Official Statistics

Annual UK Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings statistics commentary

Updated 28 March 2025

About this release

This publication provides annual statistics on receipts and liable declarations for Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED) for the period up to 31 March 2024. These statistics cover the whole of the UK. Data is split by price band, region, local authority, and type of relief. For definitions, guidance and references see the published tables (spreadsheet) that accompany this document.

These statistics are non-accredited official statistics. They follow the professional standards in the Code of Practice for Statistics.

HMRC has identified an error affecting published statistics for ATED, impacting financial year 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023. This resulted in ATED statistics not including some paper returns for these years. This error was discovered during detailed analysis of publication data. Figures for the number of ATED liable properties and relief returns were underreported by around 4% per year. This error did not impact tax liabilities or payments received by HMRC. HMRC has now reviewed the methodology and updated figures in this publication.

Effective from financial year 2023 to 2024, HMRC has made improvements to the methodology to account for ATED late returns in published statistics. This has resulted in uplifts to the number of ATED returns. As such, HMRC has re-issued figures for all financial years to account for late ATED returns. This does not impact tax liabilities or payments received by HMRC.

Background about Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings

Introduced in April 2013 to combat avoidance of Stamp Duty Land Tax, the Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED) is a recurring annual charge on UK residential property held in a ‘corporate envelope’ (a company for example).

How does ATED apply

ATED is a tax charged on ‘non-natural persons’ (typically companies) that own an interest in one or more UK residential properties valued above a certain amount. An ATED return must be completed where:

The property is completely or partly owned by a non-natural person - that is, a company, a partnership where any of the partners is a company, or a ‘collective investment scheme’ (for example, a unit trust or an open-ended investment company); and is valued at more than:

• £2 million, for returns from April 2013 onwards

• £1 million, for returns from April 2015 onwards

• £500,000, for returns from April 2016 onwards

ATED liable properties are subject to fixed revaluation dates, every 5 years after 1 April 2012, which apply regardless of when the property was acquired.

The annual ATED charge is based on the value of the property at the fixed 5 yearly revaluation date, or the price at acquisition, if that was more recent. For the 5 financial year chargeable periods up to 2017 to 2018, the valuation date was 1 April 2012. For the 5 financial year chargeable periods up to 2022 to 2023 the valuation date was 1 April 2017. The valuation date for the 2023 to 2024 chargeable period is 1 April 2022.

Main summary

The headline findings in this annual report are:

• total ATED receipts in the 2023 to 2024 financial year were £132 million, increasing by 6% (£8 million) compared to the previous year

• The number of liable ATED declarations remained steady at 5,170 in the 2023 to 2024 financial year, compared to 5,160 in the previous year

• ATED total receipts have risen again in 2023 to 2024. ATED total receipts have now risen for 3 consecutive financial years

• the majority of ATED receipts are from London (83%) (excluding data with missing geographic information), decreasing by 2 percentage points when compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

• the local authority with the greatest share of ATED receipts in financial year 2023 to 2024 remains Westminster (47%), followed by Kensington and Chelsea (23%)

• the number of relief declarations made in financial year 2023 to 2024 was 28,510, increasing by 11% when compared to 2022 to 2023

• ATED relief declarations have increased every year since its introduction

• all types of relief declarations increased in financial year 2023 to 2024 compared to financial year 2022 to 2023, with the most notable rise being a 13% increase for rental relief (accounting for 82% of all relief claims)

Estimated ATED receipts by band

Figure 1 below shows ATED receipts by property value band between financial year 2019 to 2020 and financial year 2023 to 2024. Liable declarations include those which were liable for only part of the year, for example, when a property is sold.

Declaration numbers relate to the number of liable properties in the particular financial year, but receipts figures relate to the value of payments received in the financial year, rather than liabilities for the financial year.

Figure 1 shows that receipts for all price bands have increased compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year. This follows on from increases in the 2021 to 2022 financial year, which had followed consecutive periods of falls across all valuation bands between financial year 2015 to 2016 and financial year 2020 to 2021.

Figure 1: ATED receipts by price band

The main findings for estimated ATED receipts by band are:

• total ATED receipts in the 2023 to 2024 financial year were £132 million, increasing by 6% (£8 million) compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

• total ATED receipts in the financial year 2023 to 2024 increased across all price bands compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

Figure 2 below shows total receipts since ATED was introduced in financial year 2013 to 2014. The figure shows that total ATED receipts peaked in the 2015 to 2016 financial year at £178 million. Total receipts then fell year on year until financial year 2020 to 2021 to £111 million. Total receipts again rose between 2020 to 2021 and the latest financial year, 2023 to 2024, to £132 million.

Figure 2: ATED total receipts

Estimated ATED liable declarations by band

Figure 3 below shows the number of ATED liable declarations by property value band between financial year 2019 to 2020 and financial year 2023 to 2024.

Figure 3: ATED liable declarations by price band

The points below illustrate a breakdown of ATED liable declarations by price band:

• the number of liable returns fall or remain unchanged across all price bands for consecutive years since the 2019 to 2020 financial year, with the exception of the £500,000 to £1 million and £1 million to £2 million price bands which saw an increase in financial year 2023 to 2024 compared to 2022 to 2023

• the profile of liable declarations across all price bands remained consistent across all years

ATED receipts in the UK by countries and, within England, regions

Figure 4 shows the country and, within England, regional breakdown of receipts by percentage for five financial years from the 2019 to 2020 financial year up to the 2023 to 2024 financial year. The geographical breakdown of receipts in the 2023 to 2024 financial year closely mirrors the breakdown in previous years. Though London remains the region with the largest percentage share of total ATED receipts, its percentage share had fallen since the 2019 to 2020 financial year.

Figure 4: ATED Receipts by region

The following points below illustrate a breakdown of total ATED receipts by country and, within England, region:

• receipts from ATED declarations for properties in London accounted for 83% of all receipts in the 2023 to 2024 financial year, decreasing by 2 percentage points

• overall, the country and regional breakdown appears broadly stable when compared to previous years, with the South East at 10% of all receipts, the East of England at 2%, the South West at 2%, Scotland at 1% and the combined rest of the UK at 1%

ATED receipts by local authority

Figure 5 shows the local authority geographical breakdown of receipts by percentage for five financial years from the 2019 to 2020 financial year up to the 2023 to 2024 financial year.

It is not possible to provide a comprehensive breakdown of receipts for all local authorities in the UK as this would breach HMRC’s policy on disclosure and taxpayer confidentiality.

Figure 5: ATED receipts by local authority

The points below illustrate the geographical breakdown by local authority:

• ATED receipts continued to be highest within the London Borough of Westminster, accounting for 47% of ATED receipts in the 2023 to 2024 financial year, decreasing by 1 percentage points when compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

• a further 23% of receipts came from declarations in the London local authority of Kensington and Chelsea, remaining unchanged compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

ATED relief declarations by type

There are a number of reliefs available which may reduce a non-natural person’s ATED liability to nil.

It is not possible to provide a full breakdown of relief type claims as this would breach HMRC’s policy on disclosure and taxpayer confidentiality.

Figure 6 shows the number of ATED relief declarations for five financial years from the 2019 to 2020 financial year up to the 2023 to 2024 financial year. Total relief claims have risen each year since the introduction of ATED.

Figure 6: ATED relief declarations by type

The main findings are:

• there was a total of 28,510 relief declarations in the 2023 to 2024 financial year, increasing by 11% compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

• all types of relief declarations increased in financial year 2023 to 2024 compared to financial year 2022 to 2023, with the most notable rise being a 13% increase for rental relief (accounting for 82% of all relief claims)

• the next highest share of relief claims was the developer relief accounting for 11% of total claims, with the number of claims increasing by 2% when compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

• the ‘other’ relief categories account for 7% of total claims, with the number of claims increasing by 7% when compared to the 2022 to 2023 financial year

Contact information

Email stamptaxes.statistics@hmrc.gov.uk.

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