Guidance

Namibia: migrant health guide

Advice and guidance on the health needs of migrant patients from Namibia for healthcare practitioners.

Main messages

If the patient is new to the UK:

  • explain to them how the NHS works
  • discuss how this compares to the healthcare system they’ve been used to

Ensure that all patients are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule.

Screen all new entrants, including children, for tuberculosis (TB).

Offer and recommend an HIV test to all adults from Namibia, and consider offering an HIV test to infants and children who have recently arrived in the UK.

Offer to all sexually active individuals:

  • a full sexual health screen
  • safer sex health promotion advice

Consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly among those who have recently arrived. Namibia has a high prevalence.

Consider screening for hepatitis C, because Namibia has a considerably higher prevalence than the UK.

Ask about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin, and see National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC), or the Health Protection Scotland websites (TRAVAX and fitfortravel), for travel advice.

There is a high risk of malaria in some areas, and a risk of typhoid infection in Namibia.

Find out more about children’s health.

Infectious diseases

Immunisation

Ensure that all patients, especially children, are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule. See Immunisation collection with complete schedules.

Tuberculosis

There is a high incidence of TB in Namibia (40 to 499 cases/100,000), so:

  • screen all new entrants (including children) for TB according to NICE guidelines
  • refer to TB services promptly if screening is positive
  • maintain long term vigilance for symptoms of TB even if initial screening is negative
  • be aware that TB is a notifiable disease

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV

There is a high rate of HIV in Namibia (>1%), so:

Although recent global data on STIs are not available, countries with high HIV rates tend to have higher rates of STIs, and the range of STIs encountered in Namibia may vary from those in the UK, so offer to sexually active individuals:

  • a full sexual health screen
  • safer sex health promotion advice by referral to local genito-urinary medicine services

Hepatitis B

Namibia has a high prevalence of hepatitis B, so:

  • consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly those who have recently arrived
  • offer screening for hepatitis B to all pregnant women during each pregnancy
  • immunise appropriately babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive, and follow-up accordingly
  • be aware that the UK has a universal infant immunisation programme for hepatitis B and a selective immunisation programme for higher risk groups

Hepatitis C

Namibia has a considerably higher prevalence of hepatitis C than the UK, so consider screening for hepatitis C.

Travel plans and advice

Ask opportunistically about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin, and see National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC), or the Health Protection Scotland websites (TRAVAX and fitfortravel), for travel advice.

Malaria

There is a high risk of malaria in some areas of Namibia, mainly due to P. falciparum, so:

Typhoid

There is a risk of typhoid infection in Namibia, so:

  • ensure that travellers to Namibia are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fever
  • remember enteric fever in the differential diagnosis of illness in patients with a recent history of travel to-or-from Namibia

Helminths

There is a risk of helminth infections in Namibia, including:

  • schistosomiasis
  • soil transmitted helminthiasis

Women’s health

Reproductive health indicators

Reproductive health indicator UK Namibia
Number of children per woman¹ 2 3
Use of contraception² 82% 43.7%
Breast examination or mammography³ 75% 6%
Cervical cancer screening⁴ 70% 13%

¹lifetime average; ²by woman of reproductive age or partner; ³women aged 50 to 69 years; ⁴women aged 20 to 69 years


Find out more about women’s health.

Nutritional and metabolic concerns

Anaemia

There is a moderate risk of anaemia in adults (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women is 20 to 40%) and pre-school children (estimated prevalence is 20 to 40%), so:

  • be alert to the possibility of anaemia in recently arrived migrants, particularly women and pre-school children
  • test as clinically indicated

Vitamin D

Consider the possibility of vitamin D deficiency in people who may be at risk due to:

  • covering their body for cultural or religious reasons (lack of sunlight)
  • skin colour
  • diet (vegan or vegetarian)

Vitamin A

There is a risk of vitamin A deficiency in Namibia.

Country profile

Health indicators and health care

WHO Global Health Observatory has a summary of health indicators and health care in Namibia.

Culture, politics and history

BBC News and The World Factbook provide background information on the culture, politics and history of Namibia.

Languages

Language Population (%)
Oshiwambo 48.9
Nama / Damara 11.3
Afrikaans¹ 10.4
Otjiherero 8.6
Kavango 8.5
Caprivi 4.8
English² 3.4
Other African 2.3
Other 1.7

¹the common language of most of the population, and of about 60% of the white population; ²official

Source: The World Factbook


Find out about language interpretation.

Religions

The main religions in Namibia are:

  • Christian (80% to 90%, at least 50% Lutheran)
  • indigenous beliefs (10% to 20%)

Source: The World Factbook

Migration to the UK

At the time of the 2011 census, there were over 2,000 people from Namibia living in England and Wales.

Updates to this page

Published 31 July 2014
Last updated 30 May 2019 + show all updates
  1. Updated TB guidance based on latest the World Health Organization (WHO) data.

  2. Updated and made editorial changes to meet GOV.UK style.

  3. First published.

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