Importing animal furs and skins - export of fish
The prohibitions and restrictions on the import of animal furs and skins into the UK and the export of salmon and trout.
Introduction
The fur and skin of endangered animals or fish, or goods made from them, such as jewellery, shoes, bags and belts are banned for trade import into the UK unless you have a valid permit. The furs of animals caught in leg-hold traps are also prohibited for import into the UK unless accompanied by either certification that confirms origination in an approved-source country, or a valid import or export permit issued for endangered species which may also be accepted as certification.
Commercial imports of baby harp seal and hooded seal skins are prohibited. There is also a ban on the placing on the market of any type of product made from seals and other pinnipeds - such as sea-lions and walruses (with limited exceptions - see below). Imports and exports of cat and dog fur - as well as any products made from such fur - are also banned.
This guide gives detailed information about the prohibitions and restrictions concerning the import of animal furs and skins into the UK and the export of salmon and trout. It will also explain what documentation is needed if such products are to be allowed to pass through UK customs.
The roles of government departments in regulating animal fur and skins imports and salmon and trout exports
Several UK government departments work to make sure that animal fur and animal skins are imported and salmon and trout are exported legally.
UK Border Agency (UKBA)
UKBA aims to make sure all imports of furs and fur skin products are imported legally.
Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (Defra)
Defra has policy responsibility for controls on furs and fur and skin products and for policy implementation.
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Northern Ireland (DARDNI)
DARDNI has policy responsibility for controls on furs and fur and skin products and for policy implementation in Northern Ireland.
Import controls on furs and products from animals caught in leg-hold traps
Council Regulation (EEC) No 3254/91 prohibits the importation of furs and fur products from some wild animal species originating in countries where they are caught by leg-hold traps or trapping methods that do not meet international standards of humane trapping.
The control covers 13 species of fur-bearing animals and applies to their raw fur and products made from it. It does not apply to animals born and bred in captivity. The controlled species are:
EU animal fur prohibitions
| Common name | Latin name |
|---|---|
| Badger | Taxidea taxus |
| Beaver | Castor canadensis |
| Bobcat | Felis rufus or Lynx rufus |
| Coyote | Canis latrans |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea |
| Fisher | Martes pennanti |
| Lynx | Lynx canadensis |
| Marten | Martes americana |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethecus |
| Raccoon | Procyon lotor |
| Otter | Lutra canadensis or Lontra canadensis |
| Sable | Martes zibellina |
| Wolf | Canis lupus |
Strict rules are in also place in the UK and EU to make sure that animals kept for fur production are kept, trapped and slaughtered humanely. Special recommendations cover requirements for mink, ferret, foxes and chinchilla, amongst others.
Commodity codes for controlled furs
All controlled furs and fur products are assigned a commodity code, which should be quoted to HM Revenue & Customs when importing and exporting:
Controlled fur products commodity codes
| Commodity code | Product of species |
|---|---|
| 4103 9000 | Raw hides and skins |
| 4301 4000 | Raw beaver skins |
| 4301 5000 | Raw musk rat skins |
| 4301 8050 | Raw skins of wild felines |
| 4301 8090 | Other raw fur skins |
| 4301 9000 | Raw heads, tails, paws and other pieces or cuttings |
| 4302 1910 | Tanned or dressed beaver skins, not assembled |
| 4302 1920 | Tanned or dressed musk rat skins, not assembled |
| 4302 1970 | Tanned or dressed skins of wild felines, not assembled |
| 4302 1995 | Other tanned or dressed skins, not assembled |
| 4302 2000 | Tanned or dressed heads, tails, paws and other pieces or cuttings, not assembled |
| 4302 3010 | ‘Dropped’ fur skins |
| 4302 3035 | Tanned or dressed beaver skins and pieces or cuttings thereof, assembled |
| 4302 3041 | Tanned or dressed muskrat skins and pieces or cuttings thereof, assembled |
| 4302 3071 | Tanned or dressed skins of wild felines and pieces or cuttings thereof, assembled |
| 4302 3075 | Other tanned or dressed skins and pieces and cuttings thereof, assembled |
| 4303 1090 | Articles of apparel and clothing accessories of fur skin |
| 4303 9000 | Other articles of fur skin |
Animal fur goods that are exempt from UK import controls
Categories of goods excluded from the controls include:
- finished goods for personal and private use only
- finished goods covered by a procedure for temporary admission and not for sale in the UK or EU but intended for re-export
- pelts and goods manufactured in the UK or EU and being reintroduced into the UK or EU following a processing procedure - proof must be given that they were processed from pelts or goods previously exported from the UK or EU
Controlled animal furs may be allowed to transit through the UK without import controls, provided they are destined for another country.
Countries from which furs and fur products can be imported legally
Controlled species can only be imported legally from certain countries:
Permitted animal fur imports by country
| Approved country of origin | Species that may be imported | Latin name |
|---|---|---|
| Belize | Raccoon | Procyon lotor |
| Bulgaria | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Canada | Coyote | Canis latrans |
| Wolf | Canis lupus | |
| Beaver | Castor canadensis | |
| Bobcat | Felis rufus (also called Lynx rufus | |
| Otter | Lutra canadensis (also called Lontra canadensis) | |
| Lynx | Lynx canadensis | |
| Marten | Martes americana | |
| Fisher | Martes pennanti | |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Raccoon | Procyon lotor | |
| Badger | Taxidea taxus | |
| Czech Republic | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| El Salvador | Raccoon | Procyon lotor |
| Greenland | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Hungary | Ermine | Mustela erminea |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Jordan | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Lebanon | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Mexico | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Coyote | Canis latrans | |
| Beaver | Castor canadensis | |
| Bobcat | Felis rufus (also called Lynx rufus) | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Raccoon | Procyon lotor | |
| Badger | Taxidea taxus | |
| Moldova | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Nicaragua | Raccoon | Procyon lotor |
| Norway | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Pakistan | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Panama | Raccoon | Procyon lotor |
| People’s Republic of China | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Sable | Martes zibellina | |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Poland | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Sable | Martes zibellina | |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Republic of Korea | Sable | Martes zibellina |
| Wolf | Canis lupus | |
| Republic of Slovenia | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Romania | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Russian Federation | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Sable | Martes zibellina | |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Raccoon | Procyon lotor | |
| Slovak Republic | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| Sable | Martes zibellina | |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Turkey | Wolf | Canis lupus |
| USA | Coyote | Canis latrans |
| Wolf | Canis lupus | |
| Beaver | Castor canadensis | |
| Bobcat | Felis rufus (also called Lynx rufus) | |
| Otter | Lutra canadensis (also called Lontra canadensis) | |
| Lynx | Lynx canadensis | |
| Marten | Martes americana | |
| Fisher | Martes pennanti | |
| Ermine | Mustela erminea | |
| Musk rat | Ondatra zibethicus | |
| Raccoon | Procyon lotor | |
| Badger | Taxidea taxus |
Although it isn’t an approved country of origin, Costa Rica is permitted to issue re-export certification for furs from the listed species that have originated in one of the approved countries.
Certification from Costa Rica must clearly identify both the approved-source country and the species of animal from which the furs originated.
Directive 98/58/EC is in place in the UK and the EU to make sure that animals bred for their fur are treated humanely. The rules include housing, freedom of movement, feeding and watering requirements, and staff qualifications. Directive 93/119/EC seeks to minimize the pain and suffering of animals during slaughter through the use of proper, approved stunning and killing methods. Furs without acceptable certification should be detained.
Skin, fur and other animal products which may not be commercially imported
Some skin and fur products may never be legally imported into the UK for commercial use.
Skins from harp and hooded seal pups
Commercial imports of baby harp seal and hooded seal skins - and items made from such skins - are prohibited.
Under EU regulations, the placing on the market of all seal products is banned with limited exceptions. ‘Seal products’ means all products, either processed or unprocessed, deriving or obtained from seals, including meat, oil, blubber, organs, raw fur skins and fur skins, tanned or dressed, including fur skins assembled in plates, crosses and similar forms, and articles made from fur skins. The ban also applies to imports that are declared for free circulation in the UK and EU and intra-community trade.
You are also not permitted to trade in new products manufactured from existing stock of seal skin. Trade (including hire) in seal products first placed on the market before 20 August 2010 is not affected.
The EU regulations prohibit placing on the market products from seals and other pinnipeds (sea lions and walruses for example) unless:
- they result from traditional hunts conducted by Inuit and other indigenous communities that contribute to their subsistence - that are not conducted primarily for commercial purposes and are conducted in a manner which has due regard to animal welfare
- are for personal use of travellers and their families and are of a non-commercial quantity
Where a consignment of seal products is being imported for release to free circulation and the Inuit exemption applies, a seal catch attestation certificate is required to accompany the goods. The attestation certificate should be endorsed by the relevant certifying authorities in the country of origin.
For more information, see EU ban on the import and placing on the market of seal products (CIP1).
Cat and dog fur and products containing such fur
Commission Regulation 1523/2207 bans the import, export and placing on the market of cat and dog fur, as well as products made from such sources.
The prohibition covers:
- Felis silvestris (cat)
- Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
Exporting fresh, frozen and smoked salmon and trout
All fresh, frozen and smoked salmon and fresh and frozen trout caught in Great Britain must be pre-entered at export on the Single Administrative Document (SAD) Form C88, which must include a declaration of legal capture by the exporter.
In England and Wales, the Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1975 forbids export of salmon or trout which are ‘unclean’, for example, they have recently spawned and not yet recovered from spawning - or those caught outside the commercial fishing season.
In Scotland, section 22 of the Salmon Fisheries (Scotland) Act 1868 provides that salmon caught between 15 September and 4 February, except for those reared on fish farms, may not be exported.
Section 2(1) of the Trout (Scotland) Act 1933 forbids the export of trout measuring less than 8 inches long or any trout caught outside the commercial fishing season.
Any person presenting prohibited salmon or trout for export is subject to penalties or summary conviction.
There are no legal prohibitions on exporting salmon or trout from Northern Ireland.
Updates to this page
Published 8 August 2012Last updated 5 April 2018 + show all updates
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Amended to take into account changes to the EU seal products regime.
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First published.