HS270 Trusts and settlements - income treated as the settlor's (2024)

Question 1

1. Settlor and settlements

Accepted Answer

1.1 A settlor

A settlor is a person who ‘makes a settlement’, that’s someone who puts or gifts money or other assets into a settlement. This is known as ‘settling’ property and it can be done directly or indirectly.

1.2 Example 1

Sue gives £1,000 to her brother Roger to put into trust for her children. Roger sets up a trust with this money and although he’s the named settlor in the trust deed, Sue is treated as the real settlor because it was her who indirectly provided (or settled) the funds.

1.3 A settlement

For Income Tax purposes, 2 elements must be present for there to be a settlement:

There must be some form of arrangement, either formal or informal, where property or income belonging to one person is passed to another — property here includes money, land and other types of physical assets as well as incorporeal assets such as shares, rights and options.
There must be an element of giving or getting something for nothing or for less than the open market value — this is known as bounty.

Settlements may involve written agreements or deeds. Trusts are a common type but there does not have to be a deed for there to be a settlement. A settlement can also be a disposition, covenant or agreement, so can also be something as simple as a dividend waiver, or even an unwritten arrangement, such as a straightforward gift or transfer of property.

1.4 Example 2

Betty puts company shares that she owns into trust for her children. She has made a settlement. She has transferred the property to the trustees and there’s bounty in this arrangement as she has given the property away for nothing. On the other hand, if she has sold those shares on the open market at the going rate, she would not have made a settlement. Although there’s still a transfer of property, there’s no bounty as she has received payment at full market value for the shares.

1.5 Example 3

Peter puts £10,000 into a bank account in the names of each of his children. He has transferred the property to be held on behalf of his children for nothing in return. This provides bounty and is a settlement.

1.6 What is not treated as a settlement

There are a number of transactions or arrangements which are not treated as settlements. These are:

outright gifts between spouses or civil partners — but only if the gift is not just of income, or mainly income (so the underlying capital is also transferred). The recipient of the gift must also be entitled to all the income that arises. Gifts between spouses or civil partners which are subject to conditions, for example, where the person making the gift can get it back if certain events happen, are not outright gifts, and are therefore settlements
marriage settlements — arrangements made by one party to a marriage or civil partnership to provide for the other in the event that the marriage or civil partnership comes to an end — this could be a formal dissolution or annulment, a separation under a court order or other agreement, or a separation in circumstances where it’s likely to be permanent
annual payments made by an individual for commercial reasons in connection with their trade or profession
loans made by an individual to a charity, which are either interest-free or low interest
arrangements made by a person giving their spouse or civil partner rights to their pension or allocating benefits under an approved pension arrangement

Question 2

2. When a settlor is chargeable

Accepted Answer

There are 3 situations where a settlor can be chargeable.

2.1 The settlor keeps an interest in the trust or settlement

As a settlor you keep an interest in a trust or settlement if in any way the property can be paid to or applied for the benefit of you, or your spouse or civil partner.

Property here means:

the property which you have put into the settlement — this could be money or other assets, such as land or shares
any other property which has since been acquired, directly or indirectly, from the disposal proceeds of the original property that you put into the settlement
income arising on the property

If you’re a settlor and have kept an interest, you’re taxable on the income arising to the settlement even if you do not actually receive that income. In the case of a trust, where the trustees have incurred expenses in managing that trust, you cannot deduct those expenses to reduce the amount taxable on you (read the final bullet point on trustees’ payments to charities under ‘The exceptions — situations where you do not keep an interest’).

There are some situations where you’re not treated as keeping an interest — (read the notes below under ‘The exceptions — situations where you do not keep an interest’).

2.2 Example 4

Following an illness Dave is no longer able to work. To make sure there’s sufficient provision for his future in case his condition gets worse, he decides to set up the Dave Green Discretionary Trust and put some of his money into it.

Dave is the settlor of the trust but as he is also the beneficiary he has kept an interest because the trustees can, at their discretion, make payments of either capital or income to him as beneficiary. Dave is therefore taxable on any income arising to the trustees.

If the circumstances had been different and it was Dave’s parents who put their money into trust for his benefit, they would be the settlors, not Dave. In which case he would not be a settlor and so the issue of him keeping an interest would not arise. He would therefore not be taxable on the income arising to the trustees (although, like any other beneficiary, he would still be taxable on actual payments the trustees choose to make to him).

2.3 Example 5

Anwar puts property into trust for his grandson Rashid until he becomes 30. At that point, the property will pass to Rashid absolutely. However, the trust deed makes no mention of what should happen to the property if Rashid dies before he reaches that age.

Anwar is the settlor and has kept an interest in the property because, under trust law, it reverts back to the settlor if the beneficiary does not survive to the required age and there’s no other beneficiary specified. Although unlikely, the capital of the trust could be paid to Anwar and so he will be chargeable on any income arising to the trustees.

2.4 You’re a settlor with an absolute entitlement to trust income

If you’re a settlor of a trust and also a beneficiary with an absolute entitlement to income of that trust (but not capital), the trust is settlor-interested. The trustees may have given you form R185 (Settlor) with details of the income on which you’re taxable as settlor. This amount may be more than the income to which you’re entitled under the deed as they may have used some of that income on expenses incurred in managing the trust. As settlor you’re taxable on the total income.

Do not show your entitlement in boxes 3 to 5 of the Trusts etc pages. Instead include the total income arising to the trustees in boxes 7 to 9. If you’ve not been given a form R185 (Settlor), you may need to speak to the trustees to find out the amount of income taxable on you.

2.5 Tax paid by the trustees and your tax liability

Where trustees have already been taxed on the income, you get credit for that tax and can set it against your liability, as settlor, on the trust income. If you’ve not been given a form R185 (Settlor), you may need to speak to the trustees to find out the amount of any tax they’ve been charged. The rates of tax applied will differ according to the type of trust and nature of the income — use boxes 7 to 12 on the Trusts etc pages according to the rate of tax charged on the trustees to make sure you get the correct amount of credit.

The trustees are required to fund your Income Tax liability because you’re charged to tax on income that may not belong to you; it’s treated as yours solely for Income Tax. Where the tax paid by the trustees exceeds your own liability, that excess belongs to them.

For accumulation or discretionary trusts, the trust rate of 45% means that, in most cases, unless you are liable at the additional rate, the tax paid by trustees will exceed the tax due from you. Where this happens you’re required to return the excess tax to the trustees.

If required, HMRC will provide a certificate with the details of the repayment due to you on the trust income treated as yours to help you work out how much you owe the trustees. You can ask your own HMRC office or the office dealing with the affairs of the trust for such a certificate.

Where the tax paid by the trustees is insufficient to cover your tax liability on the settlement income, you can claim a refund of any additional tax that you have to pay from the trustees. If required, HMRC will provide a certificate with the details of the tax due from you on the trust income treated as yours for you to show the trustees how much they owe you. You can ask your own HMRC office or the office dealing with the affairs of the trust for such a certificate.

2.6 The exceptions — situations where you do not keep an interest

There are a number of circumstances where you’re not treated as keeping an interest in the property of a trust or settlement you’ve made. These are:

making an outright gift of money to another person with no strings attached; in other words you give up any rights or control over that money — the person receiving the gift may choose of their own accord to give the money back to you but you’re not treated as keeping an interest in that money — this is because that other person has complete freedom to do what they want with that money

2.7 Example 6

Dawn gives her daughter Jane a sum of money because her business is doing well. Jane can do as she pleases with this money. A few years later Dawn’s business is suffering and Jane decides to give back a large part of the money. The original gift was not a loan and there was never any understanding it would be paid back. Although part of the original gift has since been used by Jane to fund her gift to her mother, Dawn has not kept an interest in the property.

where your interest in property comes about only because the person with the beneficial interest in the property (or who may have one at some point in the future):
- becomes bankrupt
- assigns their interest to you
- charges, or grants a right of security over the property
- is party to a marriage settlement (see ‘What is not treated as a settlement’) but both parties and any children of the marriage or civil partnership die
- is a child of yours (or your civil partner) who would have become beneficially entitled to the property before the age of 25, but died before reaching that age and as a result you (or your spouse or civil partner) acquire an interest
where there’s no possibility that you (or your spouse or civil partner) can acquire an interest in the property during the life of another person, while they are under 25, unless they become bankrupt or assign the interest
where the trustees of a trust pay income to a charity, either as a gift or under the terms of the trust deed — if so, you’re not taxable on this income although you keep an interest in the settlement itself and in any other income that is not paid to charity — the exception only applies to gifts to charity where the income is paid in the same tax year as it arises

In addition, if the trustees have used part of their income on allowable expenses of managing the trust (trust management expenses or TMEs), you’re not taxable on the proportion of the amount that corresponds to the gift to charity. This can affect how you show your income from a trust.

2.8 Example 7 — discretionary trusts and payments to charity

The trustees of the Peter Bruce Discretionary Trust receive income of £1,000 in the year and they spend £200 of that on TMEs. In addition, they give £100 to a charity. Peter is the settlor and the trust is settlor-interested, so he’s taxable on the income arising to the trustees but not on the £100 they gave to charity. In addition he’s not taxable on the part of the income spent on TMEs that corresponds to the gift to charity, which is £200 multiplied by 100/1,000 = £20. So, Peter’s liability is £1,000 minus £100 minus £20 = £880.

2.9 Example 8 — interest in possession trusts and payments to charity

The trustees of the Burns Family Trust receive rental income of £1,200 and bank interest of £300. Under the terms of the trust deed they need to pay two thirds of the income after allowable expenses to the settlor Richard and one third after allowable expenses to charity. Their total allowable expenses amount to £90 and these are apportioned between Richard and the charity.

The TMEs apportioned to Richard’s income cannot be used to reduce the amount of his taxable income (see the section ‘The settlor keeps an interest in the trust or settlement’) and so he is taxable on the following.

Type	Amount
Rental income of £1,200 multiplied by two-thirds	£800 (to go in box 7 on the Trusts etc pages)
Bank interest of £300 multiplied by two-thirds	£200 (to go in box 8)

If the trustees had to instead pay all of the bank interest to charity (but none of the rental income), Richard would not be taxable on that interest. He would be taxable on rental income of £1,200 and this would go in box 7.

2.10 Examples of keeping an interest in non-trust situations

2.11 Example 9 — shares with restricted rights

Ron is a director and sole shareholder of, RH Trading Ltd. He creates a new class of B shares — these carry no voting rights and no rights to any assets in the event that the company is wound up. The company then issues these B shares to Ron’s wife Anita.

Any dividends voted on the B shares are taxable on Ron. There’s a settlement as Anita has been given the shares for nothing. Ron has kept an interest in it because the income is paid to his wife. As the B shares entitle Anita to income only, the exemption for outright gifts between spouses clearly does not apply (see ‘What is not treated as a settlement’).

Ron should include the dividends on the B shares in box 9 on the Trusts etc pages of his tax return and a brief explanation in box 25. Anita does not include the dividends in her tax return but a brief note in the ‘Any other information’ box, box 19 on page TR 7 would be helpful.

2.12 Example 10 — dividend waivers

Gill owns 80 ordinary shares in GT Co Ltd and her husband Frank owns the remaining 20. The company makes a profit of £25,000 in the year. Gill waives her right to any dividend and then the company declares a dividend of £1,000 per share. Frank receives £20,000.

Part of Frank’s dividend payment is taxable on Gill. There’s a settlement here as she has given away income which, in the absence of the waiver, would have gone to her — the company could not have paid £1,000 per share if Gill had not waived her right to a dividend as its profits were not large enough. So as a result Frank has received a larger dividend. Without Gill’s waiver, Frank’s share of the total dividend would have been £4,000 (£20,000 multiplied by one-fifth) and so the balance of £16,000 is taxable on Gill.

Gill should include the £16,000 in box 9 on the Trusts etc pages of her tax return and a brief explanation in box 25. Frank should include £4,000 in the ‘Interest and dividends from UK banks, building societies etc.’ section on page TR 3 of his tax return with a brief note in the ‘Any other information’ box, box 19 on page TR 7.

2.13 Example 11 — subscribed shares

Claire sets up a company to provide services to a number of clients. The company’s share capital consists of 2 £1 shares. She subscribes for one and her husband Andy subscribes for the other. Claire is the sole director and Andy is the company secretary but otherwise he takes no active part in the company. There are no significant capital assets and the first year’s trading results are as follows.

Type	Amount
Turnover	£100,000
Expenses	£5,000
Claire’s salary	£10,000
Andy’s salary	£5,000
Dividends	£70,000

Claire undertakes all the work bringing in the turnover of £100,000 and her salary and dividends come to £45,000. Andy’s salary and dividends amount to £40,000. While there may be a settlement as Claire is allowing some of her earnings to be paid to Andy by way of a dividend, it’s an outright gift between spouses. As Andy’s share is an ordinary share, he’s entitled not only to income but also to the capital of the company (even if there is hardly any capital).

The outright gift exemption applies (see ‘What is not treated as a settlement’) and this arrangement is therefore not treated as a settlement for Income Tax purposes. The issue of whether Claire has kept an interest does not therefore apply and she’s not taxable on any part of Andy’s dividend income.

2.14 Example 12 — partnerships

Phil’s a sole trader and he decides to admit his civil partner, Derek, as an equal partner. Derek does no work for the partnership but the agreement provides for the partnership profits to be shared equally.

There is a settlement, because Phil is allowing some of his earnings to be paid to Derek. But this is an outright gift between civil partners. This gift is not limited to just income as Derek is entitled to his share of any capital there may be in the business. This arrangement is not treated as a settlement for Income Tax purposes because the exemption for outright gifts between spouses and civil partners applies. Derek is taxable on his share of the partnership profits and Phil is taxable only on his actual share.

2.15 Trust income or capital is held for the benefit of the settlor’s minor child or stepchild

In this part, child means a child or stepchild of yours, or a child of your civil partner, who is:

under 18 years of age
neither married nor in a civil partnership

If you’ve put money or property into a settlement where any child of yours can benefit, and the relevant settlement income is in excess of £100, then you’re taxable on:

payments of income made to each child under the settlement
amounts of income applied for the benefit of each child (this is where the payment is made to someone other than the child but for the child’s benefit, for example, payment of school fees)
amounts to which any child is entitled, even if these amounts are not actually paid over to the child, for example income arising to bare trustees, but not paid over to the child

Where the trustees retain or accumulate income arising under the settlement and subsequently a payment is made in connection with the settlement to, or for the benefit of, the child then the payment is treated as a payment of income, and so you are taxable on the amount, for example:

payments of capital made to each child under the settlement (but see the paragraph below)
amounts applied for the benefit of each child (this is where the payment is made to someone other than the child but for the child’s benefit, for example, payment of school fees — see the paragraph below)
You’re only taxable as settlor on payments and amounts where they can be matched to the available income kept by the trustees (see the section ‘How to calculate the trustees’ available income’ below which will help you see if this is the case).

Where the child’s income includes a tax credit from the trustees, the tax is available to the settlor. Where the tax credit exceeds the amount of tax due from the settlor the excess should be returned to the child/trustees.

2.16 Trusts and settlements made before 9 March 1999

The rules are slightly different where the trust or settlement was made before 9 March 1999 as the third bullet point (amounts to which a child is entitled) does not apply. So if the trust or settlement was made before this date and you’ve not added any money or property to it since then, you’re taxable only on actual payments made to a child or on amounts applied for the benefit of the child, subject to the available income kept by the trustees.

Where the trust or settlement was made before 9 March 1999 but you’ve added money or property to it since then, the normal rules described above (all bullet points) apply to the funds or property added on or after 9 March 1999. So where a child has an entitlement to income but it has not been paid over to them, you must apportion that income over the 2 periods to 8 March 1999 and from 9 March 1999. There are no set rules as to how you apportion the income but it must be done in a fair and reasonable way.

2.17 Available kept income — how to work out the amount

Where the trustees can or do keep or accumulate income, you’re taxable on the lower of:

the total payments made under a trust or settlement to, and amounts applied for, the benefit of your child
the available income kept by the trustees

To work out the amount of available kept income, add up all of the income arising to the trust or settlement since it was first made. Then deduct the following amounts from that total income that:

has already been treated as yours in an earlier year
has been paid to, applied for the benefit of or otherwise treated as the income of someone other than your child
the trustees have applied on allowable expenses of managing the trust or settlement

2.18 The trustees pay a capital sum to the settlor

This applies only where there’s a trust. You’re taxable on the lower of:

the capital sum paid to you by the trustees
the available income

Capital sums include the trustees:

lending money to you, your spouse or civil partner
repaying a loan to you, your spouse or civil partner
paying money to a third party at your request
paying money to a third party where you have assigned your right to receive it
paying or applying a sum for your benefit

They do not include payments of income or the payment of sums (other than loans or repayments of loans) where you as settlor in return pay in full for them, either in money or money’s worth.

You’re taxable on the lower of the capital sum and the trustees’ available income in the tax year in which the capital sum is paid to you (or to your spouse or civil partner). If the available income in that year is less than the capital sum, the balance of the capital sum is carried forward to the following year and matched against the trustees’ available income in that later year. This continues for a maximum of 10 years (following the year in which the capital sum is paid) until all the capital sum has been matched. If you repay the whole capital sum, you’re no longer taxable on it in the tax year following the one in which you make the full repayment.

Where you’ve received but wholly repaid a loan and then the trustees make another loan, some or all of that additional loan may be treated as a capital sum and taxable on you. If you were taxable on the original loan, it’s only the excess of the additional loan over the original loan that’s treated as a capital sum.

Similarly, if you’ve made a loan to the trustees, which they have repaid in full, and you then make another loan to them, the repayment of the first loan is not treated as a capital sum as long as the second loan is at least equal to the first.

2.19 Example 13

Dominic settled £200,000 into trust for his minor children in 2020 to 2021 and during the tax year 2023 to 2024 the trustees make him a loan of £35,200, which he uses to expand his business. That loan is a capital sum and Dominic is taxable on it, subject to the trustees having available income.

If there’s insufficient available income in 2023 to 2024, the balance of the loan may be matched with available income of a later year. This goes on until the later of it all being matched, or a maximum of 10 years from 2023 to 2024 (2033 to 2034).

2.20 Capital sums paid by a company

A capital sum of any type mentioned, paid by a company, will be taxable on you as a settlor of a trust. If the company paying the capital sum is:

connected with a trust of which you’re a settlor
the trustees of that trust make an associated payment to the company

For Income Tax purposes the trustees are treated as though they’ve paid you the capital sum. The amount taxable cannot exceed the amount or value of the associated payment. Company here means any corporate body. It does not include individuals, partnerships or unincorporated associations.

A company is connected with a trust if:

it’s a close company
the participators in it include the trustees

Broadly speaking, a close company is one which is controlled by 5 or less participators or controlled by any number of participators who are all directors of the company, whether it’s resident in the UK or elsewhere. A participator is a person who has a share or interest in the capital or income of a company, for example, a shareholder. More detailed definitions can be found in the Company Taxation Manual from page CTM60000.

An associated payment is either:

any loan or repayment of a loan to the company in question by the trustees
any other sum or asset transferred by the trustees to the company, that is, paid or transferred in the 5 years beginning or ending on the date on which the company pays you the capital sum

If the associated payment is made before the capital sum is paid, the capital sum is taxable on you as settlor in the year that it’s paid. If the associated payment is made after the capital sum is paid, it’s taxable in the year following the year that the associated payment is made. An associated payment does not include a sum or asset for which the company pays in full in money or money’s worth.

2.21 Example 14

The share capital of General Co Ltd consists of 2 £10 ordinary shares. One of these is held by the trustees of the Sheila C Discretionary Trust and Sheila is the settlor of that trust. In September 2013, General Co Ltd makes a loan to Sheila of £8,000. A year later the trustees of the Sheila C Discretionary Trust transfer a shareholding, worth £5,000, in a different company to General Co Ltd for nothing.

General Co Ltd is a close company (there are only 2 shareholders and so it has fewer than 5 participators) and it’s paid Sheila a capital sum. The trustees have made an associated payment to the company within 5 years of the payment of the capital sum. Sheila is taxable on the £5,000 in 2015 to 2016, to the extent that the trustees have available income.

2.22 How to calculate the trustees’ available income

Add together all the unprotected income that has arisen to the trust since it started. For more information on unprotected income read note A. You may need to contact the trustees for the figures.

Then make the following deductions from that total.

Note	Description
A	Income in this or earlier years which has been distributed by the trustees to any person — read Note A.
B	Certain expenses paid by the trustees in this year that are properly payable out of their income — read Note B.
C	The amount of available income in earlier years which has already been matched against capital sums taxable on you.
D	Income of this or earlier years, on which you’re already taxable under sections 1 and 2 of this part (income arising to settlements in which you’ve kept an interest and payments made or amounts payable to children of yours by trustees of trusts you’ve made).
E	An amount of 45% applied to the amount of undistributed income (the total income arising to the trust since it was made, minus the figures for A and B above), minus the figure in C above.

2.23 Note A

From 6 April 2017 it’s only the unprotected income arising to the trust that can be added to the available income. Unprotected income is any income which is not protected foreign-source income as defined in the ‘Protection of overseas trusts’ provisions in F(No 2)A 2017 as they apply to the settlements legislation. This change feeds through to the calculation of undistributed income arising under a trust that can be treated as unprotected income that’s not been distributed.

For more information on unprotected foreign income see ‘Identifying unprotected income’.

2.24 Note B

For example, discretionary payments to beneficiaries. To count as distributed income, it must be taxable as income in the hands of the person receiving it. This includes amounts which:

are subject to Income Tax but do not result in an actual tax charge because of personal allowances or similar of the person receiving them
are not charged to tax only because the person receiving them is not taxable in the UK

Distributed income does not include payments:

of interest
to companies that are connected with the trust
to the trustees of another trust, where that trust has been made either by you or the trustees making the payment

2.25 Note C

These include any expenses of the trustees paid in this year except:

any such expenses included in the figure for A
interest for which no tax relief is allowable
interest paid to you, your spouse or civil partner if living with you
any other interest if the distributed income in A was payable only to you, your spouse or civil partner
a part of any other interest if the distributed income in A was payable to any person other than you, your spouse or civil partner and this part is calculated using the Working Sheet

2.26 Identifying unprotected income

Unprotected income is income that is not protected foreign-source income.

6 conditions must be met for a tax year if the income arising under a trust is to be protected foreign-source income for that year:

The income would be relevant foreign income if it were income of a UK resident individual.
The income is from property originating from the settlor.
When the trust was created the settlor was not domiciled in the UK (or deemed domiciled in the UK if the trust was created on or after 6 April 2017).
There’s no time in the tax year when the settlor is either domiciled in the UK, or deemed domiciled in the UK because they’re resident here, were born in the UK and have a UK domicile of origin.
The trustees of the trust are not UK resident.
No property or income has been provided directly or indirectly for the purpose of the trust by the settlor, or by the trustees of a settlement of which the settlor is a beneficiary or settlor, at a time in the relevant period when the settlor is domiciled or deemed domiciled in the UK.

Please note the following in relation to condition 6:

the relevant period is the period beginning with the later of 6 April 2017 or the creation of the trust and ending with the end of the tax year
the addition of value to trust property is treated as the direct provision of property
various matters can be ignored in deciding if property has been provided by the settlor, these are:
- property or income provided under an arm’s length transaction, other than a loan
- property or income provided without any intention by the person of providing gratuitous benefit to any person, other than under a loan
- the principle of the loan is made to the trustees on arm’s length terms — interest at the official rate or more must be payable at least annually for the loan to be on arm’s length terms
- if such a loan is capitalised, (or there is any failure to pay interest per the terms, or the terms are varied so they cease to be arm’s length), the principal of the loan will be regarded as having been provided at the time of the capitalisation for the purposes of the sixth condition
- the payment of interest to the trustees of the settlement under a loan made by them on arm’s length terms — interest at no more than the official rate can be payable for the loan to be on arms’ length terms.
- repayment to the trustees of the settlement of the principal of a loan made by them
- property or income provided in pursuance of a liability incurred by any person before 6 April 2017
- property or income provided to meet any taxation or administration expenses that exceed the income for that year — the amount provided cannot exceed the excess, or the amount of expenses that can be paid out of the settlement’s income

Special rules apply to loans to trustees in existence before a settlor becomes deemed domiciled in the UK on or after 6 April 2017. If the loan is not entered into on arm’s length terms, the outstanding amount is to be regarded as property provided by the lender on that date. This applies to any amount that’s outstanding when settlor becomes deemed domiciled in the UK and is payable or repayable on demand on or after that date.

Where the settlor becomes deemed domiciled in the UK on 6 April 2017 there’s a period of grace where the loan can be repaid or placed on arm’s length terms before 6 April 2018. Any interest paid for the tax year 2017 to 2018 is paid as if the revised terms had been in place throughout the year.

Income of tax year 2022 to 2023 that is not protected foreign-source income will be unprotected income and can form part of the available and undistributed income for tax year 2022 to 2023 and later years.

2.27 How to calculate the tax charge

2.28 Step 1

Compare the amount of trustees’ available income with the amount of the capital sum if the amount of available income:

is higher than the capital sum, the taxable amount is the capital sum
is lower than the capital sum, the taxable amount is the available income — the difference between the 2 amounts is carried forward to next year and set against the available income in that year (for a maximum of 10 more years or until the capital sum is exhausted)

2.29 Step 2

Gross up the taxable amount in step 1 at the trust rate (this is done by multiplying by 100 and dividing by 55).

2.30 Step 3

Multiply the grossed up amount in step 2 by 45% to arrive at the tax charge.

2.31 Step 4

Deduct notional credit from the tax charge in step 3. Notional credit is given on the available income, which is matched to the capital sum, arising to the trustees. The rate of notional credit is:

34% on the trustees available income arising before 6 April 2004
40% on the trustees’ available income arising from 6 April 2004 to 5 April 2010 inclusive
50% on the trustees available income arising from 6 April 2010 to 5 April 2013 inclusive
45% on the trustees’ available income arising on or after 6 April 2013

There’s no notional credit on income arising outside the UK to trustees who are not resident in the UK.

2.32 Where to enter the tax charge in your tax return

You should enter:

any tax chargeable as a result of the calculation in step 1 and step 2 in box 14 on the tax calculation summary pages
your full calculation (the amount in step 1, the amount in step 3 and any notional credit in step 4) in the ‘Any other information’ box, box 25 of the Trusts etc pages

Question 3

3. Contact

Accepted Answer

For more information about online forms, phone numbers and addresses contact Self Assessment:general enquiries.

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