Consultation outcome

Consultation Report: Cadet Training & Modernisation Programme Syllabus Review – Seventh Group of Consultation Templates

Updated 18 July 2023

Foreword

The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), an executive Agency of the Department for Transport (DfT), carried out a public consultation on behalf of the Cadet Training and Modernisation (CT&M) Programme from 17th April to the 15th May 2023 regarding the Cadet Training Syllabus Review. The consultation was published on 17th April 2023 and notification of the consultation was sent to all participants of the CT&M Programme for wider dissemination through the maritime industry. This was also promoted on social media platforms and maritime news outlets.

The proposed amendments to the Cadet training syllabus were published in multiple formats and feedback on these amendments was gathered through surveys hosted on Smart Survey.

Key Findings

1.1 Introduction

Through the process of the consultation, it has been found that the majority of survey respondents agreed with the changes suggested by CT&M Sub-Group 1.2.

1.2 Consultation

1.2.1 The seventh consultation was carried out between 17th April and 15th May 2023 and can be found at: www.gov.uk

1.2.2 A total of 17 responses were received across the six templates. With all respondents answering every question posed on their survey. A summary of consultee responses and the action taken by CT&M Sub-Group 1.2 as a result can be found in Annex A. A more detailed summary can be found in the accompanying ‘Detail of feedback received’ section of the consultation page. The answers given have been fully and carefully considered.

1.2.3 This consultation has been completed in order to ensure best practice has been followed and provide the opportunity for feedback from the entire maritime industry. There was no legal requirement to undertake this consultation.

Consultation Outcome

Summary of responses

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 A total of 23 outcomes over six templates were posed in the seventh consultation.

2.1.2 These outcomes, together with the consultees comments and the Cadet Training & Modernisation Sub-Group 1.2’s response, are shown in detail in the accompanying ‘Detail of feedback received’ section of the consultation page. However, the main points are summarised below at Annex A.

2.1.3 Finalised versions of each module can also be found in the ‘Detail of outcome’ section of the consultation page.

Our response

3.1 What happens next?

3.1.1 The MCA will make the appropriate amendments to the syllabus templates. These will then be used to create academic modules that will form the new Cadet training syllabus with a view to complete this process by the end of 2023.

3.1.2 Once these academic modules have been created, it will take approximately 12 to 18 months to implement the new syllabus.

3.1.3 Cadet Assessment and the Training Record Book will also be amended to reflect these changes.

ANNEX A

SUMMARY OF THE CONSULTATION OUTCOMES, CONSULTEE FEEDBACK AND SUB-GROUP 1.2 RESPONSES TO THE FEEDBACK

Each module had its own survey which included the recommendations of Sub-Group 1.2:

Deck - Marine Engineering Systems

Deck - Marine Engineering Systems
Outcome Sub-Group 1.2 Recommended Action Consultation Support % Changes made as a result of industry feedback
Outcome 1: Describe the operating principles of marine power plants. Keep 100% None
1.1 Operating principles of power plants Keep 100% None
1.2 Factors affecting fuel consumption and accurately perform fuel calculations. Modernise 100% None
1.3 Power source and storage (Battery technology) Safety and efficiency Add 100% None
Outcome 2: Describe the function and operation of a vessel’s auxiliary machinery Contextualise 100% None
2.1 Function and operational limitations Keep 100% None
2.2 Awareness of the relevant regulations Contextualise 80% None
2.3 Steering and manoeuvring systems Keep 100% None
Outcome 3: Define engineering terms and describe the concepts of control systems. Modernise 80% None
3.1 Marine engineering terms Keep 100% None
3.2 Operation of vessel monitoring and control systems. Keep 100% None
Outcomes for this competency, above and beyond STCW which would be needed due to use of modern technology and impact of future fuels onboard:      
How would you deliver this outcome/ objective? How would you assess this outcome/ objective? Action required Consultation Support %
Ensure all outcomes are contextualised to help Cadets understand what they are learning in relation to what they will experience at sea. While some outcomes are intrinsically linked to work carried out at sea, some need to be contextualised to show how they apply to work on board. Where this is the case, it is important to make sure Cadets clearly understand how the outcome relates to work at sea and it is essential to make sure that this context is given with reference to current and future seagoing technologies and practices. Where outcomes do not specifically cover a topic which relates to work carried out at sea, more must be done to contextualise the outcome and make it relevant to the maritime industry, giving specific shipping examples of how the outcome may be applied in a modern shipping context. Not every template has contextualisation recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Human Element Factors throughout the syllabus To provide seafarers with a contextualised understanding of the Human Element in the maritime industry, showing how they can put theory into practice in the work they carry out at sea. Raise awareness throughout the Cadet’s training of the areas in which human element factors will have an impact. Recommendations on where this can be included have been noted throughout the entire syllabus. Not every template has Human Element Factor recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Data Science skills throughout the syllabus Data Science Skills (Comprehension, Analysis, Presentation, etc…) are already required within much of the syllabus. A further, specific focus on these skills needs to be taught where relevant. A specific topic will need to be introduced to improve Cadets’ Data Science skills. Practical application of data science skills should be highlighted throughout the syllabus. Not every template has Data Science recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 80%

Deck - Passage Planning

Deck - Passage Planning
Outcome Sub-Group 1.2 Recommended Action Consultation Support % Changes made as a result of industry feedback
Outcome 1: Appraise the intended passage  Modernise 100% None
1.1 Principles of passage planning  Keep 100% None
1.2 Passage planning legislation  Keep 100% None
1.3 Charts and publications  Modernise 75% None
1.4 Sailings, great circle sailings and tidal calculations Remove tidal calculations from this outcome 75% None
1.5 Availability of navigational aids Keep 100% None
1.6 Ship reporting and weather routeing Keep 100% None
1.7 Landfall and confined water procedures Contextualise 100% None
Outcome 2: Prepare and document a passage plan.  Modernise 100% None
2.1 Great circle, composite great circle and rhumb line routes   Modernise 75% None
2.2 Distance and courses on great circle, composite great circle and rhumb line route  Keep 100% None
2.3 Use, and the understanding of the implication, of Tidal heights, times, and streams to ensure the passage is made safely  Modernise 100% None
2.4 Co-tidal/co-range charts  Remove 100% None
2.5 Landfall and port approaches  Keep 100% None
2.6 No go areas and navigational hazards  Keep 100% None
2.7 Accuracy of position fixing Modernise 100% None
2.8 Wheel over positions Keep 100% None
2.9 Document the passage plan Keep 100% None
Outcome 3: Evaluate a completed passage plan.  Modernise 75% None
3.1 Factors affecting the execution of the passage plan including: Amend 100% None
3.2 Tidal considerations for underkeel and air draft clearance   Keep 100% None
3.3 Traffic considerations  Keep 100% None
3.4 Navigational accuracy  Amend 100% None
3.5 Meteorological conditions  Keep 100% None
3.6 Condition of the vessel  Keep 100% None
3.7 Vessel traffic systems and reporting schemes  Keep 100% None
3.8 Monitoring the passage plan  Keep 100% None
Outcome 4: Implement and monitor appropriate solutions for situations which arise during a passage.  Modernise 75% None
4.1 Contingency plans for critical navigational areas  Keep 100% None
4.2 Adjustments to the passage plan for routine changes  Keep 100% None
4.3 Adjustments required to the plan for adverse environmental conditions  Keep 100% None
Outcome 5: Perform calculations relating to a vessel’s position  Modernise 75% None
5.1 Solution and evaluation of astronomical observations including resolution of the ‘cocked hat’ problem  Remove the requirement to assess this outcome. 75% None
5.2 Adjustments required to the plan to comply with Search and Rescue (SAR) or medical emergencies  Keep 100% None
Outcomes for this competency, above and beyond STCW which would be needed due to use of modern technology and impact of future fuels onboard:      
How would you deliver this outcome/ objective? How would you assess this outcome/ objective? Action required Consultation Support %
Ensure all outcomes are contextualised to help Cadets understand what they are learning in relation to what they will experience at sea. While some outcomes are intrinsically linked to work carried out at sea, some need to be contextualised to show how they apply to work on board. Where this is the case, it is important to make sure Cadets clearly understand how the outcome relates to work at sea and it is essential to make sure that this context is given with reference to current and future seagoing technologies and practices. Where outcomes do not specifically cover a topic which relates to work carried out at sea, more must be done to contextualise the outcome and make it relevant to the maritime industry, giving specific shipping examples of how the outcome may be applied in a modern shipping context. Not every template has contextualisation recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Human Element Factors throughout the syllabus To provide seafarers with a contextualised understanding of the Human Element in the maritime industry, showing how they can put theory into practice in the work they carry out at sea. Raise awareness throughout the Cadet’s training of the areas in which human element factors will have an impact. Recommendations on where this can be included have been noted throughout the entire syllabus. Not every template has Human Element Factor recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Data Science skills throughout the syllabus Data Science Skills (Comprehension, Analysis, Presentation, etc…) are already required within much of the syllabus. A further, specific focus on these skills needs to be taught where relevant. A specific topic will need to be introduced to improve Cadets’ Data Science skills. Practical application of data science skills should be highlighted throughout the syllabus. Not every template has Data Science recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 75%

ETO - Electronic Fault Finding

ETO - Electronic Fault Finding
Outcome Sub-Group 1.2 Recommended Action Consultation Support % Changes made as a result of industry feedback
Outcome1: Explain the techniques of fault diagnosis in electronic circuits and systems Keep 100% None
1.1 Sequential and non-sequential fault location methods   Keep 100% None
1.2 Systematic fault location methods eg input to output, output to input, half-split   Keep 100% None
1.3 Fault location methods in complex systems eg divergence, convergence, alternative path   Keep 100% None
1.4 Exceptional faults eg manufacturing faults, multiple faults, catastrophic failure   Keep 100% None
1.5 Faults in micro-controllers in digital electronic circuits   Add 100% None
Outcome 2: Implement a fault location strategy in an electronic system Keep 100% None
2.1 Identify risks and use safe working practices   Keep 100% None
2.2 Identify fault symptoms in terms of system operation   Keep 100% None
2.3 Interpret fault symptoms using test equipment and/or diagnostic aids    Keep 100% None
2.4 Locate faulty circuit using system documentation and test equipment  Keep 100% None
2.5 Design and analyse simple analogue and digital circuits  Add 100% None
Outcome 3: Locate faults to component level in digital and analogue circuits Contextualise 100% None
3.1 Identify risks and use safe working practices Keep 100% None
3.2 Identify fault symptoms in terms of system operation Keep 100% None
3.3 Select a suitable fault location method Keep 100% None
3.4 Locate a fault to component level on an analogue system Keep 100% None
3.5 Locate a fault to component level on a digital system   Keep 100% None
3.6 Use appropriate test equipment Keep 100% None
3.7 Correct use of a circuit diagram Keep 100% None
3.8 Using shoreside assistance for fault finding. Add 100% None
Outcomes for this competency, above and beyond STCW which would be needed due to use of modern technology and impact of future fuels onboard:      
How would you deliver this outcome/ objective? How would you assess this outcome/ objective? Action required Consultation Support %
Ensure all outcomes are contextualised to help Cadets understand what they are learning in relation to what they will experience at sea. While some outcomes are intrinsically linked to work carried out at sea, some need to be contextualised to show how they apply to work on board. Where this is the case, it is important to make sure Cadets clearly understand how the outcome relates to work at sea and it is essential to make sure that this context is given with reference to current and future seagoing technologies and practices. Where outcomes do not specifically cover a topic which relates to work carried out at sea, more must be done to contextualise the outcome and make it relevant to the maritime industry, giving specific shipping examples of how the outcome may be applied in a modern shipping context. Not every template has contextualisation recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Human Element Factors throughout the syllabus To provide seafarers with a contextualised understanding of the Human Element in the maritime industry, showing how they can put theory into practice in the work they carry out at sea. Raise awareness throughout the Cadet’s training of the areas in which human element factors will have an impact. Recommendations on where this can be included have been noted throughout the entire syllabus. Not every template has Human Element Factor recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Data Science skills throughout the syllabus Data Science Skills (Comprehension, Analysis, Presentation, etc…) are already required within much of the syllabus. A further, specific focus on these skills needs to be taught where relevant. A specific topic will need to be introduced to improve Cadets’ Data Science skills. Practical application of data science skills should be highlighted throughout the syllabus. Not every template has Data Science recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%

Marine Engineering: Heat Engine Principles (Management Level)

Marine Engineering: Heat Engine Principles (Management Level)
Outcome Sub-Group 1.2 Recommended Action Consultation Support % Changes made as a result of industry feedback
Outcome1: Apply the fundamental properties of thermodynamics to a process Keep 100% None
1.1Relationship between p, V and T for polytropic and adiabatic processes  Keep 100% None
1.2 Work transfer for reversible processes    Keep 100% None
1.3 Heat transfer for reversible processes    Keep 100% None
1.4 Specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume   Keep 100% None
1.5 Change of entropy of a perfect gas    Keep 100% None
1.6 P–V and T–S diagrams  Keep 100% None
1.7 Avogadro’s Law   Keep 100% None
1.8 Universal Gas Constant   Keep 100% None
Outcome 2: Evaluate and apply marine heat engine cycles Contextualise 100% None
2.1 Second law of thermodynamics Keep 100% None
2.2 Comparison of the Carnot cycle with ideal heat engines, its thermal efficiency and the application of Carnot’s principle to the second law of thermodynamics Keep 100% None
2.3 Comparison of the Carnot cycle with ideal heat engine cycles Keep 100% None
2.4 Ideal engine cycles described using P-V and T-S diagrams and practical counterparts applied to Marine engines Keep 100% None
2.5 Thermal efficiency, indicated and brake mean effective pressure, work done and air standard efficiency of Ideal cycles Keep 100% None
2.6 Thermal efficiency, work, and heat transfer of Gas Turbines Keep 100% None
Outcome 3: Calculate heat transfer through complex systems Keep 100% None
3.1 Fourier’s Law for conductive heat transfer Keep 100% None
3.2 Heat transfer through thick cylinders, single and double lagged pipes, spheres, and hemispherical ends of cylinders Keep 100% None
3.3 Heat transfer through boundary layers Keep 100% None
3.4 Overall heat transfer coefficient ‘U’ for composite flat plates and composite lagged pipes, using thermal conductivity and surface heat transfer coefficient Keep 100% None
3.5 Stefan Boltzmann constant Keep 100% None
3.6 Black body’ radiation and ‘emissivity factor Keep 100% None
Outcome 4: Calculate the properties of constituent parts during combustion of marine fuels Keep 100% None
4.1 Combustion of fuel by mass and volume Keep 100% None
4.2 Stoichiometric, insufficient, and actual air supply and the proportional gravimetric constituents of a fuel from flue gas analysis Keep 100% None
4.3 Higher and Lower Calorific Values of fuels and the heat energy released by the various constituents Keep 100% None
4.4 Dalton’s laws to stoichiometric and other mixtures of gaseous fuels and air Keep 100% None
4.5 Dew point’ of water vapour from flue gas analysis Keep 100% None
4.6 Heat carried away in flue gases and heat transfer from gas to water heat exchangers Keep 100% None
Outcomes for this competency, above and beyond STCW which would be needed due to use of modern technology and impact of future fuels onboard:      
How would you deliver this outcome/ objective? How would you assess this outcome/ objective? Action required Consultation Support %
Add an outcome to: “Calculate the power output for non-combustible future marine fuels”. Looking beyond the burning of diesel-based fuel As technology advances, we will move beyond traditional fuel cells, it is essential that we ensure that future seafarers are prepared for these changes. Add this outcome to the module and suggest its addition as part of the IMO’s STCW Comprehensive Review. 100%
Ensure all outcomes are contextualised to help Cadets understand what they are learning in relation to what they will experience at sea. While some outcomes are intrinsically linked to work carried out at sea, some need to be contextualised to show how they apply to work on board. Where this is the case, it is important to make sure Cadets clearly understand how the outcome relates to work at sea and it is essential to make sure that this context is given with reference to current and future seagoing technologies and practices. Where outcomes do not specifically cover a topic which relates to work carried out at sea, more must be done to contextualise the outcome and make it relevant to the maritime industry, giving specific shipping examples of how the outcome may be applied in a modern shipping context. Not every template has contextualisation recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Human Element Factors throughout the syllabus To provide seafarers with a contextualised understanding of the Human Element in the maritime industry, showing how they can put theory into practice in the work they carry out at sea. Raise awareness throughout the Cadet’s training of the areas in which human element factors will have an impact. Recommendations on where this can be included have been noted throughout the entire syllabus. Not every template has Human Element Factor recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Data Science skills throughout the syllabus Data Science Skills (Comprehension, Analysis, Presentation, etc…) are already required within much of the syllabus. A further, specific focus on these skills needs to be taught where relevant. A specific topic will need to be introduced to improve Cadets’ Data Science skills. Practical application of data science skills should be highlighted throughout the syllabus. Not every template has Data Science recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%

Marine Engineering: Applied Thermodynamics (Management Level)

Marine Engineering: Applied Thermodynamics (Management Level)
Outcome Sub-Group 1.2 Recommended Action Consultation Support % Changes made as a result of industry feedback
Outcome1: Analyse the use of multistage reciprocating air compressors Keep 100% None
1.1 P-V diagrams to describe ideal and actual cycles for multistage compression  Keep 100% None
1.2 Effect of intercooling between stages by calculating heat transfer during compression and cooling   Keep 100% None
1.3 Work transfer for ideal and actual cycles including clearance for multistage compression   Keep 100% None
1.4 Isothermal efficiency   Keep 100% None
1.5 Indicated and input power requirements   Keep 100% None
Outcome 2: Apply the concept of reverse heat engine to refrigeration and recognise the properties of common refrigerants Keep 100% None
2.1 Concept of entropy to refrigeration using tables and formulae   Keep 100% None
2.2 Vapour compression cycles and reversed Carnot cycle using p-H and T-S diagrams   Keep 100% None
2.3 Effects of superheating and undercooling and describe the effects using p-H and T-S diagrams    Keep 100% None
2.4 COP of actual plant and compare to COP of reversed Carnot cycle  Keep 100% None
2.5 Use of intermediate cooling and evaluate the application of intermediate cooling by flash chamber   Keep 100% None
Outcome 3: Determine the efficiency of steam plant and power from a velocity and a pressure compound steam turbine  Keep 100% None
3.1 Heat energy distribution in a boiler and compile a heat balance account. Keep 100% None
3.2 Thermal efficiency Keep 100% None
3.3 H-S and T-S charts to evaluate and analyse the basic Carnot and Rankine cycles including improvements from superheating, reheating and feed heating Keep 100% None
3.4 Steady flow energy equation to steam nozzles to calculate throat and exit velocities Keep 100% None
3.5 Reasons for change of nozzle form and convergent and convergent/divergent sections Keep 100% None
3.6 Blade velocity diagrams for impulse and reaction turbines, kinetic and leaving losses Keep 0% None
3.7 Stage power, stage efficiency and stage axial thrust for a velocity and pressure compounded turbines and the number of stages from given steam conditions for a reaction turbine Keep 0% None
Outcome 4: Solve problems involving fluid mechanics in pipes, pumps, meters and jets Keep 100% None
4.1 Flow velocities and pressures in parallel and tapering pipe work systems and Bernoulli’s equation Keep 100% None
4.2 Venturi meters Keep 100% None
4.3 Forces on pipe bends Keep 100% None
4.4 Motion of hydraulic jets in relation to projectile theory Keep 100% None
4.5 Power for centrifugal pumps and evaluate performance Keep 100% None
Outcomes for this competency, above and beyond STCW which would be needed due to use of modern technology and impact of future fuels onboard:      
How would you deliver this outcome/ objective? How would you assess this outcome/ objective? Action required Consultation Support %
Ensure all outcomes are contextualised to help Cadets understand what they are learning in relation to what they will experience at sea. While some outcomes are intrinsically linked to work carried out at sea, some need to be contextualised to show how they apply to work on board. Where this is the case, it is important to make sure Cadets clearly understand how the outcome relates to work at sea and it is essential to make sure that this context is given with reference to current and future seagoing technologies and practices. Where outcomes do not specifically cover a topic which relates to work carried out at sea, more must be done to contextualise the outcome and make it relevant to the maritime industry, giving specific shipping examples of how the outcome may be applied in a modern shipping context. Not every template has contextualisation recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Human Element Factors throughout the syllabus To provide seafarers with a contextualised understanding of the Human Element in the maritime industry, showing how they can put theory into practice in the work they carry out at sea. Raise awareness throughout the Cadet’s training of the areas in which human element factors will have an impact. Recommendations on where this can be included have been noted throughout the entire syllabus. Not every template has Human Element Factor recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Data Science skills throughout the syllabus Data Science Skills (Comprehension, Analysis, Presentation, etc…) are already required within much of the syllabus. A further, specific focus on these skills needs to be taught where relevant. A specific topic will need to be introduced to improve Cadets’ Data Science skills. Practical application of data science skills should be highlighted throughout the syllabus. Not every template has Data Science recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%

Deck - Management of Bridge Operations

Deck - Management of Bridge Operations
Outcome Sub-Group 1.2 Recommended Action Consultation Support % Changes made as a result of industry feedback
Outcome 1: Establish watchkeeping arrangements and operational and safety procedures to comply with statutory and international requirements regarding navigation Contextualise 75% None
1.1 Statutory and international regulations regarding watchkeeping arrangements on board ship Contextualise 75% None
1.2 Masters standing and night orders and general watchkeeping duties Include a greater understanding of the human factors impacting this outcome. 100% None
1.3 Position fixing systems Keep 100% None
1.4 Master/pilot relationship Include a greater understanding of the human factors impacting this outcome. 100% None
1.5 Bridge procedures prior to arrival, departure, encountering heavy weather/ice, at sea and in port Keep 100% None
Outcome 2: Explain how to manoeuvre and handle the ship in all conditions Contextualise 100% None
2.1 Propulsion and steering systems  Keep 100% None
2.2 Factors affecting manoeuvring  Keep 100% None
2.3 Manoeuvring characteristics  Keep 100% None
2.4 Berthing and unberthing manoeuvres  Keep 100% None
2.5 Anchoring  Keep 75% None
2.6 Routine and emergency manoeuvres  Include a greater understanding of the human factors impacting this outcome. 100% None
Outcome 3: Analyse the principles of the operation and errors of a marine gyro compass Keep 100% None
3.1 The controlled gyroscope  Keep 100% None
3.2 North settling gyroscope  Keep 100% None
3.3 Gyrocompass errors  Keep 100% None
3.4 Gyrocompass interfaces  Keep 100% None
Outcomes for this competency, above and beyond STCW which would be needed due to use of modern technology and impact of future fuels onboard:      
How would you deliver this outcome/ objective? How would you assess this outcome/ objective? Action required Consultation Support %
Ensure all outcomes are contextualised to help Cadets understand what they are learning in relation to what they will experience at sea. While some outcomes are intrinsically linked to work carried out at sea, some need to be contextualised to show how they apply to work on board. Where this is the case, it is important to make sure Cadets clearly understand how the outcome relates to work at sea and it is essential to make sure that this context is given with reference to current and future seagoing technologies and practices. Where outcomes do not specifically cover a topic which relates to work carried out at sea, more must be done to contextualise the outcome and make it relevant to the maritime industry, giving specific shipping examples of how the outcome may be applied in a modern shipping context. Not every template has contextualisation recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Human Element Factors throughout the syllabus To provide seafarers with a contextualised understanding of the Human Element in the maritime industry, showing how they can put theory into practice in the work they carry out at sea. Raise awareness throughout the Cadet’s training of the areas in which human element factors will have an impact. Recommendations on where this can be included have been noted throughout the entire syllabus. Not every template has Human Element Factor recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 100%
Include Data Science skills throughout the syllabus Data Science Skills (Comprehension, Analysis, Presentation, etc…) are already required within much of the syllabus. A further, specific focus on these skills needs to be taught where relevant. A specific topic will need to be introduced to improve Cadets’ Data Science skills. Practical application of data science skills should be highlighted throughout the syllabus. Not every template has Data Science recommendations but please do add any you feel may have been missed. 75%