Guidance

Uruguay: migrant health guide

Advice and guidance on the health needs of migrant patients from Uruguay for healthcare practitioners.

From:
Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
Published
31 July 2014
Last updated
12 April 2023 — See all updates

Main messages

If the patient is new to the UK:

Due to an intermediate prevalence, consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly among those who have recently arrived.

There is a risk of typhoid infection.

Be alert for possible cases of Chagas disease, and refer as appropriate, because there is a risk of chronic Chagas disease in migrants.

Consider nutritional and metabolic concerns.

Infectious diseases

Immunisation

Ensure that all patients, especially children, are up to date with the UK immunisation schedule. See Immunisation collection with complete schedules.

Tuberculosis

There is a low incidence of TB (less than 40 cases per 100,000), so:

  • routine screening for TB is not required
  • consider testing in patients (including children) who show signs and symptoms
  • be aware that TB is a notifiable disease

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV

Take a sexual history, and:

  • test all sexually active patients under the age of 25 for chlamydia
  • screen for STIs and HIV according to risk as specified in the UK national standards and guidelines

There is a low rate of HIV (less than or equal to 1%), so offer and recommend an HIV test if the patient:

  • falls into a high risk group
  • is newly registering in a high prevalence area

Hepatitis B

There is an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B, so:

  • consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly those who have recently arrived
  • offer screening for hepatitis B to all pregnant women during each pregnancy
  • immunise appropriately babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive, and follow up accordingly
  • be aware that the UK has a a universal infant immunisation programme for hepatitis B and a selective immunisation programme for higher risk groups

Hepatitis C

The prevalence of hepatitis C is higher than the UK, so consider screening for hepatitis C if other risk factors apply.

Typhoid

There is a risk of typhoid infection, so:

  • ensure that travellers are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fever
  • remember enteric fever in the differential diagnosis of illness in patients with a recent history of travel to or from this country

Chagas

There is a risk of chronic Chagas disease in migrants, so:

  • be alert for possible cases
  • refer as appropriate

Travel plans and advice

Ask opportunistically about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin. People who travel to visit friends and relatives (VFR travellers) should visit the Foreign and Commonwealth Office for overseas travel advice and National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) for country specific travel advice prior to leaving the UK.

Women’s health

Reproductive health indicators in the UK and Uruguay

Reproductive health indicator UK Uruguay
Number of children per woman [lifetime average] 1.6 2.0
Use of contraception [by woman of reproductive age or partner] 71.7% 79.6%

Nutritional and metabolic concerns

Anaemia

There is a moderate risk of anaemia in adults (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women is 20 to 40%) and pre-school children (estimated prevalence is 20 to 40%), so:

  • be alert to the possibility of anaemia in recently arrived migrants, particularly women and pre-school children
  • test as clinically indicated

Vitamin D

Consider the possibility of vitamin D deficiency in people who may be at risk due to:

  • darker skin
  • not spending much time outdoors
  • covering up most of their skin when outdoors

Country profile

Health indicators and health care

WHO Global Health Observatory has a summary of health indicators and health care in Uruguay.

Culture, politics and history

BBC News and The World Factbook provide background information on the culture, politics and history of Uruguay.

Languages

The main languages used in Uruguay are:

  • Spanish (official)

Source: The World Factbook

Religions

Religion Population (%) (2014 estimates)
Roman Catholic 42
Protestant 15
Agnostic 3
Atheist 10
Unspecified 24
Other 6

Source: The World Factbook

Migration to the UK

There were over 1900 people from Uruguay living in England and Wales at the time of the Census 2021.

Updates to this page

Published 31 July 2014
Last updated 12 April 2023 + show all updates

  1. Updated the Hepatitis B prevalence level, vitamin D deficiency risk groups, anaemia risk level, languages, proportions of the population with different religions and migration to UK statistics.

  2. First published.

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