Common approval principles

Criteria that all qualifications need to meet to be approved for funding.

Before we can fund a qualification, it must meet:

  • our common approval principles
  • any specific principles that apply to it
  • any principles and exemptions relating to the current moratorium on approving new qualifications for funding post-16, where appropriate

This section tells you the common approval principles that apply to all qualifications we consider for funding in the following offers:

  • 14 to 16
  • 16 to 19
  • statutory level 2 and level 3 entitlements for adults aged 19 to 23
  • statutory adult English and maths entitlements
  • statutory adult digital entitlement
  • qualifications in the ESFA funded AEB local flexibility offer
  • advanced learner loans
  • level 3 free courses for jobs

1. The qualification is regulated

The awarding organisation offering the qualification must be recognised by Ofqual. The qualification must be included in Ofqual’s register of regulated qualifications.

For Access to Higher Education diplomas, the access validating agency offering the qualification must be regulated by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA).

The qualification must be included in QAA’s database of available Access to HE diplomas.

2. The qualification is available in England and available for funding

The qualification must be listed on Ofqual’s register of regulated qualifications as both:

  • available to students in England
  • available for funding in England

3. It is not a higher education qualification

The qualification must not be part of higher education. It must not be:

  • a degree
  • a foundation degree
  • any other undergraduate qualification currently funded through the higher education student finance system (HESF), including:
    • Higher National Certificate (level 4)
    • Certificate of Higher Education (Cert HE) (level 4)
    • Higher National Diploma (level 5)
    • Diploma of Higher Education (Dip HE) (level 5)

4. It is not an end-point assessment qualification for an apprenticeship

The qualification must not be designed as the end-point assessment of an apprenticeship.

Students cannot study the qualification outside the apprenticeship if the end-point assessment of an apprenticeship is:

  • designed as a qualification
  • subject to external quality assurance from Ofqual, or in the process of transferring to it

We will not approve an end-point assessment qualification for funding as a standalone qualification in any of our offers.

5. The qualification is not restricted

The qualification must not be restricted to being delivered either:

  • by only one provider of education and training
  • to employees of only one employer

We approve qualifications for funding on a national scale in England across a range of providers.

6. The qualification is suitable for the student age groups

The qualification must be suitable for the age groups you have indicated in Ofqual’s Register of Regulated Qualifications:

  • pre-16
  • 16-18
  • 18+
  • 19+

We will use this information to consider how suitable the qualification is for those age groups.

The following table tells you how we decide if a qualification is suitable to be approved for funding in the 14 to 16 and 16 to 19 offers.

Approval principle 14 to 16 offer 16 to 19 offer
Supports broadening and developmental opportunities Any qualification must access a broad range of knowledge and skills.

It must either focus on a particular sector or subject (but not a specific job role), or support understanding of the world of work
Any qualification must offer complementary, broadening, or developmental opportunities at any level, or lead to sustainable employment with a range of employers within a particular sector
Suitability for age category Any qualification approved must be suitable for students aged 14 to 16, considering their maturity, wellbeing, and any health and safety requirements Any qualification approved must be suitable for students aged 16 to 19, mainly because of health and safety requirements.

We may only approve a qualification for students aged 18 and above, if there are health and safety or legal requirements that mean the qualification is only appropriate for students aged 18 and above
Legality Any qualification approved must not contain any activity that is unlawful for the age group Any qualification approved must not contain any activity that is unlawful for the age group

All our other funded offers are for students aged 19 and over. We will approve qualifications for funding in these offers if their purpose and outcomes are suitable for the types of students that we specify for each offer.

7. The qualification is at the correct level

The qualification must be at the appropriate level for the qualification offer. Each offer has its own qualification level approval principles, summarised in the table.

Qualification level 14 to 16 16 to 19 English and maths entitlement Digital entitlement Level 2 or level 3 entitlement ESFA funded AEB local flexibility Level 3 free courses for jobs Advanced learner loans
Entry level Yes Yes Yes Yes[footnote 1] - Yes - -
Level 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes - Yes - -
Level 1 or 2 Yes Yes Yes - Yes Yes - -
Level 2 Yes Yes Yes - Yes Yes - -
Level 3 Yes[footnote 2] Yes - - Yes - Yes Yes
Level 6 - Yes[footnote 3] - - - - - Yes

8. The qualification is in an appropriate sector subject area

The qualification must have an appropriate sector subject area (SSA) classification, based on its content. We will check that the way you classify a qualification is reasonable. We will also check that the qualification’s content and SSA classification match proportionately.

9. If the qualification replaces an existing qualification already approved for funding

Qualifications may be updated versions of existing qualifications already in the offer. We may approve these for any of the offers covered by this guidance, including as moratorium type 4 exemptions.

In these cases, we will apply a funding approval end date in all relevant funded qualification offers for the existing qualification 2 months after we publish details of the new qualification, unless:

  • you have set an earlier operational end date in Ofqual’s register for the existing qualification
  • the new qualification has an operational start date that is more than 2 months in the future when we consider it for funding approval

10. The qualification is not an ESOL International qualification

We do not approve ESOL International qualifications in any of our funded offers.

11. The qualification is not similar to a qualification that has already had funding approval removed, or will have funding approval removed

We will not approve a new qualification for funding in any offer if it has the same or similar content as either:

  • a qualification that already has funding approval removed from that offer
  • a qualification that we have said is in scope to have its funding approval removed in an offer, where we have announced and published this

This will continue to apply during the focused review. It will still apply to qualifications that were in scope to have funding approval removed, which have since had their funding approval extended.

We will update this section of the manual if we need to.

12. It is not a qualification for the initial training of further education teachers

The qualification must not be for the initial training of further education teachers at level 5 or above. This includes, but is not limited to:

For further advice contact FE.ITE@education.gov.uk.

  1. Entry 3 only. 

  2. We only approve qualifications at level 3 for funding for pre-16 students where they meet the approval principle of being suitable for the pre-16 age group

  3. In the 16 to 19 offer, we will only approve qualifications at level 6 for students aged 18 and over.