd
• Open Minds Alliance
• Open Palm
• Optimal Success Limited

P

• Parents Action and Resource Centre (PARC)
• Police and Crime Commissioner for Wiltshire and Swindon
• Prison Reform Trust
• Probation Institute
• Protection Approaches

Q

• QED Foundation on behalf of Network for Pakistani Organisations (UK)
• Quakers in Britain
• Quantum Sugar: Self-empowerment Tools for Young People

R

• Race Equality First
• Race Equality Foundation
• Raleigh International
• Real Life Ministries
• Reform Pursuit
• Release
• RESCUE Project
• Resuscitation Council UK
• Rochdale Borough Council and NHS Heywood Middleton and Rochdale CCG
• Royal College of Nursing (RCN)
• Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
• Royal College of Physicians
• Royal College of Psychiatrists
• Runnymede Trust

S

• Safety4Sisters
• Safeguarding Now Consultancy Limited
• Salesforce
• Salifu Dagarti Foundation
• SCIPE CIC
• Scottish Racism project
• Shabaka
• Shire Professional Chartered Psychologists
• Sikh Assembly
• Sikh Federation (UK)
• Simetrica-Jacobs
• Somerset African Caribbean Network (SACN)
• Southampton City Council
• St Christopher’s Fellowship
• Stardust Arts
• Stonewall and UK Black Pride
• StopWatch
• Suffolk Black Community Forum
• Sunrise Diversity
• Sussex Racial Equality Action Project (REAP), Brighton and Hove Black Women’s Group and ‘Justice. African History’
• Sutton African and Caribbean Cultural Organisation
• Swadhinata Trust

T

• Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council
• The 100 Black Men of London
• The Anti-Racist Social Club
• The Ascension Seed
• The Black Child Agenda
• The British Medical Association (BMA)
• The British Psychological Society
• The City of Liverpool College
• The Collaboratory
• The Delicate Mind
• The Diana Award
• The Equality Trust, and Compassion in Politics
• The Feminist Therapy Centre
• The Governance Forum
• The International Community Organisation of Sunderland (ICOS)
• The Local Equality Commission
• The Locum Doctors Association
• The Lois Project: Health Education Network
• The Mumtaza Network
• The Myrtus Workshop
• The Open Minds Project
• The Race Equality Centre
• The Smart Kid Coach CIC
• The Social Innovation Partnership(TSIP)
• The Summers Trust Charity
• The Traveller Movement UK
• The Unity Project (TUP)
• The Validate AI CIC
• Themelacoach UK
• Trafford Council
• Transform Justice
• Transforming Lives for Good (TLG)
• Transition to Adulthood Alliance
• Tyburn and Wheelwright Residents Group

U

• UK Federation of Chinese Professionals
• UNISON
• Unite2Strive
• United Family and Friends Campaign
• University of Birmingham: Centre for Research in Race and Education (CRRE)
• University of Essex: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change (MiSoC)
• University of Exeter
• University of Manchester: The Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)
• University of Nottingham

V

• VotesforSchools
• Vitabonna Development

W

• Women Acting in Today’s Society (WAITS) Charity
• Wales Centre for Public Policy
• Wandsworth Anti-Racism Education Campaign (WAREC)
• We and AI
• West Midlands Combined Authority
• West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner(WMPCC)
• West Yorkshire and Harrogate Health and Care Partnership
• West Yorkshire Police
• Wellbeing Connect Services
• Why me?
• Wigan Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Steering Group
• Willesden New Testament Church of God
• Women’s Equality Party
• Women’s Policy Group NI
• World Afro Day CIC

Y

• Youth Futures Foundation

Z

• Zahid Mubarek Trust
• Zurich Insurance

Appendix C: Commissioned research

The Commission sought new and existing research and analysis from individuals and organisations to aid their work. Accordingly, it would like to thank the following:

• Dr Remi Adekoya, Department of Politics, University of York, UK
• Jennifer Barton-Crosby, Hannah Biggs, Claire Elliott, Valdeep Gill, Nathan Hudson, Padmini Iyer, Jessica Shields, and Helena Takala, NatCen Social Research, UK
• Joanne Cash, Dr Sebastian Bailey and Gauri Wadhera, Mind Gym, UK
• Adrian Crossley, The Centre for Social Justice, UK
• David G. Green, Civitas, UK
• Sunder Katwala, British Future, UK
• Professor Tom Kirchmaier and Dr Ria Ivandic, London School of Economics, UK
• Dr Richard Norrie and David Goodhart, Policy Exchange, UK
• The British Business Bank
• Natalie Perera and Jon Andrews, Education Policy Institute, UK
• Dr Samir Puri, King’s College London, UK
• Veena Raleigh and Shilpa Ross, The King’s Fund, UK
• Mr Kash Singh, One Nation One Britain, UK
• Amanda Spielman, Ofsted, UK
• Professor Clifford Stott, Dr Matthew Radburn, University of Keele, UK, Dr Arabella Kyprianides, University College London, UK and Dr Matthew Muscat, University of Cambridge, UK
• Professor Steve Strand, Department of Education, University of Oxford, UK
• Professor Yaojun Li, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
• Professor Raghib Ali, Dr Avirup Chowdhury, Professor Nita Forouhi, Professor Nick Wareham. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge
• Professor Lawrence Sherman, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, UK
• Dr Wanjiru Njoya, University of Exeter, UK

Appendix D: Stakeholders

The Commission met with many during the course of its work – either to hear evidence or to discuss recommendations. They are listed below. We advise that their being named should not be taken as an endorsement – rather we acknowledge and thank them here as a courtesy.

NHS Trusts, professional bodies and frontline workers

• Anthony Nolan
• Blood Cancer UK
• British Associations of Physicians of Indian Origin
• British Heart Foundation (BHF)
• British Medical Association (BMA)
• Diabetes UK
• General Medical Council (GMC)
• Harvard School of Health
• NHS England
• NHS Foundation Trust, Ashford and St Peter’s Hospital
• NHS Foundation Trust, Calderdale and Huddersfield Hospitals
• Greater Manchester Mental Health
• NHS Foundation Trust, Hertfordshire Partnership University
• NHS Foundation Trust, Kings Hospital
• NHS Foundation Trust, Ormskirk Hospital
• Royal Bolton Hospital
• NHS Foundation Trust, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals
• NHS Foundation Trust, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh Teaching Hospitals
• North Staffordshire G. P. Federation (NSGPF)
• Nurses, East of England
• Nurses, London
• Nurses, Midlands
• Nurses, National
• Nurses, North West
• Nurses, South East
• Paramedics, East of England
• Paramedics, London
• Paramedics, Midlands
• Paramedics, North East and Yorkshire
• Paramedics, North West
• Public Health England
• Public Health England, East Midlands
• Public Health England, South East
• Public Health England, North West
• Royal College of Nursing
• Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
• The Clementine Churchill Hospital
• The College of Paramedics

Police forces, federations and frontline officers

• Association of Police and Crime Commissioners (APCC)
• Black and Asian Police Association, West Midlands Police
• Black Police Association
• College of Policing
• Dorset Police
• Ethnic minority frontline officers, Metropolitan Police
• Former police officers
• Greater Manchester Police
• Gypsy Roma Traveller Police Association
• Merseyside Police
• Metropolitan Police Service
• National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC)
• National Sikh Police Association
• North Wales Police
• North Yorkshire Police
• Nottinghamshire Police
• Police Federation of England and Wales
• Police Now
• Police Service of Northern Ireland
• Police Superintendent Association
• West Midlands Police

Devolved administrations

• Senedd Cymru
• Scottish Parliament

Charities, not-for-profit organisations

• Anne Frank Trust
• Anne Frank Trust Youth Ambassadors
• British Red Cross
• British Science Association
• Confederation of British Industry (CBI)
• Coram Children’s Charity
• ‘Is This Ok?’ Project
• One Britain, One Nation
• Policy Exchange think tank
• Reach Society
• Revolving Doors
• Social Mobility Foundation
• UK Youth
• West of Scotland Regional Equality Council (WSREC)
• Youth Endowment Fund (YEF)
• Youth Employment UK
• Youth Futures Foundation (YFF)

Academics and individuals

• Dr Raghib Ali
• Sir John Bell, Regius Professor of Medicine
• Allan Bernard
• Dr Ben Bradford
• Duwayne Brooks, OBE
• Steeve Buckridge
• Professor Anthony Clayton
• Professor Sir Kevan Collins
• Helen Costa
• Claire Dove CBE
• Tim Godwin OBE QPM
• David Goodhart
• Dr David Green
• Helen Costa
• Lord Bernard Hogan-Howe Kt QPM
• Bishop Rose Hudson-Wilkin, Bishop of Dover
• Professor Nick Jennings, CB, FREng
• Professor Tom Kirchmaier
• Lord Neil Mendoza
• Dr Richard Norrie
• Trevor Phillips
• Dr Samir Puri
• Tom Richmond
• Professor Mike Roberts
• Levi Roots
• Sara Rowbotham
• Professor Lawrence Sherman
• Professor Swaran Singh
• Sir Simon Stevens
• Professor Clifford Stott
• Professor Nick Wareham
• Bishop Derek Webley DL MBE
• Professor David R Williams
• Lord Simon Woolley

Private sector

• @YourCareerSite
• Accelerate
• Amazon
• Applied
• BAE Systems
• Baringa Partners
• Black Young Professionals (BYP) Network
• Boeing
• Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd (Deloitte)
• Epiphannie
• Ernst & Young
• Everywoman
• Google LLC
• Green Park Recruitment
• Group GTI
• GlaxoSmithKline
• HSBC UK Bank plc
• In Diverse Company
• Korn Ferry
• LinkedIn
• Lloyds Banking Group
• Microsoft
• Mind Gym
• Modern Hire
• PricewaterhouseCoopers UK (PwC)
• Pymetrics
• Rare Recruitment
• Reckitt Benckiser Group plc
• Reed Recruitment
• Rolls-Royce
• Sainsbury’s
• Skanska UK plc
• Sky UK Ltd
• The Careers and Enterprise Company
• Young Gifted and STEM
• ZynaSearch

Leads of current and previously commissioned government reviews

• Rt Hon Dame Elish Angiolini DBE PC QC FRSA FRSE
• Professor Dame Carol Black DBE FRCP BSD
• Rt Hon Andrea Leadsom MP
• Rt Hon David Lammy MP PC FRSA
• Sir Michael Marmot FBA FMedSci FRCP
• Baroness Ruby McGregor-Smith CBE
• Sir John Parker GBE, FREng HonFIES HonFIET
• Edward Timpson CBE MP
• David Tyler
• Professor Sir Simon Wessely FMedSci
• Social Mobility Commission

Academic institutions and bodies and schools

• Ark Schools
• Association for Black and Minority Ethnic Engineers (AFBE)
• Batley Girls High School
• Black Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) Staff Network
• British Youth Council
• Behavioural Insights Team
• Centre for Caribbean Studies
• Children and Family Court Advisory Support Service (Cafcass)
• Confederation of Schools Trust
• Education Policy Institute (EPI)
• Equality and Human Rights Commission
• Evelyn Grace Academy
• Harris Federation
• Henry Jackson Society
• Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS)
• Institute of Physics (IoP)
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS)
• Kensington Primary School
• King’s College London, Department of Political Economy (DPE)
• The Kings Fund
• London School of Economics (LSE)
• National Foundation for Educational Research
• National Governance Association
• Newstead Wood School
• Oak Academy
• Sheffield Hallam Institute of Education
• The Equiano Project
• The Worshipful Company of Fuellers
• University, Bristol
• University, Cambridge
• University, College London
• University, Imperial College London
• University, Keele
• University, Leicester
• University, Liverpool
• University, Oxford
• University, Warwick
• Ventures Trust

Councils

• Bristol City Council
• Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Combined Authority
• Greater London Authority
• London Borough of Lewisham
• Liverpool City Council
• Middlesbrough Council
• London Borough of Tower Hamlets
• Watford Borough Council
• West of England Combined Authority
• West Midlands Combined Authority

Government departments, agencies, public bodies and working groups

• British Business Bank
• Cabinet Office
• Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation (CDEI)
• Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
• Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS)
• Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS)
• Department for Education (DfE)
• Department for Education (DfE), Office for Students
• Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), Care Quality Commission
• Department for Work and Pensions (DWP)
• Government Equalities Office (part of the Equality Hub)
• Home Office (HO)
• Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire and Rescue Services (HMICFRS)
• Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation (HMIP)
• Her Majesty’s Treasury (HMT)
• Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC)
• Joint Committee on Human Rights
• Ministry of Defence (MoD)
• Ministry of Justice (MoJ)
• Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted)
• Social Mobility Commission (SMC)
• Windrush Cross-Government Working Group
• Youth Justice Board (YJB)

Government ministers

• Kemi Badenoch MP, Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury and Minister for Equalities
• Baroness Barran MBE, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Civil Society
• Alex Chalk MP, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice
• Thérèse Coffey MP, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
• Caroline Dinenage MP, Minister of State for Digital and Culture
• Nadine Dorries MP, Minister for Mental Health, Suicide Prevention and Patient Safety
• Nick Gibb MP, Minister of State at the Department for Education
• Gillian Keegan MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Apprenticeships and Skills
• Kwasi Kwarteng MP. Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
• Kit Malthouse MP, Minister of State for Crime and Policing,
• Paul Scully MP, Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and Minister of State, London

Members of Parliament

• Ben Bradley MP (Mansfield, Nottinghamshire)
• Marsha de Cordova MP (Battersea)
• Robert Halfon MP (Harlow), Chair of Education Select Committee
• Rt Hon Harriet Harman QC MP (Camberwell and Peckham)
• Danny Kruger MP (Devizes, Wiltshire)

Additional thanks

• Alex Chisholm, Chief Operating Officer for the Civil Service and Permanent Secretary (Cabinet Office)
• Peter Schofield, Permanent Secretary at the Department for Work and Pensions
• Dame Rachel de Souza, Children’s Commissioner

Appendix E: Additional acknowledgements

In addition to the organisations and individuals listed in earlier sections and appendices of this report, the Chair extends his further thanks and acknowledgements to:

Fellow Commissioners and its co-opted members:

• Dr Maggie Aderin-Pocock MBE
• Aftab Chughtai MBE
• Keith Fraser
• Lord Ajay Kakkar (through to 31 December 2020 – due to prior commitment to take up another public post in the new year)
• Naureen Khalid
• Dr Dambisa Moyo
• Mercy Muroki
• Martyn Oliver
• Dr Samir Shah CBE
• Kunle Olulode
• Blondel Cluff CBE

The Commission’s Secretariat and other colleagues who supported this work including:

• Mimi Kojakovic
• Kate Cranston-Turner
• Carys Morgan
• Edward Donkor
• Abi Fasoranti
• Chanju Mwanza
• Clarissa Natel
• Tina Light
• Tammy Angelis
• Kerry Butt
• Lynsey Brown
• Alice Whitfield
• Annalise Halsall
• Mark Mason
• Alessandra Akiwowo
• Clement la-Touche
• Evelyn Atat
• Teri-Jane Hawkins
• Sam Asbury
• Summer Nisar

Officials from the following, whom the Commission engaged as part of its work:

• the Race Disparity Unit, in particular the officials from the analytical and digital teams
• the Government Equality Office, in particular officials from the communications team
• the Private Office for the Minister for Equalities
• the Cabinet Office’s corporate support functions, particularly those in the Arms Length Body, Public Appointments, and Propriety and Ethics Teams
• MOJ, DWP, DfE, DCMS, Home Office, BEIS and DHSC