IHTM26129 - Step 4 - grossing up: grossing up where there are any reliefs due
If the tax on death is reduced by a relief against tax, such as Quick Succession Relief (QSR) (IHTM22041) or double taxation relief (DTR) (IHTM27161), you should give those reliefs before grossing up (IHTM26121).
Where the value transferred (IHTM04028) is reduced by a relief, such as Business Relief (IHTM25131) or Agricultural Relief (IHTM24001), the values you gross up are the values of the specific gifts after reduction under the interaction (IHTM26101) provisions.
The following examples all take QSR into account.
Example 1 - simple grossing
In this example the deceased died in September 2002. There is free estate of £1,000,000. The only chargeable legacies are free of tax legacies totalling £280,000. The residue is wholly exempt and there is no lifetime cumulation. QSR of £6,000 is due.
Chargeable legacies free of tax = £280,000
Less nil-rate band -£250,000
Excess = £30,000
£30,000 × (100 ÷ 60) = £50,000
Add nil-rate band +£250,000
Total = £300,000
Deduct QSR (100 ÷ 60), or £6,000 x (100 ÷ 60) = £10,000
Grossed-up legacies = £290,000
This can be easily checked:
Grossed-up legacies = £290,000
Less nil-rate band -£250,000
Excess = £40,000
Tax at 40% = £16,000
Less QSR -£6,000
Tax due = £10,000
£290,000 less £10,000 tax leaves £280,000 to pay the legacies.
Example 2
Using the same details as above, but with a lifetime cumulative total of £150,000, the calculation becomes:
Available nil-rate band = £250,000 less lifetime total (£150,0000 = £100,000
Chargeable legacies free of tax = £280,000
Deduct unused balance of nil-rate band -£100,000
Excess = £180,000
£180,000 × (100÷60) = £300,000
Add unused balance of nil-rate band +£100,000
Total = £400,000
Deduct QSR × (100 ÷ 60), or £6,000 × (5 ÷ 3) = £10,000
Grossed-up legacies = £390,000
This can be easily checked, as above:
Grossed-up legacies = £390,000
Plus lifetime cumulative total +£150,000
Total = £540,000
Less nil-rate band -£250,000
Excess = £290,000
Tax at 40% = £116,000
Less QSR -£6,000
Tax due = £110,000
£390,000 less £110,000 tax leaves £280,000 to pay the legacies.
Where the initial grossing addition is less than QSR × (100 ÷ 60) then the grossed-up value of the legacies will be the same as their value before grossing up. For example, in Example 1 above, the initial grossing addition is £300,000 - £280,000 = £20,000. If the QSR had been £15,000 instead of £6,000, the QSR × (100 ÷ 60) would be £25,000. As this is greater than the initial grossing addition of £20,000, the grossed-up value of the legacies would remain at £280,000.
Example 3 - four stage grossing
The facts are as in Example 1 above, except that only half the residue is exempt.
Stage 1
Gross up the legacies totalling £280,000 at the rate appropriate to their total value.
£250,000 + (£280,000 - £250,000) × (100 ÷ 60) = £300,000, less £6,000 (QSR) × (100 ÷ 60) = £290,000
Stage 2
Calculate the initial determination of the chargeable part of the estate:
Value of the estate = £1,000,000
Less grossed-up value of legacies -£290,000
Residue = £710,000
Value of exempt residue (50%) = £355,000
Value of chargeable residue (50%) = £355,000
The chargeable free estate is £290,000 + £355,000 = £645,000
Deduct nil-rate band -£250,000
Excess = £395,000
Tax at 40% = £158,000
Less QSR -£6,000
Net Tax due = £152,000
Stage 3
Re-gross the chargeable legacies
£280,000 × £645,000 ÷ (£645,000 - £152,000) = £366,328.60
Stage 4
Calculate the chargeable estate
Value of the estate = £1,000,000
Less grossed-up value of legacies -£366,328.60
Residue = £633,671.40
Value of exempt residue (50%) = £316,835.70
Value of chargeable residue (50%) = £316,835.70
The chargeable free estate is:
Value of the estate = £1,000,000
Less exempt residue -£316,835.70
Chargeable free estate = £683,164.30
You can check this by adding the chargeable gifts together
Grossed-up legacies = £366,328.60
Chargeable residue = £316,835.70
Total chargeable = £683,164.30
Any cases not covered by the above instructions should be referred to the Actuarial Team to help with the calculations.