ERSM70010 - Securities acquired for less than market value: overview
General earnings charge takes priority
It is important to remember that where shares or other securities are acquired by reason of employment for less than their market value, then there will normally be a general earnings charge on the money’s worth of those securities, less anything paid for them. See ERSM20500 for guidance on the money’s worth charge.
In certain circumstances the acquisition of securities for less than their market value may not be caught, or fully caught, by the money’s worth charge.
- The acquisition of securities may not be “earnings”- for example, if the acquisition involves an obligation to pay for the securities at a later date the employee may be regarded as having given consideration for the securities, in the form of the obligation. The charge will be under Chapter 3C.
- Normally the money’s worth and the market value per TCGA92/S272 are the same, but where they differ any additional value over and above the money’s worth value is chargeable under Chapter 3C.
However a money’s worth charge takes priority over one under Chapter 3C, see ERSM70030
History
This legislation was first introduced in 1976 to tackle avoidance using partly-paid shares (shares where not all the subscription price is paid and the shareholder remains liable to pay up the balance - the call). It was quickly noticed that it also taxed options exercised by employees who were not ordinarily resident (old Case II of Schedule E) and were therefore not within the options legislation (now at Chapter 5 - see ERSM110010).
The provisions were incorporated in ICTA88/S162 and were rewritten as Chapter 8 of Part 3 ITEPA 2003 as from 6 April 2003. From the 16 April 2003 Schedule 22 FA 2003 amended the provisions and they moved to Part 7 ITEPA as Chapter 3C, although the annual charge remains within Part 3 at ITEPA03/S173 et seq.
Pre-16 April 2003 acquisitions of securities
Any security within the charge, but acquired pre-16 April 2003 is grandfathered in that the old legislation continues to apply to it - see ERSM71000.
Finance Act 2014 changes
Changes were made with effect from 17 July 2014 to rationalise the operation of the provisions of Chapter 3C. These are discussed in particular at ERSM70120 and ERSM70140.
What is taxed?
Where the employee pays less than the actual market value of the securities or has an outstanding obligation to make further payments (calls), the taxable amount is the difference between:
- what is paid by the employee, and
- the actual market value of the securities assuming any future obligations to pay by way of loan or call have already been fulfilled.
See ERSM70020.
Exceptions
There are some significant exceptions - see ERSM70030.
How is it charged?
The charging mechanism mirrors that for beneficial loans (see ERSM70110). The undervalue or unpaid call is treated as a notional loan on which there is:
- an annual charge under the beneficial loans legislation (see ERSM70130), and
- up to 16 July 2014 a final charge on sale of the securities or release of liability (see ERSM70140), and
- from 17 July 2014 a final charge on release of liability (or on sale, but only if there was no liability to make further payments at the time of the acquisition). See ERSM70140