Mpox: information sheet for clade I mpox category 1 contacts
Updated 28 November 2024
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You have been given this information sheet because you have been in contact with someone who has an illness called mpox. Because of this, there is a risk that you could develop mpox.
The risk of you developing mpox is low, but it can take up to 21 days to develop the symptoms of mpox after you last had contact with the person who has mpox. If you develop any of the symptoms of mpox described in this information sheet in the 21 days after you last had contact with the person with mpox, then you should phone NHS 111 and tell them that you have been in contact with someone who has mpox. It is important to report your symptoms straight away. This is to help to protect your health and the health of others around you.
If you are concerned about your symptoms or they are getting worse, then you should contact NHS 111 and tell them that you have been in contact with someone with mpox.
If you become seriously unwell and require urgent medical attention, telephone 999 and tell them that you have been in contact with someone with mpox.
You do not need to take any action unless you develop symptoms during the 21 days after you had contact with someone who has mpox.
What you need to do now
Mpox is a disease that is caused by a virus called MPXV. There are 2 main types (called clades) of MPXV, clade I and clade II. You have received this information because you have been in contact with someone with clade I mpox. Clade I mpox may cause severe symptoms in some people, so it is very important to prevent the spread of clade I mpox.
Take the following actions to help prevent the spread of mpox to others and so that if you develop mpox, it can be identified quickly. This will protect the health and safety of you, your family and anyone else that you may have contact with.
Check yourself for any symptoms
It can take between 5 to 21 days from contact with someone who has mpox for symptoms to develop. The symptoms of mpox can be similar to other infections, such as chickenpox. Symptoms can include:
- fever (a high temperature)
- severe headache
- muscle ache or joint pain that is not due to exercise
- backache that is not due to exercise
- swollen glands – these could be in your neck, groin or under your arms
- chills
- exhaustion
- rash
The rash is made up of lesions (spots, blisters or ulcers). It usually appears 1 to 5 days after the first symptoms and can be on any part of the body. This includes the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, mouth, genitals and anus. It starts as raised spots, which turn into small blisters filled with fluid or pus. These blisters can turn into ulcers and eventually form scabs which later fall off.
Check yourself daily for any symptoms of mpox, using a mirror to check for lesions in areas which may be hard to see. It is important to check regularly for any lesions, as some people may develop a milder illness with only a small number of skin lesions (in some cases genital lesions only), and no other symptoms.
Check if you have a fever (a high temperature) using a thermometer if you have one. Signs that you have a high temperature include your chest or back feeling hotter than usual or other symptoms such as shivering (chills), sweating, or warm, red skin (this may be harder to see on black or brown skin).
If you do not have any symptoms, you do not need to take any further action.
What to do if you develop symptoms
If you develop any of the symptoms listed above in the 21 days since you last had contact with the person who had mpox, you should stay at home and stay away from other people (self-isolate) straight away. Report your symptoms as soon as possible to NHS 111. It is important that you report any symptoms, however mild, and in particular any signs of a rash (even if it is only one or two spots). You will be asked some questions about your symptoms and will be told what you need to do next.
How mpox spreads
Mpox does not spread easily between people unless there is close contact. Spread between people may occur through:
- direct contact with rash, skin lesions (spots, blisters or ulcers) or scabs (including during sexual contact, kissing, cuddling or other skin-to-skin contact)
- contact with bodily fluids such as saliva, snot or mucus
- contact with clothing or linens (such as bedding or towels) or other objects and surfaces used by someone with mpox
It is possible that clade I mpox may spread between people through close and prolonged face-to-face contact such as talking, breathing, coughing, or sneezing close to one another. However, there is currently limited evidence so this will be updated as new information is available.
When to get medical advice
After reporting your symptoms, if they get worse or you are concerned about your symptoms, then you should contact NHS 111 and tell them that you have received this information sheet and have been in contact with someone with mpox.
If you become seriously unwell and require urgent medical attention, telephone 999 and tell them that you have received this information sheet and have been in contact with someone with mpox.