Tafenoquine plus chloroquine for the treatment and relapse prevention of Plasmodium vivax malaria (DETECTIVE): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 2b dose-selection study
Abstract
Background Clinical effectiveness of previous regimens to treat Plasmodium vivax infection have been hampered by compliance. We aimed to assess the dose—response, safety, and tolerability of single-dose tafenoquine plus 3-day chloroquine for P vivax malaria radical cure.
Methods In this double-blind, randomised, dose-ranging phase 2b study, men and women (aged ≥16 years) with microscopically confirmed P vivax monoinfection (parasite density >100 to 7500 per μL blood). The primary efficacy endpoint was relapse-free efficacy at 6 months from initial dose (ie, clearance of initial infection without subsequent microscopically confirmed infection), analysed by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01376167.
Findings Between Sept 19, 2011, and March 25, 2013, 329 patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group (chloroquine plus tafenoquine 50 mg [n=55], 100 mg [n=57], 300 mg [n=57], 600 mg [n=56]; or to chloroquine plus primaquine [n=50]; or chloroquine alone [n=54]). Relapse-free efficacy at 6 months was 57·7% (95% CI 43—70) with tafenoquine 50 mg, 54·1% (40—66) with tafenoquine 100 mg, 89·2% (77—95) with tafenoquine 300 mg, 91·9% (80—97) with tafenoquine 600 mg, 77·3% (63—87) with primaquine, and 37·5% (23—52) with chloroquine alone. Tafenoquine 300 mg and 600 mg had better efficacy than chloroquine alone (treatment differences 51·7% [95% CI 35—69], p
Interpretation Single-dose tafenoquine 300 mg coadministered with chloroquine for P vivax malaria relapse prevention was more efficacious than chloroquine alone, with a similar safety profile. As a result, it has been selected for further clinical assessment in phase 3.
Citation
Llanos-Cuentas, A.; Lacerda, M.V.; Rueangweerayut, R.; Krudsoon, S.; Gupta, S.K.; Kochar, S.K.; Arthur, P.; Chuenchom, N.; Möhrle, J.J.; Duparc, S.; Ugwuegbulam, C.; Kleim, J.P.; Carter, N.; Green, J.A.; Kellam, L. Tafenoquine plus chloroquine for the treatment and relapse prevention of Plasmodium vivax malaria (DETECTIVE): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 2b dose-selection study. Lancet (2013) : [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62568-4]