Official Statistics

Obesity Profile: NCMP small area data short statistical commentary December 2020

Published 1 December 2020

Applies to England

1. New in this update

The December 2020 update of the Obesity Profile presents the 2019 to 2020 academic year National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) data for all current indicators and national, regional, upper and lower tier local authority, Middle Super Output Area (MSOA), electoral ward, and Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG).

This statistical commentary focuses on the data for sub-local authority geographies. The following indicators have been updated in the NCMP small area data domain showing data MSOAs, electoral wards and CCGs, together with local authority and England figures for comparison.

• Obese children Reception year (aged 4 to 5 years)
• Children with excess weight Reception year (aged 4 to 5 years)
• Obese children Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years)
• Children with excess weight Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years)

The small area data is presented by area of child residence using rolling 3-year combined NCMP data to show small area trends from 2008 to 2009 up to 2019 to 2020. This data will assist planning and delivery of services for children and the targeting of resources at a local level to help reduce the prevalence of excess weight and obesity.

2. Main findings

• there is variation in child obesity and excess weight prevalence at small area level throughout England
• obesity prevalence is highest among children living in the most deprived areas of England

3. Summary

This data publication provides trend data on the prevalence of excess weight (overweight including obesity) (from NCMP 2010 to 2011 up to 2019 to 2020) and obesity (from NCMP 2008 to 2009 up to 2019 to 2020). The data presented is based on area of child residence, for 2011 MSOAs, 2018 Electoral Wards, 2018 CCGs, 2020 local authorities and England. The data for 2019 Electoral Ward will be available in 2021 to synchronise with the update to the PHE Local Health tool .

To produce as robust an indicator as possible at small area level, the prevalence estimates use three years of NCMP data combined; the latest data is presented for 2017 to 2018 up to 2019 to 2020 combined. The comparator data provided at local authority and England level also uses three years of NCMP data combined.

School closures, in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic meant that in 2019 to 2020 the number of children measured was around 75% of previous years. Analysis by NHS Digital shows that national and regional level data is reliable and comparable to previous years. The data at local authority level and below is not as robust, as a result a small number of areas do not have published data for 2019 to 2020 and data for some areas have a reliability flag indicating that figures need to be interpreted with caution. Further information can be downloaded from the Obesity Profile and in the NHS Digital 2019 to 2020 annual report.

In the three-year grouped NCMP data for small areas we would expect around 33% of data from each contributing year. Values for areas where less than 20% of data is from 2019 to 2020 is flagged with an asterisk (*) and the following note ‘Data for 2019 to 2020 is underrepresented due to paused measurements in March 2020 - see metadata for details’. The percentage contribution of 2019 to 2020 data to the 3-year data for each geographic area can be downloaded from the Obesity Profile. The obesity, and excess weight prevalence indicators at small area level for 2017 to 2018 up to 2019 to 2020 are still considered to be reliable even with a small amount of data from 2019 to 2020.

4. Interpreting the data

Prevalence of child obesity and excess weight varies across England. Analysis of national and local authority data shows that children resident in the most deprived areas in England are at the highest risk of being overweight and obese.

In England 9.7% of children in Reception were obese in the combined 3-year period 2017 to 2018 up to 2019 to 2020, varying from 4.5% to 14.3% at lower tier local authority level. Among children in Year 6 in England 20.4% were obese in the same period, varying from 9.9% to 29.4% between lower tier local authorities. There is often considerable variation between neighbourhoods within each local authority.

This variation within local authorities can be examined using data for MSOAs and wards. The data published in the Obesity Profile will help to identify pockets of high child obesity and excess weight and enable changes in prevalence to be monitored over time. This may help to assist planning and delivery of services for children.

Figures 1 and 2 show examples of how the data can be examined to identify local patterns and trends in child obesity prevalence using the data at Ward level.

When interpreting this small area level data it is important to consider the 95% confidence intervals for the values as they show the level of uncertainty in the prevalence estimates and provide a range in which we can be 95% confident contains the true value.

In general, the greater the number of children measured within any analysis, the more reliable the resulting statistics (for example the England and local authority figures). Analysis based on small areas (such as MSOA and Ward level) may show more natural variation due to changes in the school year cohort, and therefore the prevalence figure may not always provide a reliable estimate of the true value in the population.

Figure 1 shows the prevalence of obesity among Year 6 children in Milton Keynes local authority by ward of child residence. Obesity prevalence varies between 9.5% up to 26.3% across all wards in Milton Keynes.

In Figure 1, Central Milton Keynes ward has the highest prevalence value in the local authority of 26.3% but the 95% confidence intervals range from 22.6% to 29.8%. We can be confident that Year 6 obesity prevalence in Central Milton Keynes ward is higher than the England and Milton Keynes LA values as their confidence intervals do not overlap with that for Central Milton Keynes ward.

When making comparisons with other wards however, we can only say with some certainty that prevalence in Central Milton Keynes ward is higher than the prevalence in eight wards with the lowest prevalence as in only these cases the confidence intervals do not overlap. For the other wards the confidence intervals do overlap so we cannot be confident that the prevalence in Central Milton Keynes ward is higher than the prevalence in any of these wards.

The bars on Figure 1 are shaded red (higher), amber (similar) and green (lower) to help compare the ward value to the England value.

Figure 1: Prevalence of obesity among Year 6 children (aged 10 to 11 years) in Milton Keynes local authority by ward of residence, NCMP 2016 to 2017 up to 2019 to 2020 with 95% confidence intervals

Figure 2 shows the trend in obesity prevalence among Year 6 children for Milton Keynes 004 as an example MSOA, compared with the local authority and England values. Obesity prevalence in this MSOA has been lower than the England value since 2014 to 2015 up to 2016 to 2017.

Figure 2: Trend in prevalence of obesity among Year 6 children (aged 10 to 11 years) for one MSOA in Milton Keynes local authority, NCMP 2008 to 2009 up to 2019 to 2020 with 95% upper and lower confidence intervals (UCI and LCI) around MSOA data (benchmark is England)

5. Background

Further information about this publication and the data used:

• the NCMP annually measures the height and weight of over one million children in England and provides robust data on rates of child obesity and excess weight
• detailed metadata is available in the definitions tab of the Obesity profile
• in the 2006 to 2007 NCMP, 57.7% of records had a valid child postcode of residence; in 2007 to 2008 this figure had risen to 95.1%; in the NCMP since 2008 to 2009, over 99% of child records have a valid postcode, providing large enough coverage to produce reliable estimates at small area level
• the NCMP data for Year 6 children from 2006 to 2007, 2007 to 2008, and 2008 to 2009 needs to be treated with caution as low participation levels in these years led to underestimation of obesity and excess weight prevalence
• children with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to the 95th centile of the British 1990 growth reference (UK90) BMI distribution have been classified as obese
• children with a BMI greater than or equal to the 85th centile of the British 1990 growth reference (UK90) BMI distribution have been classified as overweight including obese (excess weight)
• these indicators can also be examined in the Public Health England (PHE) Local Health tool - the latest data may not be available in Local Health due to different publication dates
• the statistics were produced using the national analysis dataset provided to Public Health England by NHS Digital

Responsible statistician, product lead: Caroline Hancock

For queries relating to this document, please contact: ncmp@phe.gov.uk