United Kingdom Poultry and Poultry Meat Statistics - December 2021
Updated 17 February 2022
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This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/historical-statistics-notices-on-poultry-and-poultry-meat-production-2021/united-kingdom-poultry-and-poultry-meat-statistics-december-2021
An issue with the response rate of turkey slaughtering numbers has been detected. For August 2020 data onwards we have moved the data source to the FSA throughput data while we investigate the issue with the previous data source.
We have conducted a review of our hatcheries survey register to include additional participants. These additional participants were included from November 2020 and have provided backdated data from January 2020 until survey inclusion. Corresponding month’s figures have been amended to include this backdated data. Due to this process the data before January 2020 will not be directly comparable with data post-January 2020.
This release shows the latest monthly information on poultry statistics, including hatchery output, slaughtering and meat production volumes.
1. Key messages
December 2021 in comparison to December 2020:
- UK commercial layer chick placings were down 12% at 2.6 million chicks - table 3.3
- UK broiler chick placings were unchanged at 91.5 million chicks - table 3.3
- Turkey chick placings were up by 3.3% at 1.0 million chicks - table 3.3
- Turkey slaughterings were down 24% at 1.5 million birds - table 4.1
- UK broiler slaughterings were down 1.7% at 78.0 million birds - table 4.1
- Total UK poultry meat production were up 2.3% at 152.0 thousand tonnes - table 4.4
2. Commentary
The number of eggs set each month indicates how many chicks will be available for placing into poultry systems in future months. Hen eggs take around 21 days to hatch, turkey eggs take around 28 days. The number of placed chicks each month indicates future volumes of poultry meat and egg production. Consumer demand strongly affects broiler chick and turkey poult placings. There are clear peaks (of turkeys) and troughs (of broilers) in the average weekly placings figures in the months running up to Christmas (Figs 2.1 and 2.2). This translates into equivalent high/low levels in the slaughtering volumes over the Christmas period (Figs 3.1 and 3.2).
3. Numbers of eggs set and chicks placed by UK hatcheries
This section contains tables and charts that indicate the number of eggs set and chicks placed by United Kingdom hatcheries in the most recent months.
Please note that the surveys are not calendar months. They are statistical months containing either 4 or 5 weeks. In order to remove the statistical month effect and give a clearer indication of trends, weekly average numbers have been used. The Methodology section provides more explanation of the statistical week system.
Table 3.1: Number of eggs set per month by UK Hatcheries (millions)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | yr on yr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 weeks | 5 weeks | 4 weeks | 4 weeks | % change | |
| Commercial broilers (a) | 108.5 | 124.1 | 103.1 | 107.2 | -1.2% |
| Broiler breeders (a) (b) | 3.7 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 21% |
| Turkeys (c) | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | -4.8% |
| Commercial layers (c) | 7.8 | 8.9 | 6.8 | 6.2 | -21% |
(a) Includes eggs set to produce chicks for placing outside the UK
(b) Includes Broiler parents and grandparents
(c) Only includes eggs set for commercial stock, including those for placing outside the UK
Table 3.2: Average number of eggs set per week by UK Hatcheries (millions)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | % change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial broilers (a) | 27.1 | 24.8 | 25.8 | 26.8 | 4.0% |
| Broiler breeders (a) (b) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | -10.7% |
| Turkeys (c) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -1.6% |
| Commercial layers (c) | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | -9.5% |
(a) Includes eggs set to produce chicks for placing outside the UK
(b) Includes Broiler parents and grandparents
(c) Only includes eggs set for commercial stock, including those for placing outside the UK
Table 3.3: Chicks and poults placed per month in the UK by UK Hatcheries (millions)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | yr on yr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 weeks | 5 weeks | 4 weeks | 4 weeks | % change | |
| Commercial broilers (a) | 91.5 | 110.8 | 86.3 | 91.5 | 0.0% |
| Broiler breeders (b) | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | -12% |
| Turkey poults (c) | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.3% |
| Commercial layers | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | -12% |
(a) Includes ‘by-product’ chicks
(b) Female parents only. Excludes grandparent chicks and ‘by-product’ chicks. Includes imported female parent chicks
(c) Including female breeder poults
Table 3.4: Average numbers of chicks and poults placed per week in the UK by UK Hatcheries (millions)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | Month % change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial broilers (a) | 22.9 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 22.9 | 6.0% |
| Broiler breeders (b) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -8.0% |
| Turkey poults (c) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3% |
| Commercial layers | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | -10.4% |
(a) Includes ‘by-product’ chicks
(b) Female parents only. Excludes grandparent chicks and ‘by-product’ chicks. Includes imported female parent chicks
(c) Including female breeder poults
Figure 3.1: Average number of broiler chicks placed per week by UK Hatcheries
Figure 3.2: Average number of turkey poults placed per week by UK Hatcheries
Figure 3.3: Average number of layer chicks placed per week by UK Hatcheries
4. Poultry meat production
This section shows the number of poultry slaughtered and the average liveweights of poultry; together these indicate the volume of poultry meat production in the UK.
As in earlier tables, weekly averages are included to remove the statistical month effect.
Table 4.1: Number of poultry slaughtered per month in the UK (million birds)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | yr on yr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 weeks | 5 weeks | 4 weeks | 4 weeks | % change | |
| Broilers | 79.3 | 99.6 | 83.9 | 78.0 | -6.4% |
| Boiling fowl (a) | 4.3 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | -53% |
| Turkeys | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 66% |
(a) Includes spent hens and spent breeders
Table 4.2: Number of poultry slaughtered per week in the UK (million birds)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | Month % change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broilers | 19.8 | 19.9 | 14.0 | 11.1 | -20% |
| Boiling fowl (a) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -14% |
| Turkeys | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -31% |
(a) Includes spent hens and spent breeders
Table 4.3: Average liveweights per bird at point of slaughter in England & Wales (kilograms)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | year on year % change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Broilers | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 8.4% |
| Boiling fowl | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.9% |
| Turkeys | 8.8 | 14.5 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 24% |
Table 4.4: Volume of poultry meat produced per month in the UK (thousand tonnes carcase weight)(a)
| Dec 20 | Oct 21 | Nov 21 | Dec 21 | yr on yr | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 weeks | 5 weeks | 4 weeks | 4 weeks | % change | |
| Broilers | 125.0 | 161.8 | 135.3 | 131.3 | 5.1% |
| Boiling fowl | 5.9 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 | -32% |
| Turkeys | 16.1 | 14.2 | 20.0 | 15.1 | -6.2% |
| Ducks | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | -0.9% |
| Total (b) | 148.5 | 182.2 | 160.9 | 152.0 | 2.3% |
(a) Converted to whole bird equivalent carcase weight, net of offal
(b) Excludes other poultry types, e.g. geese
Figure 4.1: Average number of broilers slaughtered per week in the UK
Figure 4.2: Average numbers of turkeys slaughtered per week in the UK
5. About these statistics
5.1 Methodology
From July 2020 the methodology of poultry slaughterings and meat production for England and Wales has changed. Poultry slaughter numbers are now provided by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and cover all England and Wales slaughterhouses. The FSA slaughter figures are converted into a statistical month format; and meat production statistics are estimated from these statistical month FSA slaughter figures. Scotland and Northern Ireland poultry slaughterings and meat production figures continue to use the pre-July 2020 methodology. For data pre-July 2020, poultry slaughterings and poultry meat production statistics are estimated from the number of chicks placed by hatcheries and day old chick imports using industry advice on life-spans and mortality.
Average liveweights for each type of poultry are obtained from Defra’s monthly survey of England and Wales poultry slaughterhouses. This is a sample survey of large poultry slaughterhouses, around 26 respondents. Similar surveys are run in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Meat production is calculated from the estimated number of birds slaughtered and the average liveweights. The liveweight is converted to carcase weight using industry advice on conversion factors.
Monthly survey results are produced using the statistical week system (this enables comparable quarter on quarter results). This method allocates 13 weeks per quarter of a year, which breaks down into a “5 week month”, followed by two lots of “4 week months”. Monthly results, therefore, are not directly comparable to each other as they are based on differing numbers of weeks. Every 6 years this produces a 53 week statistical year; 2016 is such a year. In order to account for this extra week, December 2016 data have been revised to 5 weeks instead of the usual 4 weeks. To enable direct comparisons, weekly averages have been calculated which divide the monthly figures by the number of statistical weeks in the relevant month. Survey data are subject to a variety of validation checks which identify inconsistencies in the data. All data are cleaned prior to publication in discussion with the survey respondents.
5.2 Revisions policy
Figures in this release are provisional and subject to revision. We will provide information about any revisions we make to previously published information in this statistics release and the associated datasets. Revisions could occur for various reasons, including:
- if we have not received survey data from respondents we make an estimate based on their previous returns. These estimates are replaced with actual survey data when it is received.
- survey respondents occasionally supply amended figures for previous periods.
Northern Ireland slaughter data from October 2021 is estimated. Northern Ireland hatcheries data for October 2021 is estimated.
5.3 Data users/uses
Representatives of the poultry industry are also major users of the data. The data on Commercial layer chick sets and placings are the key sector indicators for the British Egg Industry Council (BEIC) as they indicate the future laying flock size (and hence egg production). The British Poultry Council also makes heavy use of the data as the Commercial broiler chick sets and placings give evidence on the current state of the industry and predict the available supplies of meat for the coming year. This, in turn, can affect poultry meat prices and trade decisions on levels of imports and exports to maintain supply. The breeder chick placings are also a key measure of future flock sizes and intentions of the sector. The Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board (AHDB- Cereals and Oilseeds), rely on the chick placings data as a good indicator of feed demand and hence grain usage by the sector.
Our statistics are also often heavily referenced in industry publications such as “Poultry World”.
5.4 Future publications
The next release of this notice is at 09:30 on 17th February 2022.
Full UK and England/Wales time series of poultry and poultry meat are all available on the gov.uk website at “Poultry and poultry meat statistics”
5.5 Other information
The data are subject to a variety of validation checks, which identify inconsistencies in the data. All data are cleaned prior to publication in discussion with the survey respondents.
6. Definitions
- Eggs Set: eggs placed into an incubator.
- Chicks placed: the introduction of a hatched chick into a poultry rearing system.
- Broiler: a bird raised primarily for meat production.
- Layer: a bird raised primarily to lay eggs for human consumption.
- Breeder: a bird raised primarily to provide the next generation of chicks.
- Boiler/Boiling fowl/spent hen: a layer or breeding bird whose primary purpose is spent.
- Poult: a turkey chick
7. National Statistics status
National Statistics are produced to high professional standards. They undergo regular quality assurance reviews to ensure that they meet customer needs. They are produced free from any political interference.
The continued designation of these statistics as National Statistics was confirmed in 2014 following a compliance check by the UK Statistics Authority (now the Office for Statistics Regulation) against the Code of Practice for Statistics.
Since the last review of these statistics in 2014, we have continued to comply with the Code of Practice for Statistics, and have made improvements including:
Providing a detailed breakdown of livestock categories following user feedback
Improved the data quality by updating guidance for data providers and carrying out enhanced validation checks on data received
For general enquiries about National Statistics, contact the National Statistics Public Enquiry Service: Tel: 0845 601 3034 Email: info@statistics.gov.uk.
You can find National Statistics on the internet at www.statistics.gov.uk/
Contact details
Julie Rumsey
Email: julie.rumsey@defra.gov.uk
Public enquiries: +44 (0) 2080 266306