Accredited official statistics

Local authority collected waste management – Provisional annual results 2023/24

Updated 27 March 2025

Applies to England

This release relates to the collection and management of waste under the possession or control of local authorities in England. It covers three principal measures as summarised in the table below.

Results presented in this release for 2023/24 are provisional.

The next update to this Accredited Official Statistics notice and accompanying datasets is scheduled to be in December 2025/January 2026.

What data is included in this release?

Measure	Time period
Waste from households – This is the official recycling measure that is used as the basis for reporting at a harmonised UK level.	First publication of provisional figures for the 2023 calendar year and for the 2023/24 financial year.
Local authority collected waste – This is all waste within the remit of local authorities. It includes household waste plus other non-household waste collected by local authorities.	First publication of provisional figures for the 2023/24 financial year.
Household waste – This is broader than waste from households, and includes waste from street bins, street sweepings, and parks and grounds. It does not include metals from incinerator bottom ash.	First publication of provisional figures for the 2023/24 financial year.

For more information about what data is included in the three measures listed in the table above, please refer to the section on Glossary of terms and measures and the separate methodology document. A reference document giving an explanation of what recycling is and comparing measures across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland is available.

Datasets for the national and regional data, as well as data at local authority level—including the ex-National Indicator measures—are available at the gov.uk website

1. Key points

England waste from households: 2023 and 2023/24 (Table 1 and Figure 1)

• The official England waste from households recycling rate was 44.0 per cent in 2023, up 0.6 percentage points from 43.4 per cent in 2022.
• Metal recovered and then recycled from waste that has been through incineration (IBA metal) added approximately 1.0 percentage points to the recycling rate in 2023, this was unchanged from 2020.
• In 2023, total waste from households increased to 21.7 million tonnes from 2022 when it was 21.5 million tonnes. This is equivalent to 377 kg per person, unchanged from 2022.
• The amount of residual waste treated was 12.1 million tonnes, unchanged from 2022.
• The total amount of waste recycled increased. In 2023, it was 9.5 million tonnes, up from 9.3 million tonnes in 2022. This was an increase of 2.4 per cent.
• The amount of dry material recycled in 2023 was 5.4 million tonnes down by 0.1 million tonnes from 2022, a decrease of 2.4 per cent.
• The tonnage of separately collected food waste sent for recycling was 501 thousand tonnes, an increase of 0.5 per cent from 499 thousand tonnes in 2022.
• ‘Other organic’ waste sent for recycling was 3.6 million tonnes, an increase of 0.4 million tonnes or 11 per cent on 2022.
• The rolling 12-month waste from households recycling rate was 44.0 per cent at the end of March 2024. This is an increase of 0.7 percentage points compared with the previous 12-month period. This figure includes IBA metal.

England Local Authority and Household Waste: 2023/24 financial year (Table 4 and Figure 7)

• In 2023/24, total local authority managed waste increased by 2.1 per cent to 25.1 million tonnes.
• 5.5 per cent of all local authority waste (1.4 million tonnes) was disposed of via landfill in 2023/24. This was down by 0.4 million tonnes, a decrease of 22 per cent, from 2022/23.
• Waste sent for incineration increased by 0.5 million tonnes (4.4 per cent) to 12.6 million tonnes in 2023/24 compared to 2022/23. It was the disposal method used for 50.2 per cent of all local authority waste.
• There are no changes to definitions or methodology for all local authority and household waste recycling figures; IBA metal is not included.
• 10.4 million tonnes of local authority waste were sent for recycling in 2023/24, an increase of 0.4 million tonnes (3.6 per cent) on 2022/23.
• Amongst the 321 local authorities in England, there is considerable variation in household waste recycling rates, ranging from 15.8 to 62.9 per cent in 2023/24.

1.1 Data Estimates

These figures contain an estimate for Bristol City Council whose reporting was incomplete at the time of production of these statistics. Estimates for Bristol are included within aggregated totals for England and the South West. The published figures for England and the South West are provisional.

1.2 Data Revisions

There are no revisions to the historic data shown in these statistics.

1.3 Recycling Explainer

A document giving an explanation of what can be counted as recycling, different national recycling measures and summarising how measures across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland differ is available.

1.4 Give us feedback on this notice

To help us understand your information and data needs, please complete the short survey consisting of 4 questions. (This link opens in google forms).

2. Waste from households

2.1 Waste from households (Table 1)

Waste from households is the measure introduced by the UK in 2014 to provide a harmonised UK indicator for reporting recycling rates at a UK level. It excludes local authority collected waste not considered to have come directly from households, such as street bins, street sweepings, parks and grounds waste, and compost-like output.

For more information, refer to the Data and Methodology section of this notice.

Table 1: Composition breakdown and recycling rate of waste from households in England, 2019 to 2023, (thousand tonnes) - Provisional figures

Waste type	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	% change 2023 over 2022
Total Recycling of which:	10,054	9,935	10,200	9,322	9,548	2.4%
— Dry recycling of which:	5,874	5,871	5,969	5,546	5,414	-2.4%
—— IBA Metal	201	222	228	222	216	-2.8%
— Separately collected food waste	437	485	512	499	501	0.5%
— Other organics recycling	3,743	3,579	3,718	3,277	3,632	10.8%
Total Residual	11,993	12,616	12,901	12,125	12,148	0.2%
Total waste from Households	22,074	22,586	23,120	21,466	21,717	1.2%
Waste from households recycling rate (including IBA metal)	45.5%	44.0%	44.1%	43.4%	44.0%	0.6 percentage points
Waste from households recycling rate (excluding IBA metal)	44.6%	43.0%	43.1%	42.4%	43.0%	0.6 percentage points

Notes - Table 1

Total recycling is calculated from disposal tonnages sent to reprocessors as reported in WasteDataFlow. The processing of collected waste and recycling, stockpiling, process loss and transfer means that there are inevitably differences between collected and disposal tonnages reported by local authorities. For these reasons Total Recycling and Total Residual Waste will not sum to Total waste from households. Subtotals in the table may not add due to rounding.

Total waste from households is calculated from collection tonnages reported in WasteDataFlow. It includes dry recycling/preparing for reuse and organics, and residual waste (or ‘black bag’ waste) and rejects from recycling. It excludes collected tonnages of plasterboard, rubble, or soil. IBA metal is included in the recycling figures.

Where information on some secondary waste treatments of smaller waste tonnages is not available and waste has been reported as going to treatment unknown (typically for rejects from the recycling stream), there has been a change to calculation methodology and this waste is now allocated to residual waste. See the data & methodology section of this notice for further detail.

Download the data for this table

• In 2023, the total weight of waste from households in England was 21.7 million tonnes, a 1.2 per cent increase from 21.5 million tonnes in 2022.
• The weight of waste sent for recycling was 9.5 million tonnes in 2023, a 2.4 per cent increase from 9.3 million tonnes in 2022.
• Residual waste was 12.1 million tonnes in 2023, unchanged from 2022.
• The waste from households recycling rate was 44.0 per cent in 2023, an increase of 0.6 percentage points from 2022 when the rate was 43.4 per cent.
• Other organics (mostly green garden waste) make a significant contribution to the overall recycling rate. In 2023 the tonnage of ‘other organics’ increased by 0.4 million tonnes, 10.8 per cent higher than in 2022. This was a result of a return to more normal growing conditions in 2023 compared to the dry weather which limited plant growth in 2022.
• Metals recovered from incinerated waste and then recycled (IBA metal) contributed 216 thousand tonnes, down from 222 thousand tonnes in 2022. This was a decrease of 2.8 per cent.
• When IBA metal is excluded, the waste from households recycling rate was 43.0 per cent in 2023, an increase of 0.6 percentage points from the 2022 rate of 42.4 per cent.

2.2 Waste from households: Waste Streams (Figures 1 to 5)

Figure 1: Waste composition: Waste stream proportions as a percentage of total waste from households, 2019-2023, England

Notes - Figure 1

Residual waste includes residual waste from households regular collections (black bags), bulky waste, residual waste from civic amenity centres, and rejects from recycling. It excludes waste diverted for recycling from residual waste.

Dry recycling includes paper and card, glass, plastic, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), scrap metals including those reclaimed from incinerator bottom ash as well as other materials.

Other organics includes green garden waste, mixed garden and food waste, wood for composting and other compostable waste.

Percentages may not add to exactly 100. This is due to rounding.

Download the data for this chart

• A total of 21.7 million tonnes of waste from households was treated in England in 2023. Of this, 56.0 per cent was residual waste, 25.0 per cent was dry recycling, 16.7 per cent was ‘other organics’—including green garden waste and mixed garden and food waste—and 2.3 per cent was separately collected food waste.
• The majority (56.7 per cent) of waste from households recycling in 2023 was dry recyclate.
• The tonnage of dry recycling, which includes paper and card, glass, plastic, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and scrap metals including those reclaimed from incinerator bottom ash, as well as other materials decreased to 5.4 million tonnes in 2023. As a proportion of total waste from households it was 25.0 per cent in 2023.
• Separately collected food waste increased by 0.5 per cent to 501 thousand tonnes in 2023 from 499 thousand tonnes in 2022. Whilst only a small proportion of total waste from households recycling at 5.3 per cent it has increased from 1.3 per cent in 2010.
• The tonnage of ‘other organic’ waste (including garden waste, mixed garden and food waste, wood for composting and other compostable waste) increased by 0.4 million tonnes or 10.8 per cent to 3.6 million tonnes in 2023. ‘Other organics’ accounted for 38.0 per cent of total waste from households recycling, 2.8 percentage points higher than in 2022.
• Organic waste tonnages are variable, linked to the season and weather and plant growing conditions. In 2022 the main impact to organic tonnages was caused by the hot dry summer, which returned to more normal conditions in 2023.

2.3 Waste from households: quarterly trends (Figures 2 and 3)

A quarterly data series for the waste from households measure is available

Figure 2: Waste from households: Quarterly trends Jan - Mar 2019 to Oct - Dec 2023

Download the data for this chart

Figure 2 shows quarterly tonnages of total residual, total recycling and total waste from households in the last 5 years. There is seasonal variation in quarterly waste tonnages. This is mostly due to the contribution of organic garden waste. Tonnages of organics are usually at their highest levels in April to June, and lowest in January to March when garden waste collections reduce over the winter period. Variation in organic waste tonnages between years is mainly due to weather conditions affecting plant growth.

Figure 2 shows how trends have changed since 2019 with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic increasing waste generation in 2020 and 2021.

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic kerbside collections of waste and in particular waste deposited at household waste recycling centres (HWRC) were disrupted. This impacted the tonnage of waste collected in April to June 2020, when total waste from household stood at 5.7 million tonnes, the lowest April to June figure across the 5 years.

Increased time at home during the pandemic resulted in higher waste generation. Total waste from households rose to its highest quarterly levels between July to September 2020 through to July to September 2021. The highest quarterly tonnage during this period was in April to June 2021 when residual waste tonnages rose to 3.3 million tonnes and total waste from households was 6.2 million tonnes. 2021 had the highest recorded tonnage of waste from households of the last 13 calendar years from 2010.

In 2022, total waste from households fell to 21.5 million tonnes. This is the lowest annual tonnage across the 13 years. There were large decreases across each of the waste streams. Whilst we can say with some confidence that the bulk of the decrease in the tonnage of organic waste collected in 2022 was primarily due to weather conditions reducing plant growth, there is less certainty about the main drivers for the overall decreases in dry recyclate and residual waste. Decreases in the first half of 2022 are accentuated by the continuing impact of the pandemic in 2021. Residual waste tonnages returned to pre pandemic levels in 2022.

In 2023, total waste from households increased by 0.3 million tonnes to 21.7 million tonnes. This increase was the result of a return to more normal levels of organic waste collected, offsetting further decreases in the tonnage of dry recyclate. Residual waste was unchanged at 12.1 million tonnes.

Figure 3 shows quarterly changes in the tonnage of total recycling for waste from households in England between 2022 and 2023.

Figure 3: Quarterly year on year change in weight of recycled waste from households, 2023 compared to 2022, England

Download the data for this chart

• Compared to the same periods in 2022, total recycling decreased in Jan to March 2023, before increasing in each of the remaining 3 quarters. These increases were driven by ‘Other Organics’ returning to normal levels across this period, increasing year on year by 12.5 per cent in April to June, 26.0 per cent in July to September and 5.8 per cent in October to December.
• Dry recycling decreased across the year, decreasing by 2.4 per cent compared to 2022.
• Separately collected food waste increased very slightly in 2023.

2.4 Waste from households: Recycling trends and recycling rates (Figures 4 and 5)

Quarterly trends over a longer time period from January to March 2019, are shown in Figures 4 and 5, which incorporate data for the latest available quarter, January to March 2024, as well.

Figure 4: Waste from households quarterly recycling volumes by waste type, England, Jan-Mar 2019 to Jan-Mar 2024, with 12 month moving averages (thousand tonnes)

Notes - Figure 4

Dry recycling includes paper and card, glass, plastic, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), scrap metals including those reclaimed from incinerator bottom ash as well as other materials.

Other organics includes green garden waste, mixed garden and food waste, wood for composting and other compostable waste.

Download the data for this chart

Figure 5 shows quarterly dry and organic recycling as a proportion of total waste from households and a smoothed 12-month rolling average for the overall recycling rate.

The smoothed 12-month rolling average waste from households recycling rate has ranged from 43.5 to 45.5 per cent over this time period.

Figure 5: Waste from households quarterly recycling rate, England, Jan-Mar 2019 to Jan-Mar 2024

Notes - Figure 5

Recycling is ’recycling, composting and anaerobic digestion, and preparing for reuse.

Download the data for this chart

2.5 Waste from households: Dry Recycling Composition (Figure 6 and Tables 2 and 3)

• Dry recycling including IBA metals decreased by 0.1 million to 5.4 million tonnes in 2023. It made up 25.0 per cent of total waste from households and 56.7 per cent of all waste from households recycling.
• Glass decreased by 65 thousand tonnes (-5.0 per cent) in 2023, Paper and Card by 65 thousand tonnes (-3.3 per cent), Textiles by 4 thousand tonnes (-3.7%), IBA Metal by 6 thousand tonnes (-2.8%), Metals by 5 thousand tonnes (-1.9%) and Other Materials by 2 thousand tonnes (0.3%).
• Plastic increased by 7 thousand tonnes (1.4%) and WEEE & Other Scrap Metals increased by 9 thousand tonnes (1.8%).

Table 2: Waste from households dry recycling composition in England, 2021 to 2023.

Recyclate	2021	2022	2023	Percentage change 2022 to 2023
Glass	1,413	1,293	1,228	-5.0%
Paper and card	2,156	1,960	1,894	-3.3%
Textiles	100	96	92	-3.7%
Plastic	522	492	499	1.4%
WEEE & other scrap metals	508	482	491	1.8%
IBA metal	228	222	216	-2.8%
Metals	268	240	235	-1.9%
Other materials	774	761	759	-0.3%
Total	5,969	5,546	5,414	-2.4%

Download the data for this table

Figure 6: Waste from households dry recycling composition, England, 2019 to 2023 (thousand tonnes)

Notes - Figure 6

Other materials includes batteries (both automotive and post-consumer), bric-a-brac, chipboard and MDF, composite food and beverage cartons, composite wood materials, fire extinguishers, furniture, ink and toner cartridges, mattresses, mineral oil, paint, tyres (car, large vehicle, van and mixed tyres), vegetable oil, video tapes, DVDs and CDs, wood, and other.

Download the data for this chart

The relative proportions of the materials that made up dry recycling in 2021, 2022, and 2023, are shown in Table 3

Table 3: Waste from households dry recycling composition by percentage proportion in England, 2021 to 2023.

Recyclate	2021	2022	2023	Percentage point change 2022 to 2023
Paper and card	36.1%	35.3%	35.0%	-0.3%
Glass	23.7%	23.3%	22.7%	-0.6%
Other materials	13.0%	13.7%	14.0%	0.3%
WEEE & other scrap metals	8.5%	8.7%	9.1%	0.4%
Plastic	8.7%	8.9%	9.2%	0.3%
Metals	4.5%	4.3%	4.3%	0.0%
IBA metal	3.8%	4.0%	4.0%	0.0%
Textiles	1.7%	1.7%	1.7%	0.0%
Total	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%

Download the data for this table

• Despite some variations in tonnages, the relative proportions of materials had not substantially changed up to 2020.
• Proportions changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 chiefly due to increased tonnages of glass, paper and card, and decreases in tonnages of WEEE & Other Scrap Metals, Metals, and Textiles.
• In 2023 tonnages of dry recycling decreased by 132 thousand tonnes (-2.4 per cent).
• Changes to the relative proportions of dry recyclates were mostly small, except for glass which decreased 0.6 percentage points. Paper and card decreased by 0.3 percentage points.
• Compared to 2022 the relative proportions of Other Materials, and Plastic increased by 0.3 percentage points in 2023, while WEEE & Other scrap metal increased by 0.4percentage points.
• The proportion of Metals, IBA Metals and Textiles did not change in 2023.

3. Waste from households – Financial Year Figures

• In 2023/24, the total weight of waste from households in England increased to 21.8 million tonnes up 2.3 per cent from 21.3 million tonnes in 2022/23.
• The amount of waste from households sent to recycling in 2023/24 increased to 9.6 million tonnes, up 3.9 per cent from 2022/23.
• The waste from households recycling rate was 44.0 per cent in 2023/24 an increase of 0.7 percentage points on the 2022/23 recycling rate, which was 43.3 per cent.
• Dry recycling was 5.4 million tonnes in 2023/24, decreasing by 1.6 per cent from 5.5 million in 2022/23. Organic recycling increased to 4.2 million tonnes in 2023/24 up 11.9 per cent from 3.7 million tonnes in 2022/23.
• The tonnage of residual waste in 2023/24 was 1.0 per cent higher than in 2022/23, up 0.1 million to 12.2 million tonnes. As a proportion of waste from households, it decreased by 0.7 percentage points to 55.9 per cent of the total.

4. Management of All Local Authority Collected Waste, 2023/24 (Table 4 and Figure 7)

Local authority collected waste consists of all waste from households, street sweepings, municipal parks and gardens waste, beach cleansing waste, and waste resulting from the clearance of fly-tipped materials plus some commercial and/or industrial waste. For further detail, see Annex 1 of “Local authority waste statistics – Recycling measures” on gov.uk.

As a result of changes in reporting through Q100, it is not appropriate when referring to the management of waste for landfill, incineration or recovery to compare the data for April 2015 onwards too closely to any of the previous annual data. In particular, Q100 allows for more extensive reporting of refuse derived fuel (RDF), incineration, and outputs from incineration.

• Total local authority managed waste in 2023/24 was 25.1 million tonnes, up by 0.5 million tonnes (2.1 per cent) from 2022/23.
• 5.5 per cent of all local authority collected waste was sent to landfill in 2023/24. This was a total of 1.4 million tonnes, 0.4 million tonnes lower (a decrease of 22 per cent) than in 2022/23.
• 85.4 per cent (1.2 million tonnes) of waste sent to landfill was sent direct in 2023/24. This is an increase from 2022/23, when 82.6 per cent of all local authority collected waste was sent direct to landfill.
• 50.2 per cent of all local authority waste was incinerated in 2023/24. This was a total of 12.6 million tonnes, and an increase of 0.5 million tonnes (4.4 per cent) from 2022/23.
• 68.1 per cent (8.6 million tonnes) of waste sent to incineration was sent direct in 2023/24. This proportion is lower than in 2022/23 when 70.4 per cent (8.5 million tonnes) of local authority collected waste was sent direct to incineration.
• The amount of local authority collected waste sent for recycling in 2023/24 was 10.4 million tonnes, up 0.4 million tonnes from 2022/23. Waste sent for recycling comprised 41.4 per cent of all local authority waste, an increase of 0.7 percentage points from 2022/23.
• Table 4 shows the tonnage of local authority collected waste sent to landfill, incineration, or recycling for the past five years. Figure 7 shows how local authority collected waste has been managed since 2000/01.

Table 4: Management of all local authority collected waste financial year figures, England, 2019/20 to 2023/24 (thousand tonnes) - Provisional figures

Waste disposal method	2019/20	2020/21	2021/22	2022/23	2023/24	2023/24 % change over 2022/23
Landfill	2,169	2,016	2,109	1,764	1,374	-22.1%
Recycled/composted of which:-	10,949	10,708	10,840	10,001	10,366	3.6%
— Household waste	10,085	10,080	10,056	9,237	9,594	3.9%
— Non household waste	864	627	784	732	734	0.2%
Total incineration of which:-	11,633	12,466	12,393	12,051	12,581	4.4%
— Incineration with EfW	11,448	12,342	12,294	11,963	12,496	4.5%
— Incineration without EfW1	185	124	99	88	86	-2.8%
Other	820	713	786	732	734	0.3%
Total local authority waste managed	25,572	25,903	26,128	24,548	25,055	2.1%
Recycled/composted waste as percentage of total	42.8%	41.3%	41.5%	40.7%	41.4%	0.7 percentage points

Notes - Table 4

Incineration with energy recovery/without energy recovery includes incineration bottom ash (IBA) and metals from IBA.

Recycling figures in this table do not include metals recovered from IBA.

Numbers may not add to exact totals. This is due to rounding.

Download the data for this table

Figure 7: Management of all local authority collected waste and recycling rates, England, 2000/01–2023/24

Notes - Figure 7

* Incineration with energy recover/without energy recovery includes incinerator bottom ash (IBA) and metals from IBA. This is consistent with the existing definition for household waste recycling so is not impacted by the change in waste from households recycling definition.

** Other includes waste treated/disposed of through other unspecified methods as well as process and moisture loss.

*** The Household waste recycling rate is based on a broader measure of waste and is not directly comparable to the waste from households recycling rate. For further information on definitions, refer to the glossary.

IBA metals are included within the waste from households recycling rate shown on this chart from April 2015/16 onwards but are not included in household waste recycling.

Download the data for this chart

5. England and the Regions Local Authority Collected Waste Destinations (Table 5 and Figure 8)

There are regional differences in the management of local authority collected waste, as shown in Table 5 and Figure 8.

Table 5: Management of all local authority collected waste, England by region, 2023/24 (thousand tonnes)

Region	Landfill (thousand tonnes)	Landfill (% of total)	Incineration (thousand tonnes)	Incineration (% of total)	Recycled/Composted (thousand tonnes)	Recycled/Composted (% of total)	Other (thousand tonnes)	Other (% of total)	Total (thousand tonnes)
East Midlands	128	5.6	1,117	48.8	986	43.1	56	2.5	2,287
Eastern	556	19.3	980	34.0	1,302	45.2	46	1.6	2,883
London	2	0.0	2,315	65.7	1,017	28.8	192	5.4	3,525
North East	79	6.3	754	59.8	401	31.8	27	2.1	1,261
North West	290	8.4	1,482	42.8	1,560	45.1	128	3.7	3,460
South East	85	2.1	2,005	50.0	1,827	45.5	95	2.4	4,012
South West	78	3.1	1,177	45.8	1,265	49.2	48	1.9	2,569
West Midlands	106	4.0	1,465	55.6	1,014	38.5	50	1.9	2,635
Yorkshire and the Humber	50	2.1	1,287	53.1	994	41.0	92	3.8	2,423
England	1,374	5.5	12,581	50.2	10,366	41.4	734	2.9	25,055

Notes - Table 5

Incineration includes incineration with energy recover/without energy recovery. This includes incinerator bottom ash (IBA) and metals from IBA.

Recycled/Composted refers to the proportion of all local authority collected waste sent for recycling/composting.

Other includes waste treated/disposed of through other unspecified methods as well as process and moisture loss.

Numbers may not add to exact totals. This is due to rounding.

Download the data for this table

• The South East managed the largest tonnage of local authority collected waste in 2023/24 at 4.0 million tonnes. This was 16.0 per cent of all local authority collected waste in England. The North East managed the smallest tonnage in 2023/24 at 1.3 million tonnes, or 5.0 per cent of the total for England.
• The Eastern region sent the largest proportion of their total local authority collected waste to landfill at 19.3 per cent (0.6 million tonnes). London sent the smallest proportion at just 0.04 per cent. At a national level, 5.5 per cent of all local authority collected waste in England was sent to landfill in 2023/24. This was 1.4 million tonnes.
• London sent the largest proportion of their total local authority collected waste to incineration in 2023/24 at 65.7 per cent (2.3 million tonnes). Eastern region sent the smallest proportion at 34.0 per cent (1.0 million tonnes). Overall, 50.2 per cent of all local authority collected waste in England was sent to incineration in 2023/24. This was 12.6 million tonnes.
• In England, 10.4 million tonnes (41.4 per cent) of local authority collected waste was sent for recycling in 2023/24. The region that sent the largest proportion of local authority collected waste to recycling was the South West, which sent 1.3 million tonnes (49.2 per cent). The region that sent the lowest proportion of waste to recycling was London, which sent 1.0 million tonnes (28.8 per cent).

Figure 8: Management of all local authority collected waste, England by region, 2023/24 (proportions of total local authority collected waste)

Notes - Figure 8

* Incineration includes incineration with energy recover/without energy recovery. This includes incinerator bottom ash (IBA) and metals from IBA.

** Recycling refers to the proportion of all local authority collected waste sent for recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion or reuse.

Download the data for this chart

6. Household Waste Recycling

6.1 Household Waste Recycling Rates for England and the Regions (Figure 9)

The ‘household waste’ (ex-NI 192) measure is a broader definition of waste than the ‘waste from households’ measure. It includes street bins, street sweepings, gully-emptying, parks and grounds waste, soil, and compost-like output, as well as separately collected healthcare waste and asbestos. It does not include IBA metals.

At a regional level, there is considerable variation across authorities, influenced by how heavily populated an area is, the kind of housing present, and the level of other organic or garden waste collected. As an example, in built-up areas with a higher proportion of flats, residents may find it difficult or be unwilling to store waste for recycling; and will not be producing garden waste for collection. This will reduce recycling rates for these authorities. Similarly, authorities with higher recycling rates are likely to be advantaged by good householder response to recycling schemes and a higher tonnage of organic or garden waste being collected.

Regional differences are illustrated in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Household waste recycling rates, England and regions, 2022/23 and 2023/24

Download the data for this chart

• The region with the highest household waste recycling rate in 2023/24 was the South West at 48.9 per cent. The North East had the lowest household waste recycling rate in 2023/24 at 31.4 per cent.
• All regions had increases in their recycling rates, except for London and the North West which were unchanged, and Yorkshire and the Humber which decreased by 0.5 percentage points. East Midlands region had the largest increase of 1.7 percentage points.

6.2 Household Waste Recycling Rates for Individual Local Authorities (Table 6)

A dataset of recycling rates for all local authorities in England can be found in Table 3 of the local authority collected waste generation dataset.

• At an individual local authority level, household waste recycling rates ranged from 15.8 per cent to 62.9 per cent in 2023/24. The overall average rate for England was 42.3 per cent, a 0.6 percentage point increase from 2022/23.
• Household waste recycling is often similar in adjacent authorities, though there is a wide range between the highest and lowest recycling rates in all regions of England and even within a region. Figure 1 in the datasets accompanying this statistical notice shows the geographic distribution of household waste recycling rates in 2023/24.
• Table 6 shows the authorities with the highest and lowest recycling rates in each region as well as the proportion of their total recycling that consists of organic waste. Generally, an authority in which a smaller proportion of their total recycling is accounted for by organic waste will have a lower recycling rate, though this is not always the case.

Table 6: Local authorities with the highest and lowest household recycling rates in each region in 2023/24

Region	Position	Authority	Recycling rate	Percent of total recycling that is organic
East Midlands	Lowest	Nottingham City Council	26.7%	40.5%
East Midlands	Highest	Rutland County Council	55.7%	49.9%
Eastern	Lowest	Luton Borough Council	27.7%	29.1%
Eastern	Highest	Three Rivers District Council	61.9%	52.4%
London	Lowest	Tower Hamlets LB	15.8%	8.3%
London	Highest	Bromley LB	50.9%	53.2%
North East	Lowest	Middlesbrough Borough Council	23.8%	52.1%
North East	Highest	County Durham	36.7%	30.6%
North West	Lowest	Liverpool City Council	19.2%	33.5%
North West	Highest	Stockport MBC	60.0%	61.8%
South East	Lowest	Dartford Borough Council	24.0%	24.9%
South East	Highest	South Oxfordshire District Council	62.9%	60.5%
South West	Lowest	Exeter City Council	29.1%	46.6%
South West	Highest	Dorset Council	60.5%	52.6%
West Midlands	Lowest	Birmingham City Council	22.7%	31.8%
West Midlands	Highest	Stratford-on-Avon District Council	61.0%	64.2%
Yorkshire and Humber	Lowest	Kirklees MBC	25.8%	44.7%
Yorkshire and Humber	Highest	East Riding of Yorkshire Council	60.2%	50.3%

Download the data for this table

• Across the different regions, the range (or difference) in recycling rate between the highest performing local authority and the lowest performing local authority varied between 12.9 and 40.8 percentage points.
• The region with the widest range in its recycling was the North West at 40.8 percentage points, followed by the South East at 38.9 percentage points. West Midlands had a range of 38.3 percentage points followed by London at 35.1 and Yorkshire and Humber at 34.4 percentage points. Eastern had a range of 34.2 percentage points followed by the South West at a range of 31.4 percentage points, then East Midlands at a range of 29.0 percentage points. The region with the smallest range in its recycling rates is the North East at 12.9 percentage points.
• Overall, in England a total of 10 authorities had household waste recycling rates of 60 per cent or higher, up from five in 2022/23. Seventy-one authorities had recycling rates greater than 50 per cent.
• South Oxfordshire had the highest household waste recycling rate in England in 2023/24 at 62.9 per cent. Organic waste made up 60.5 per cent of their total household recycling tonnage. Three Rivers District Council had the second highest recycling rate at 61.9 per cent and 52.4 per cent of their recycling was organics. Stratford-upon-Avon had the third highest recycling rate in England at 61.0 per cent with 64.2 per cent of their recycling tonnage being organic.
• Over the last 5 years, South Oxfordshire District Council had an average household recycling rate of 63.0 per cent. Other authorities with a 5 year average recycling rate of over 60 per cent are Three Rivers District Council (62.8 per cent), St Albans City and District Council (62.0 per cent), Vale of the White Horse District Council (61.9 per cent), East riding of Yorkshire Council (60.6 per cent), Surrey Heath Borough Council (60.3 per cent), and East Devon District Council (60.2 per cent).
• In 2023/24, Stratford-upon-Avon had the highest proportion of organic/green waste comprising 64.2 per cent of their total recycled household waste. Their overall household waste recycling rate was 61.0 per cent.
• Tower Hamlets had the lowest overall household waste recycling rate of 15.8 per cent and the lowest proportion of organic/green waste at 8.3 per cent.
• The second lowest household waste recycling rate was Liverpool City Council (19.2 per cent; 33.5 per cent organic), and the third lowest was the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea (22.2 per cent; 15.7 per cent organic).

6.3 Household Waste Recycling Rates Local authority performance by region (Tables 7 and 8)

Figure 2 in the datasets accompanying this statistical notice shows the geographic distribution of changes in the recycling rates in 2023/24.

Table 7 shows the number and proportion of authorities in each region showing an overall increase in their recycling rate for 2023/24 compared to 2022/23.

NOTE: – It is not straightforward to estimate historic recycling rates for the 2 new Cumbria Unitary Authorities (Cumberland Council and Westmorland and Furness Council) that were created in April 2023. For that reason these two authorities are excluded from the analysis shown in Table 7 and 8 below.

• In total 237 (74 per cent) of 319 local authorities showed an increase in their recycling rate in 2023/24. 82 authorities (26 per cent) showed a decrease.
• All regions had a greater number of increases in their recycling rates than decreases, except for the North East where there were equal numbers of authorities with increases and decreases.
• The highest proportion of increases were in the East Midlands and Eastern where 92 per cent of authorities had increases in their recycling rate and 8 per cent had a decrease, next were the West Midlands with 88 per cent of authorities with an increase and 12 per cent with a decrease. This was followed by the South East where 76 per cent of authorities had increases in their recycling rate and 24 per cent had decreases.

Table 7: Recycling rates- Number of local authorities in each region with an increase in 2023/24 shown by percentage point range

Region	Total number of authorities in region	Number of authorities with a percentage point increase of 0-1	Number of authorities with a percentage point increase of 1-5	Number of authorities with a percentage point increase of over 5	Total authorities with an increase	Percentage of authorities with an increase in their recycling rate
East Midlands	39	11	23	2	36	92%
Eastern	48	17	27	0	44	92%
London	37	11	12	0	23	62%
North East	12	4	2	0	6	50%
North West	36	11	8	0	19	53%
South East	70	28	24	1	53	76%
South West	29	12	7	0	19	66%
West Midlands	33	7	21	1	29	88%
Yorkshire and Humber	15	3	5	0	8	53%
Total	319	104	129	4	237	74%

Notes - Table 7

This table does not include Cumberland or Westmorland and Furness councils

Download the data for this table

• Table 7 shows that in England in 2023/24, 4 authorities had an increase of over 5 percentage points in their recycling rate, 129 (40 per cent) increased by between 1 and 5 percentage points and that 104 (33 per cent) authorities had an increase in their recycling rate of less than 1 percentage point.
• The authorities with an increase of over 5 percentage points in their recycling rate were Milton Keynes Council (South East region) which had a 12.1 percentage point increase to give a recycling rate of 60.2%, followed by North Warwickshire Borough Council (West Midlands, 10.8 percentage point increase to 47.8%), North Northamptonshire (East Midlands, 5.5 percentage point increase to 47.5%), and North East Derbyshire District (East Midlands, 5.1 percentage point increase to 46.1%).
• Eastern had 27 authorities (56) per cent of authorities in that region) with an increase of between 1 and 5 percentage points in their recycling rate. This was the most in any region. This was followed by the East Midlands with 23 authorities (59 per cent), South East with 24 authorities (34 per cent) and West Midlands with 21 authorities (64 per cent).
• The South East had the most (28) authorities with an increase of up to 1 percentage points (40 per cent of authorities in that region), followed by the Eastern with 17 authorities (35 per cent), South West with 12 authorities (41 per cent) and North West 11 authorities (31 per cent).

Table 8 shows the number and proportion of authorities in each region showing an overall decrease in their recycling rate for 2023/24 compared to 2022/23.

Table 8: Recycling rates - Number of local authorities in each region with a decrease in 2023/24 shown by percentage point range

Region	Total number of authorities in region	Number of authorities with a percentage point decrease of 0-1	Number of authorities with a percentage point decrease of 1-5	Number of authorities with a percentage point decrease of over 5	Total authorities with a decrease	Percentage of authorities with a decrease in their recycling rate
East Midlands	39	2	1	0	3	8%
Eastern	48	3	1	0	4	8%
London	37	5	8	1	14	38%
North East	12	5	1	0	6	50%
North West	36	8	9	0	17	47%
South East	70	10	7	0	17	24%
South West	29	5	5	0	10	34%
West Midlands	33	3	1	0	4	12%
Yorkshire and Humber	15	5	0	2	7	47%
Total	319	46	33	3	82	26%

Notes - Table 8

This table does not include Cumberland or Westmorland and Furness councils

Download the data for this table

• Table 8 shows that in England in 2023/24, 3 authorities (0.9 per cent of the total) had a decrease of over 5 percentage points in their recycling rate, 33 (10 per cent) decreased by between 1 and 5 percentage points and 46 (14 per cent) authorities had a decrease in their recycling rate of less than 1 percentage point.
• There were 3 local authorities with decreases in their recycling rate of over 5 percentage points. The Yorkshire and Humber had 2 authorities with a decrease of over 5 percentage points, while London had 1 authority in this group.
• The 3 authorities with the largest decreases were Bradford City MDC MBC (Yorkshire and Humber) with a decrease of 7.9 percentage points to give a recycling rate of 31.0%, Calderdale MBC (Yorkshire and Humber) a decrease of 5.8 percentage points to 41.0% and Brent LB (London) with a decrease of 5.2 percentage points to give a recycling rate of 28.2.
• There were 33 authorities with a decrease of between 1 and 5 percentage points. The regions with the most authorities in this group were the North West with 9 authorities (25 per cent of authorities in that region), London region had 8 authorities (22 per cent), South East region with 7 authorities (10 per cent), and the South West region had 5 authorities (17 per cent).
• There were 46 authorities with a decrease of up to 1 percentage points. The regions with the most authorities in this group were the South East Region with 10 authorities (14 per cent), North West region with 8 authorities (22 per cent), London region with 5 authorities (14 per cent), North East with 5 authorities (42 per cent), and Yorkshire and the Humber with 5 authorities (33 per cent).

7. Data and Methodology

Including information on data uses, feedback, revisions policy, methodology, glossary of terms and measures, and references. There is an accompanying methodology document for this release.

7.1 Data Uses

Data on waste management is used to monitor policy effectiveness and to support policy development. The underlying data held in WasteDataFlow is also used extensively by local and central government, the waste industry, and the public. Data is reported by all local authorities, often from management information supplied by their waste management contractor.

Factors affecting household waste recycling range from individual household behaviours, the advice and collection services provided by local authorities, the cost of waste treatment and disposal, and to some extent, wider issues such as the state of the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some quarterly waste data shows a clear seasonal fluctuation. For example, the generation of garden waste is highly seasonal, increasing sharply and pushing up recycling rates in the spring and summer months. For this reason, comparisons should be made with the same quarter in previous years or using full 12-month periods. However, it should be remembered that in 2020/21 changes between years are obscured by the effects COVID-19, particularly in the period from April to September.

Prior to 2020/21 about 87 per cent of all waste managed by local authorities is waste from households with the remainder coming from street cleaning, parks and grounds, business and construction. During 2020/21 this proportion rose to 90 per cent and was 88 per cent in 2021/22 and 2022/23. In 2023/24 this proportion remained at 88 per cent. Only a small proportion of the total waste from businesses and construction are covered in these statistics, with most being managed privately.

7.2 Feedback

We welcome feedback on the data from all users, including how and why the data is used. This helps us to understand the value of the statistics to external users. Please take a minute to complete this short survey (this opens in google forms). Alternatively you can email the Waste Statistics team at WasteStatistics/@defra.gov.uk

7.3 Revisions Policy

Defra will provide information about any significant revisions made to information published in this statistics release and the associated datasets. Revisions could occur for a variety of reasons, including backdating to reflect methodological improvements or the finalisation of data from third parties that was unavailable or provisional at the time of publishing. Occasionally, local authorities request revisions after this point where it is generally not possible to take the changes into account without risking the delay of publication.

These typically do not have a significant impact on the headline figures, particularly at an England level. The figures in this statistical release were extracted in February 2025 from data reported by local authorities during 2023 and 2024.

These figures contain an estimate for Bristol City Council whose reporting was incomplete at the time of production of these statistics. Estimates for Bristol are included within aggregated totals for England and the South West. The published figures for England and the South West are provisional.

7.4 Revisions to these statistics and accompanying datasets

There are no revisions to historic data.

7.5 Covid 19 - The impact of the pandemic on 2020/21 and 21/22

The 12 months from April 2020 to March 2021, were greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 2 national lockdowns and various levels of COVID-19 restrictions on working practices and individuals.

During the first national lockdown which commenced 23rd March 2020, some local authorities were unable to maintain collections of dry recyclates, there was suspension of garden waste collections and widespread closure of HWRC. This was due to staff shortages and the introduction of changes to working practices.

The national lockdown and rules for the operation of some commercial enterprises had a significant impact on the generation of waste during this period.

The period from April to June 2020 saw the biggest impact to waste collections and commercial waste as local authorities and businesses acclimatised to and became used to working under national lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Over the course of 2021/22 waste generation by household sources reduced from the high tonnages seen in 2020/21 but remained above the pre pandemic levels.

Refer to the publications for 2020/21 and 2021/22 for further detail and analysis.

7.6 Methodology

Data from this release comes from a snapshot of the WasteDataFlow database taken in February 2025. WasteDataFlow is a UK-wide system managed by Defra in collaboration with Devolved Administration partners that is used to record the collection, treatment and disposal of local authority waste. First results using this database were produced for 2004/05 with earlier estimates of waste available from the Municipal Waste Management Surveys.

The tonnage of waste ‘sent for reuse, recycling and composting’ is that which is accepted by the re-processor. As such, it excludes any recycling rejects that occur during collection, sorting or further treatment. Waste diverted for recycling from the residual (or ‘black bag waste’) stream by further processing is included in the recycling tonnages.

7.7 Inclusion of Incinerator Bottom Ash Metal (IBA Metal) in waste from households Recycling

In December 2017, a change in how metal recovered and recycled after incineration of waste (IBA metal) is treated and reported for the waste from households dataset only was introduced. The tonnage of IBA metal is now included within recycling rather than being reported as ‘recovery’. The amount varies depending on the amount of residual waste being incinerated and the metal content of the residual waste.

Inclusion of IBA metal has been facilitated through the new Q100 reporting structure for waste treatment, which all local authorities have been using since April 2015 (see below). This has provided the opportunity for more complete recording of waste treatment, including outputs from incineration. Therefore, estimates were produced for 2015, but it was not possible to backdate figures in a consistent manner prior to 2015 due to changes in the question structure and reporting that were introduced from April 2015 through Q100.

The majority of local authorities are reporting this information as fully as they are able to. This methodological change for IBA metal has been applied to the waste from households measure only. It has been applied to data from April 2015—it is not possible to apply the change to data before then as the question structure used to report waste treatment was different and, therefore, the reporting of IBA metal was not as consistent or as complete. At an overall England level, this change in methodology raised the recycling rate for 2016 by 0.7 percentage points (equivalent to 143 thousand tonnes). For 2015, the waste from households recycling rate was increased by 0.4 percentage points (equivalent to 97 thousand tonnes). This is a slight underestimate for the impact on 2015 as data for January to March 2015 was collected using the old question structure and, as such, did not fully-capture IBA metal for this quarter; estimated to be around 23 thousand tonnes. Overall, this change in methodology results in ‘waste from household’ recycling rates being slightly higher than where IBA metal would previously have been reported as ‘recovery’.

There are no such methodological changes to the dataset for all local authority waste or household waste recycling. There are no changes to the household (NI 192) household recycling figures that are reported for England, nor at a regional and individual local authority level where existing methodology and definitions have been retained.

7.8 Question Structure for Treatment and Disposal Questions (Q100)

“Question 100” (Q100) was introduced on a voluntary basis from April 2014, and used by all local authorities in England from April 2015. This question replaced a number of treatment questions.

Q100 provides a more flexible structure that has enabled local authorities to report a more complete and transparent representation of the more complex waste treatment practices that occur, which could not be accurately captured under the old question structure. It also provides the opportunity for local authorities to report, in more detail, the further treatment and disposal of certain waste types such as refuse-derived fuel (RDF), which would have previously been a final output. This is highly specific to the local authority and the facilities and practices used for treatment and disposal.

7.9 Data Quality Assurance

All local authorities provide data into WasteDataFlow. Several stages of data validation are carried out by the local authority submitting the data, the WasteDataFlow contractor and Defra.

The WasteDataFlow contractors check each return for completeness and data consistency against key standardised validation checks. Data is checked against appropriate threshold values specified, which take into account the expected level of variance. There is an online validation process that compares the data for the current quarter against the data for the equivalent quarter in the previous year. For 2020/21 validation check thresholds were adjusted to take account of the COVID-19 pandemic, this was to try and reduce the number of queries raised with local authorities, so that they were not overwhelmed by validation queries as tonnages of different waste streams changed dramatically due to suspended waste collections, increased waste arisings at the kerbside, and large reductions in C&I waste streams.

Once the data has been validated by the contractor, further validation checks are carried out by Defra, who may also refer some to the Environment Agency on any specific data queries raised, particularly related to the appropriate recording of treatment and facility sites. The Defra checks include trend and outlier analysis on key measures at an aggregate and individual local authority level. Details of the validation process carried out by the contractor are available on the WasteDataFlow website.

The introduction of Q100 provided scope for local authorities to report more fully on the treatment and final destination of waste. This is particularly the case for incineration of waste and subsequent outputs and their final treatment and disposal. Gathering such information can be challenging, especially where waste goes through multiple different sorting and treatment processes at different facilities. In most cases, local authorities are able to supply this information, but in some cases full final destination treatment is not given or is stated as ‘unknown’. This may have a small impact on the final figures. Defra will continue to monitor this and work with local authorities to enhance data quality assurance, consistency, and completeness of reporting.

7.10 England recycling target

The Waste (Circular Economy) (Amendment) Regulations 2020 require Waste Management Plans to include measures to be taken to ensure that the preparing for reuse and the recycling of municipal waste is a minimum of 65% by weight by 2035 and to ensure the amount of municipal waste landfilled is reduced to 10% or less of the total amount of municipal waste generated (by weight) by 2035.

8. Glossary of Terms and Measures

Waste from households

The waste from households measure was introduced to statistical publications by Defra in May 2014. It is used to construct a harmonised UK indicator for reporting recycling rates at a UK level on a calendar year basis, providing comparable calculations across each of the four UK countries. ‘Waste from households’ is a narrower version of the ‘household waste’ measure that was used previously. The difference is that waste from households excludes local authority collected waste types not considered to have come directly from households, such as street bins, street sweepings, parks and grounds waste, and compost-like output (CLO) from Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plants. As explained above under ‘Methodology’ and ‘Data Notes and Development’, we have introduced a change to the ‘waste from households’ recycling calculation to now include metal recovered after incineration (IBA metal). Further information on the calculations and differences between measures has been published on the gov.uk website and is summarised in the table below.

Recycling (including composting and reuse)	Waste from households recycling	Household waste recycling
from households and other premises similar to households, CA sites, Bring banks	Y	Y
from street bins	N	Y
from household-related parks and grounds	Community skips only	Y
from soil	N	Y
from rubble and plasterboard	N	N
from compost-like output from MBT plant	N	Y
from incineration bottom ash (IBA)	N	N
from metal recovered and recycled from incinerator bottom ash	Y/*	N
other, from residual streams	Y	Y
recycling rejects	N	N

Residual waste	Waste from households recycling	Household waste recycling
from regular household collection	Y	Y
from civic amenity sites	Y	Y
from bulky waste	Y	Y
from other household waste	Y	Y
from street cleaning/sweeping	N	Y
from gully emptying	N	Y
from separately collected healthcare waste	N	Y
from asbestos waste	N	Y

Notes

* Revised to include IBA metal in 2017 and applied to data from April 2015.

We have continued to report the household waste recycling measure in our annual publication on a financial year basis to maintain continuity with the existing data series and in order to meet the wider needs of users. However it is no longer reported in the quarterly releases on recycling, which will report the ‘waste from households’ measure only. Full data on household waste is available and can be downloaded on the gov.uk website.

The local authority recycling rate is based on the NI 192 National Indicator recycling calculation. The National Indicator calculation has been widely used by local authorities for many years for local strategic planning purposes, discussions with contractors and for benchmarking against other authorities and captures a broader scope of household waste than ‘waste from households’, e.g. it includes street sweepings and compost like output. This calculation will be made available as the NI 192 report on the WasteDataFlow portal and also on gov.uk website. This is reported on a financial year basis to meet the needs of local authorities.

9. Recycling rates across the United Kingdom

As detailed above the waste from households recycling rate provides a consistent measure across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland and allows reporting at UK level. However it should be noted that other National measures for Household recycling or recycling of all local authority collected waste differ across the devolved administrations. A document detailing these differences can be found here.

10. Useful links

Scottish Government Statistics

Welsh Government Statistics

Northern Ireland Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Statistics

Eurostat

WasteDataFlow Portal

11. What you need to know about this release

11.1 Contact details

/$CTA

Responsible statisticians: Alex Clothier

Email: WasteStatistics@defra.gov.uk Media enquiries: 0330 041 6560 (Defra Press Office)

/$CTA

11.2 Accredited official statistics publication

Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007. An explanation can be found on the Office for Statistics Regulation website.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

These accredited official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in October 2020 . They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled ’accredited official statistics.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards using the contact details above. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

Since the latest review by the Office for Statistics Regulation, we have continued to comply with the Code of Practice for Statistics, and have made the following improvements :

• Publication of a recycling explainer document, giving background to recycling, the different local authority measures published and how they compare across the UK.
• Improvements have been made to the layout of the waste statistics landing pages.
• User feedback on academic use of these statistics has been sought from Defra Waste & recycling working group.
• Feedback on this Statistical notice and datasets is being gathered by a linked google forms questionnaire.
• Publication of Official Statistics in Development on the carbon impact of ‘waste from households’ managed by local authorities in England.

Work on remaining points made by the OSR will continue in 2025.